Are Pediatric Emergency Physicians More Knowledgeable and Confident to Respond to a Pediatric Disaster after an Experiential Learning Experience?

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Bank ◽  
Elene Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Medical Response

AbstractObjectivesPediatric hospital disaster responders must be well-trained and prepared to manage children in a mass-casualty incident. Simulations of various types have been the traditional way of testing hospital disaster plans and training hospital staff in skills that are used in rare circumstances. The objective of this longitudinal, survey-based, observational study was to assess the effect of disaster response and management-based experiential learning on the knowledge and confidence of advanced learners.MethodsA simulation-based workshop was created for practicing Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) physicians, senior PEM physicians, and critical care and pediatric surgery residents to learn how to manage a disaster response. Given that this particular group of learners had never been exposed to such a disaster simulation, its educational value was assessed with the goal of improving the quality of the hospital pediatric medical response to a disaster by increasing the responders’ knowledge and confidence. Objective and subjective measures were analyzed using both a retrospective, pre-post survey, as well as case-based evaluation grids.ResultsThe simulation workshop improved the learners’ perceived ability to manage patients in a disaster context and identified strengths and areas needing improvement for patient care within the disaster context.ConclusionAdvanced learners exposed to an experiential learning activity believed that it improved their ability to manage patients in a disaster situation and felt that it was valuable to their learning. Their confidence was preserved six months later.BankI, KhalilE. Are pediatric emergency physicians more knowledgeable and confident to respond to a pediatric disaster after an experiential learning experience?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):551–556.

scholarly journals TEACHING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS THROUGH EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Woods ◽  
Natalie Mazur ◽  
John Gales
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Hands On Learning ◽  
Engineering Materials

This study presents an overview of a civil engineering materials course curriculum at Carleton University developed by the authors. The curriculum aims to move away from traditional civil engineering materials courses, which focus heavily on concepts related to material science, and instead concentrate on concepts that are more relevant to today’s practicing civil engineers. The rationale, application, and analysis of the integration of these concepts through an advanced application of case-based and experiential learning is discussed. Central to this new course curriculum is a hands-on experiential learning activity on the construction and experimental testing of reinforced concrete beam specimens in lab sections of approximately 25 students. The goal of the lab is to provide students with a hands-on learning experience and use this as a tool to cover advanced topics related to civil engineering; for example, environmental sustainability and resilience. The assessment of the students’ understanding of the concepts taught in class were performed through the use of an anonymous questionnaire distributed at the end of the course and through traditional examination and assignments. Results of the survey were compared between classes who engaged in the advanced experiential learning laboratory and those who did not. The results demonstrate that after introducing experiential learning into the course curriculum, students were more likely to form an educated opinion on the potential sustainability of a material. Experiential learning is shown to be a valuable tool for engineering education that, when used efficiently, can seamlessly incorporate newly emerging engineering concepts to ensure that graduating students are equipped with the knowledge and tools they require to be competitive in the job market. The relation of the course to contemporary accreditation of Graduate attributes is discussed at length along with critical information regarding the effectiveness of balancing student engagement in STEM subjects.

scholarly journals Lessons from the Brussels Terrorist Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s91-s92
Author(s):  
Andreas Möhler
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
War Injuries ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Medical Teams

Introduction:On March 22, 2016, the capital of Europe was hit by two terrorist attacks. As terrorism becomes more and more violent, it is critical to learn and share experiences in order to enhance effectiveness in saving lives.Methods:A field perspective and experience feedback from the Emergency Medical Response.Results:The first attack hit the departure hall of the airport, which, due to its strategic role, relies upon a dedicated emergency plan. However, it focuses on airplane crashes and not on explosions in a crowded terminal. The second attack hit the subway at rush hour. An attack in such a confined environment is particularly challenging for the rescue teams, as injuries are worsened, access hindered, and exits numerous.Eleven medical teams were sent in order to perform triage and provide vital care. The medical response was organized by two disaster response teams. Advanced Medical Posts were set up and the mass casualty plans of all hospitals were activated. Managing war injuries for civilian teams was challenging. On-site care consisted essentially in prehospital damage control and burn care in order to ensure rapid evacuations for haemostatic surgery. 313 victims were dispatched to thirty hospitals. Another challenge was safety. Several threats were apparent and explosives were found on both sites. Lessons from Paris had prompted a review of our multiple sites Emergency Plan. One single way of communication was used and the evacuations were managed centrally. Finally, the key factor that helped limit the number of casualties was the acquaintanceship between emergency workers and non-medical teams built during exercises, allowing them to adapt and blend in as one team.Discussion:Lessons from previous attacks were crucial to improve our management of the medical response. These should be shared around, as another attack may always occur anywhere and at any time.

