Impact of Geriatric Home Screening Services on Mental State: A Systematic Review

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Screening Service ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
Screening Services ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this report was to determine the impact of geriatric home screening services on mental state. Two computer databases, MEDLINE and HealthSTAR, were searched for relevant articles published from January 1975 to June 1997, and the bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched for additional references. Seven trials were located that met the four inclusion criteria: (a) original study; (b) published in English or French; (c) controlled trial (randomized or nonrandomized) of a geriatric home screening service; and (d) the trial included at least one measure of mental state. All trials met most of the validity criteria for intervention studies of the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Two trials reported a small effect on morale or self-perceived health and five trials reported no effect. Thus, there was little evidence that geriatric home screening services had an impact on the mental state of aged subjects.

The Impact of Geriatric Medical Services on Mental State

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper was to determine the impact of geriatric medical services on mental state by reviewing all controlled trials of such services. Two computer data bases were searched for relevant articles published from January 1980 to August 1990, and the bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched for additional references. Eleven reports were located that met the four inclusion criteria: original study, published in English or French, controlled trial (nonrandomized or randomized) of a geriatric medical service, and inclusion of at least one measure of mental state in the study. Ten reports met the validity criteria for intervention studies. There was little evidence that geriatric medical services improved the mental state of aged patients; all trials had limitations in design and measures. These findings challenge mental health professionals in two ways: first, services must be developed to address the apparently unmet mental health needs of aged medical patients; second, research methods must be developed to measure the impact of these services.

scholarly journals DIPG-25. KETOGENIC DIET IN DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA IN CHILDREN: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY INVESTIGATING THE FEASIBILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii291-iii292
Author(s):  
Alexandre Perez ◽  
Janak Nathan ◽  
Moatasem El-Ayadi ◽  
Christian Korff ◽  
Marc Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pontine Glioma ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Small Patient Population ◽  
Small Patient ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Abstract PURPOSE Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is one of the most devastating diseases amongst children with cancer, thus novel strategies are urgently needed. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility of the carbohydrate restricted ketogenic diet (KD) in DIPG patients. METHODS Searches of MEDLINE and Embase identified four publications meeting the inclusion criteria (diagnosis of DIPG and exposition to a KD ≥ 3 months). One additional case was identified by contact with experts. The minimal feasibility criteria were defined as the ability to use the KD for ≥ 3 months. Individual patient data were extracted from the publications or obtained from investigators. RESULTS Five patients (males, n=3; median age 4.4 years; range, 2.5–17 years) met the inclusion criteria (one patient – identified and not included - was on KD < 3 months due to disease progression). Further feasibility analyses showed a duration of the KD of ≥ 3 months and less than 7 months (n=2), > 7 months and less than 1 year (n= 2), and two years (n=1), respectively. CONCLUSION These results – based on a small patient population – suggest that the KD appears to be a feasible treatment option for children with DIPG. The potential duration of the KD is limited by the aggressive clinical behavior of DIPG. The safety analysis is currently being retrospectively assessed. These data should encourage further studies on a larger scale; ideally assessing the impact of the KD in DIPG patients in a randomized controlled trial.

Effects of Respite Care on Patients With Dementia and Their Caregivers

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Respite Care ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Patient Variables ◽  
Validity Criteria

The purpose of the literature review discussed in this article was to determine the effect of formal respite care on patients with dementia and their caregivers. Three computerized databases were searched for relevant English-language articles published from 1975 to 1994, and the bibliographies of retrieved articles were systematically reviewed for additional references. Five studies met the following inclusion criteria: original research; controlled trial of a defined respite intervention; sample including a dementia population; and at least one outcome measure relating to at least one of eight specified caregiver and patient variables. Four studies met validity criteria and were included for the review. There was little evidence that formal respite care has a significant effect on caregivers' burden, psychiatric status, or physical health; or on patients' cognition, function, physical health, or rate of institutionalization. However, given the small number of controlled studies found and their methodological and conceptual limitations, these data should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Views of commissioners, managers and healthcare professionals on the NHS Health Check programme: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e018606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Mills ◽  
Emma Harte ◽  
Adam Martin ◽  
Calum MacLure ◽  
Simon J Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nhs Health Check

ObjectiveTo synthesise data concerning the views of commissioners, managers and healthcare professionals towards the National Health Service (NHS) Health Check programme in general and the challenges faced when implementing it in practice.DesignA systematic review of surveys and interview studies with a descriptive analysis of quantitative data and thematic synthesis of qualitative data.Data sourcesAn electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, PsycInfo, Web of Science, OpenGrey, the Cochrane Library, NHS Evidence, Google Scholar, Google, ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry from 1 January 1996 to 9 November 2016 with no language restriction and manual screening of reference lists of all included papers.Inclusion criteriaPrimary research reporting views of commissioners, managers or healthcare professionals on the NHS Health Check programme and its implementation in practice.ResultsOf 18 524 citations, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. There was evidence from both quantitative and qualitative studies that some commissioners and general practice (GP) healthcare professionals were enthusiastic about the programme, whereas others raised concerns around inequality of uptake, the evidence base and cost-effectiveness. In contrast, those working in pharmacies were all positive about programme benefits, citing opportunities for their business and staff. The main challenges to implementation were: difficulties with information technology and computer software, resistance to the programme from some GPs, the impact on workload and staffing, funding and training needs. Inadequate privacy was also a challenge in pharmacy and community settings, along with difficulty recruiting people eligible for Health Checks and poor public access to some venues.ConclusionsThe success of the NHS Health Check Programme relies on engagement by those responsible for its commissioning, management and delivery. Recognising and addressing the challenges identified in this review, in particular the concerns of GPs, are important for the future of the programme.