Developing the role of emergency physicians in humanitarian assistance and disaster response

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A7.3-A8
Author(s):  
Najeeb Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Response Team

ObjectiveTo review and summarise information from Reliefweb (information website hosted by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) regarding medical response during the first 2 weeks following Pakistan Earthquake of 2005, and the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. This information, used in conjunction with personal experiences, will demonstrate the value that emergency physicians can contribute as part of a disaster response team during humanitarian aid efforts.MethodsAll situation reports authored by the WHO (who have lead responsibility in coordinating the health response during a disaster) which were published on Reliefweb during the first 2 weeks following the relevant earthquakes were selected. These reports were screened for information relating to numbers of deaths, injuries and illness, as well as number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs)/aid groups participating in efforts, in addition to operational health facilities and capacities.ResultsSummary of the reports demonstrate the rapid increase in patient numbers and NGO participation, as well as the challenges of coordination, communication, resourcing and planning, in addition to appropriate patient management. These findings help to outline the skills required to participate and respond to such crises, many of which constitute part of emergency medicine practice.ConclusionVolunteer participation by doctors during the first few weeks following such disasters continues. However, such participation occurs in an ad-hoc fashion, with many working through a variety of NGOs, but without appropriate coordination and relevant basic training.The College of Emergency Medicine is well placed to support such efforts. This could initially be done by establishing a working group under the auspices of the College, whose role would be support the skills training of doctors wishing to volunteer, as well as work with other associations, colleges, NGOs and Government, so as to better respond to such disasters in the future, with a consolidated role for emergency physicians.

scholarly journals An Entrance to Exit Polling: Strategies for Using Exit Polls as Experiential Learning Projects

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Berry ◽  
Tony Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Competitive Learning ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
Exit Poll ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
The University ◽  
Learning Projects

AbstractEngaging students in the design, administration, and postelection analysis of an exit poll can be an excellent experiential learning activity. Lelieveldt and Rossen (2009) argue that exit polls are a “perfect teaching tool” because they provide students with a cooperative (rather than competitive) learning experience; help students better connect theory, methodology, and course substance; and allow students to move outside of the classroom by branching out into the community. As professors at the University of Colorado, Denver (UCD), we have organized student exit polling during the 2008 and 2010 elections in the Denver area for research methods and elections classes. Although we have found these exit polls to be rewarding experiences for instructors and students alike, the reality is that conducting an exit poll with a group of polling neophytes, in the confines of a single semester, can be challenging. In this article, we discuss strategies and issues for instructors to consider when using an exit poll as an experiential learning exercise.

Expedited Electronic Entry: A New Way to Manage Mass-Casualty Radiology Order Workflow

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bookman ◽  
Richard Zane
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Order Entry ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Electronic Order

AbstractOne of the important tenets of emergency preparedness is that planning for disaster response should resemble standard operating procedure whenever possible. Electronic order entry has become part of the standard operating procedures of most institutions but many of these systems are either too cumbersome for use during a surge or can even be rendered non-functional during a sudden patient surge such as a mass-casualty incident (MCI). Presented here is an experience with delayed radiology order entry during a recent MCI and the after action programming of the system based on this real experience. In response to the after action analysis of the MCI, a task force was assigned to solve the MCI radiology order entry problem and a solution to streamline disaster image ordering was devised. A “browse page” was created that lists every x-ray and every CT scan that might be needed in such an event with all required information defaulted to “Disaster.” This created a way to order multiple images for any one patient, with 40% time saving over standard electronic order entry. This disaster radiology order entry solution is an example of the surge preparedness needed to promote patient safety and efficient care delivery as the widespread deployment of electronic health records and order entry continues across the United States.BookmanK, ZaneR. Delayed electronic entry: a new way to manage mass-casualty radiology order workflow. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(4):1-2.

scholarly journals Experiential Learning in a Gamified Pharmacy Simulation: A Qualitative Exploration Guided by Semantic Analysis

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Denise L. Hope ◽  
Gary D. Rogers ◽  
Gary D. Grant ◽  
Michelle A. King
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Prior Learning ◽  
Reflective Journals ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Experiential learning is an important component of pharmacist education and is primarily achieved through supervised placement or simulation. This study explored senior pharmacy students’ experiential learning in an extended, immersive, gamified simulation, conducted as a capstone learning activity toward the end of their final year of study, consolidating all prior learning and preparing students for intern practice. The simulation aimed to enhance student confidence, competence and collaboration. The three-week activity involved student teams competitively managing simulated pharmacies, assuming the role of pharmacists to complete all scaffolded assessments, including dispensing prescriptions, clinical cases, verbal counselling, simulated patient cases, interprofessional collaboration, and assignments. Assessments were marked continuously, with consequences of practice acknowledged through gain or loss of ‘patients’ for the pharmacy. From 2016 to 2018, 123 students completed multiple individual reflective journals (n = 733). Reflective journals were analyzed to explore the student experience, using a mixed methods approach. Initial Leximancer® 4.51 semantic analysis guided thematic analysis, conducted in NVivo® 12. The major themes that emerged were teamwork, patient-centeredness, medicines provision, future practice, and the learning experience. Student participants reported an intense and emotional experience in the gamified simulation, with many students revealing transformation in their skills, behaviors and attitudes over its duration.

scholarly journals The Role of Veterinarians in Mass Casualty Disasters: A Continuing Need for Integration to Disaster Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey S. Holmquist ◽  
James Patrick O'Neal ◽  
Ray E. Swienton ◽  
Curtis A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Mass Casualty Events

The need to prepare veterinarians to serve as part of the disaster medical response for mass casualty incidents has been recognized since at least the 1960's. The potential value of incorporating veterinarians for mass casualty disaster response has been noted by organizations throughout the world. Clinical veterinarians are highly trained medical professionals with access to equipment, medications, and treatment capabilities that can be leveraged in times of crisis. The ongoing threat of disasters with the current widespread healthcare access barriers requires the disaster management community to address the ethical constraints, training deficiencies and legal limitations for veterinary medical response to mass casualty disasters. An ethical imperative exists for veterinarians with translatable clinical skills to provide care to humans in the event of a mass casualty disaster with insufficient alternative traditional medical resources. Though this imperative exists, there is no established training mechanism to prepare veterinarians for the provision of emergency medical care to humans. In addition, the lack of clear guidance regarding what legal protections exist for voluntary responders persists as a barrier to rapid and effective response of veterinarians to mass casualty disasters. Measures need to be undertaken at all levels of government to address and remove the barriers. Failure to do so reduces potentially available medical resources available to an already strained medical system during mass casualty events.

Use of Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers in a Hospital-based Disaster Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Gist ◽  
Pia Daniel ◽  
Andrew Grock ◽  
Chou-jui Lin ◽  
Clarence Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Medical Reserve Corps ◽  
Disaster Exercise

AbstractIntroductionThe Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) is a national network of community-based volunteer groups created in 2002 by the Office of the United States Surgeon General (Rockville, Maryland USA) to augment the nation’s ability to respond to medical and public health emergencies. However, there is little evidence-based literature available to guide hospitals on the optimal use of medical volunteers and hesitancy on the part of hospitals to use them.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study sought to determine how MRC volunteers can be used in hospital-based disasters through their participation in a full-scale exercise.MethodsA full-scale exercise was designed as a “Disaster Olympics,” in which the Emergency Medicine residents were divided into teams tasked with completing one of the following five challenges: victim decontamination, mass casualty/decontamination tent assembly, patient triage and registration during a disaster, point of distribution (POD) site set-up and operation, and infection control management. A surge of patients potentially exposed to avian influenza was the scenario created for the latter three challenges. Some MRC volunteers were assigned clinical roles. These roles included serving as members of the suit support team for victim decontamination, distributing medications at the POD, and managing infection control. Other MRC volunteers functioned as “victim evaluators,” who portrayed the potential avian influenza victims while simultaneously evaluating various aspects of the disaster response. The MRC volunteers provided feedback on their experience and evaluators provided feedback on the performance of the MRC volunteers using evaluation tools.ResultsTwenty-eight (90%) MRC volunteers reported that they worked well with the residents and hospital staff, felt the exercise was useful, and were assigned clearly defined roles. However, only 21 (67%) reported that their qualifications were assessed prior to role assignment. For those MRC members who functioned as “victim evaluators,” nine identified errors in aspects of the care they received and the disaster response. Of those who evaluated the MRC, nine (90%) felt that the MRC worked well with the residents and hospital staff. Ten (100%) of these evaluators recommended that MRC volunteers participate in future disaster exercises.ConclusionThrough use of a full-scale exercise, this study was able to identify roles for MRC volunteers in a hospital-based disaster. This study also found MRC volunteers to be uniquely qualified to serve as “victim evaluators” in a hospital-based disaster exercise.GistR, DanielP, GrockA, LinC, BryantC, KohlhoffS, RoblinP, ArquillaB. Use of Medical Reserve Corps volunteers in a hospital-based disaster exercise. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):259–262.