scholarly journals Confounding in Observational Studies Explained

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikaramjit Mann ◽  
Evan Wood
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

Practical and ethical constraints mean that many clinical and/or epidemiological questions cannot be answered through the implementation of a randomized controlled trial. Under these circumstances, observational studies are often required to assess relationships between certain exposures and disease outcomes. Unfortunately, observational studies are notoriously vulnerable to the effect of different types of “confounding,” a concept that is often a source of confusion among trainees, clinicians and users of health information. This article discusses the concept of confounding by way of examples and offers a simple guide for assessing the impact of is effects for learners of evidence-based medicine.

scholarly journals OUTCOMES MEASUREMENT IN EARLY-STAGE MEMORY LOSS INTERVENTIONS: A SCOPING REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S596-S596
Author(s):  
Anita Marie Souza ◽  
Boeun Kim ◽  
Christina Miyawaki ◽  
Basia Belza ◽  
Mee Kyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Psychosocial Assessment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Psychoeducational Groups ◽  
Measurement Tools

Abstract Psychosocial and psychoeducational groups are widely recommended for individuals with early stage Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, measurement challenges have hindered researchers’ efforts to demonstrate the efficacy of these groups. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify common measurement tools used in interventions for individuals with early stage ADRD and to develop suggestions for future investigations. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched; 102 studies were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were set to capture intervention studies that utilized quantifiable measures with participants over age 50. Eleven articles met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (73%) employed randomized controlled trial designs. Sample sizes ranged from N=20-236. Most commonly measured outcomes included depression, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and quality of life, but there was little consensus on how to best measure these outcomes. Standardization of psychosocial assessment tools are needed for future intervention studies with early stage ADRD.

scholarly journals The impact of selection criteria and study design on reported survival outcomes in extracorporeal oxygenation cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR): a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Karve ◽  
Dominique Lahood ◽  
Arne Diehl ◽  
Aidan Burrell ◽  
David H. Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during cardiac arrest (ECPR) has increased exponentially. However, reported outcomes vary considerably due to differing study designs and selection criteria. This review assessed the impact of pre-defined selection criteria on ECPR survival. Methods Systematic review applying PRISMA guidelines. We searched Medline, Embase, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews for RCTs and observational studies published from January 2000 to June 2021. Adult patients (> 12 years) receiving ECPR were included. Two investigators reviewed and extracted data on study design, number and type of inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Outcomes included overall and neurologically favourable survival. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. Results 67 studies were included: 14 prospective and 53 retrospective. No RCTs were identified at time of search. The number of inclusion criteria to select ECPR patients (p = 0.292) and study design (p = 0.962) was not associated with higher favourable neurological survival. However, amongst prospective studies, increased number of inclusion criteria was associated with improved outcomes in both OHCA and IHCA cohorts. (β = 0.12, p = 0.026) and arrest to ECMO flow time was predictive of survival. (β = -0.023, p < 0.001). Conclusions Prospective studies showed number of selection criteria and, in particular, arrest to ECMO time were associated with significant improved survival. Well-designed prospective studies assessing the relative importance of criteria as well as larger efficacy studies are required to ensure appropriate application of what is a costly intervention.

scholarly journals The Role of Circulating Lycopene in Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4378
Author(s):  
Hidde P. van Steenwijk ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Alie de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background and aims: In recent years, it has become clear that low-grade chronic inflammation is involved in the onset and progression of many non-communicable diseases. Many studies have investigated the association between inflammation and lycopene, however, results have been inconsistent. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of circulating lycopene on inflammation and to investigate the effect of consuming tomato products and/or lycopene supplements on markers of inflammation. Methods: Eligible studies, published before March 2020, were identified from PubMed, EBSCOhost and ScienceDirect. Human studies published in English, that evaluated the effect of circulating lycopene in relation to inflammation biomarkers were screened and included. Studies assessing lycopene intake or general intake of carotenoids/antioxidants without measuring circulating lycopene, as well as those not reporting inflammation biomarkers as outcomes, were excluded. Results: Out of 80 publications identified and screened, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Results from 18 cross-sectional studies suggest that lycopene levels are adversely affected during inflammation and homeostatic imbalance. Most of the 17 included intervention studies reported increased circulating lycopene levels after tomato/lycopene supplementation, but almost no changes in inflammation biomarkers were observed. Conclusions: There is little evidence that increasing tomato intake or lycopene supplementation diminuates this inflammation. However, depletion of lycopene may be one of the first signs of low-grade inflammation. The available data thereby imply that it is beneficial to consume lycopene-rich foods occasionally to stay healthy and keep circulating lycopene at a basal level.

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