Mass-casualty Response to the Kiss Nightclub in Santa Maria, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana T. Dal Ponte ◽  
Carlos F. D. Dornelles ◽  
Bonnie Arquilla ◽  
Christina Bloem ◽  
Patricia Roblin
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
The State ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Santa Maria

AbstractOn January 27, 2013, a fire at the Kiss Nightclub in Santa Maria, Brazil led to a mass-casualty incident affecting hundreds of college students. A total of 234 people died on scene, 145 were hospitalized, and another 623 people received treatment throughout the first week following the incident.1 Eight of the hospitalized people later died.1 The Military Police were the first on scene, followed by the state fire department, and then the municipal Mobile Prehospital Assistance (SAMU) ambulances. The number of victims was not communicated clearly to the various units arriving on scene, leading to insufficient rescue personnel and equipment. Incident command was established on scene, but the rescuers and police were still unable to control the chaos of multiple bystanders attempting to assist in the rescue efforts. The Municipal Sports Center (CDM) was designated as the location for dead bodies, where victim identification and communication with families occurred, as well as forensic evaluation, which determined the primary cause of death to be asphyxia. A command center was established at the Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo (HCAA) in Santa Maria to direct where patients should be admitted, recruit staff, and procure additional supplies, as needed. The victims suffered primarily from smoke inhalation and many required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. There was a shortage of ventilators; therefore, some had to be borrowed from local hospitals, neighboring cities, and distant areas in the state. A total of 54 patients1 were transferred to hospitals in the capital city of Porto Alegre (Brazil). The main issues with the response to the fire were scene control and communication. Areas for improvement were identified, namely the establishment of a disaster-response plan, as well as regularly scheduled training in disaster preparedness/response. These activities are the first steps to improving mass-casualty responses.Dal PonteST, DornellesCFD, ArquillaB, BloemC, RoblinP. Mass-casualty response to the Kiss Nightclub in Santa Maria, Brazil. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):1-4.

scholarly journals (A145) Simulation for the Assessment and Optimization of Medical Disaster Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s41-s42
Author(s):  
E.L. Dhondt ◽  
F. Van utterbeek ◽  
C. Ullrich ◽  
M. Debacker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Optimization ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Medical Response

BackgroundThe ultimate goal of medical disaster management must be to predictably orchestrate transition from “standard of care” to “sufficiency of care” using evidence-based methods. However, neither descriptive reports of disaster responses nor epidemiological studies investigating disaster risk factors have been able to provide validated outcome measures as to what constitutes a “good” disaster response. Moreover, it either has been considered impossible, ethically inappropriate, or both, to identify experimental and control groups essential for hypothesis testing for the conduct of scientific randomized controlled clinical trials.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify a number of performance and outcome indicators and define optimal disaster response and management decision-making for various disaster scenarios using simulation optimization.Methods and ResultsA system model of medical disaster management was designed, and victim models and performance and outcome indicators were developed. Various mass-casualty and large-scale disaster scenarios were developed, including: (1) a hospital emergency incident/disaster; (2) a CBRNE incident; (3) an airplane crash and airport disaster; (4) a mass gathering; and (5) a military battlefield mass casualty. Using “Discrete Event Driven Simulation”, multiple replications were made for different decision-making modalities, different resource allocations, and different disaster response procedures. Statistical analysis and optimization techniques were applied to achieve the best available setting of parameters of the simulation model. In such a way, the “Medical Disaster Management Simulator” runs the “missing experimental studies” in a simplified artificial simulated disaster environment.ConclusionsSimulation optimization is an adequate tool for judging and evaluating the effectiveness and adequacy of health and relief services provided during disaster medical response. Evidence-based recommendations and codes of best practice were formulated for optimal medical disaster and military battlefield management in different large-scale event scenarios as well as for teaching, training, and research in medical disaster management.

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