Cultures of Migration and Conflict in Contemporary Human Mobility in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Jeffrey H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
Continuous Population ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The One ◽  
Migration Propensity

We approach Turkish mobility using a culture of migration perspective with reference to conflict. Conflicts are defined broadly into an array of situations including minor disputes, tensions or latent conflicts on the one hand and major violent events on the other. These situations, defined along a security continuum shape individual perceptions. Increasing perceptions of human insecurity are positively correlated to a rise in migration propensity. Applied to Turkey’s international migration history we note that major conflicts have determined inflows and outflows of populations and created a Turkish culture of migration, which reinforces continuous population flows between countries of destination and origin. Migration flows between Germany and Turkey are exemplary in this regard.

Eternal Guests, Mimics, and Dönme: The Place of German and Turkish Jews in Modern Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kader Konuk
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The One ◽  
European Civilization

AbstractThe place of Jews was highly ambiguous in the newly founded Turkish Republic: In 1928 an assimilationist campaign was launched against Turkish Jews, while only a few years later, in 1933, German scholars—many of them Jewish—were taken in so as to help Europeanize the nation. Turkish authorities regarded the emigrants as representatives of European civilization and appointed scholars like Erich Auerbach to prestigious academic positions that were vital for redefining the humanities in Turkey. This article explores the country's twofold assimilationist policies. On the one hand, Turkey required of its citizens—regardless of ethnic or religious origins—that they conform to a unified Turkish culture; on the other hand, an equally assimilationist modernization project was designed to achieve cultural recognition from the heart of Europe. By linking historical and contemporary discourses, this article shows how tropes of Jewishness have played—and continue to play—a critical role in the conception of Turkish nationhood. The status of Erich Auerbach, Chair of the Faculty for Western Languages and Literatures at İstanbul University from 1936 to 1947, is central to this investigation into the place of Turkish and German Jews in modern Turkey.

On the quality of outsourced interpreting services in criminal courts in Spain

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Vigier-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Cultural Services ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Migration Flows

Abstract Globalisation, cross-border human mobility and international migration flows have prompted cross-linguistic and cross-cultural services (e.g. translation and interpreting) in all spheres of current societies, including a sector as sensitive as justice. In Spain, as in many other countries, in the last two decades, despite fierce criticism from practitioners and academics, there has been a trend for the authorities to meet these needs by outsourcing these services to private companies rather than hiring qualified professionals individually, on the grounds that this system allows for cheaper and more efficient services. This article presents the most relevant results of a research project based on the analysis of a corpus of authentic interpreter-mediated criminal proceedings, the first project of this kind in Spain. After briefly explaining how the project was carried out and how the corpus was transcribed, annotated and analysed, special attention is paid to the findings in relation to the interpreters’ performance in terms of fidelity and accuracy, and some illustrative examples are provided. The aim is to address the quality of outsourced interpreting services in Spanish criminal courts as well as to indicate areas for improvement.

scholarly journals Cyclical impact of regional attractiveness characteristics on migration flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kurushina ◽  
Mikhail B. Petrov ◽  
Irina V. Druzhinina
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The One ◽  
Apply Regression Analysis

Achieving strategic goals of the spatial development implies improving the living en vironment for the population, increasing its mobility on the one hand and concentration in pro spective centres of the economic growth on the other. The paper studies the migration behaviour with the use of coefficients of the mechanical growth rate of the population in conditions of the varying attractiveness of the Russian regions, which depends on stages of economic cycle. The methodological basis of the research comprises spatial economics, content theories of motiva tion, theory of population migration, and theory of economic cycles. The research uses the sta tistics of the socioeconomic development of 83 subjects of the Russian Federation for the period of 2005–2017 that corresponds to the declining phase of the long half-wave. To investigate the influence of regional attractiveness factors on the intensity of migration flow the authors apply regression analysis methods. The spatial regression models are built for each year of the studied period using the IBM SPSS Statistics. The dynamics analysis of the coefficients of migration growth during the period of the long half-wave reveals two short-term cycles, one lasting from 2005 to 2010 and the other continuing from 2010 to 2015. The findings indicate that indicators tend to converge in the descending phase of the short-term cycle and, au contraire, to diverge in the ascending phase across regions. Based on the dynamics of elasticity coefficients of the migra tion growth, the authors identify regions’ characteristics, which increase their influence on the intensity of migration flow in the ascending phase and decrease it in the descending phase of the short-term cycle. Obtained quantitative estimates of the cyclical effects of territories’ attrac tiveness characteristics may promote the efficiency of measures for controlling migration flows.

Voluntary International Migration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Money ◽  
Sara S. Kazemian ◽  
Timothy W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Dividing Line

Although migration has been a human phenomenon from time immemorial, international migration in the contemporary sense is usually dated from the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), which created a state system and the concept of state sovereignty with the associated power to control borders. Migration is usually divided into two categories, “forced” and “voluntary.” This is a useful dividing line, even though it is widely acknowledged that migrants have multiple reasons for moving and that there is often no clear dividing line to distinguish “forced” versus “voluntary” migrants. This article covers only voluntary international migration, both short term and long term. It does not cover the research on forced migration flows (refugees and asylum seekers) as defined in the United Nations Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (1951 and 1967). International migration—defined as individuals living outside their country of origin for more than one year—remains the exception rather than the rule. The decline of transportation and communication costs has increased human mobility, with international travel expanding exponentially since the Second World War. Although the absolute number of migrants continues to increase, as a proportion of the population, international migration has remained relatively stable, running around 3 percent of the global population. International migrants travel in all directions, with at least half moving within the Global South. However, the distribution of international migrants is not uniform; typically migrants move from poorer, more unstable states to wealthier, more stable states. And international migration has become a salient political issue virtually everywhere: in receiving societies, in sending societies, and even in transit societies. So a bibliographical article on the various dimensions of international migration is timely. In this second edition, updated through June 2019, the citations in each section have expanded and sections have been added to reflect the breadth and depth of contemporary research. Subsequent to the overview of international migration and migration processes, the literature is organized around six themes: the economic consequences of immigration; immigration control and enforcement; specific migration flows; immigrant incorporation; migration governance, including migrant rights; and linkages between international migration and other international issues, such as security, trade, aid, and development. This article reflects scholarship on international migration produced in the Global North and/or published in globally prominent scholarly journals. Additional resources, in regional or national journals and books, are often referenced in the articles and books cited in this bibliography.

scholarly journals Psychological obstacles to multiculturalism: how stereotypes and mechanisms of defence may cause adverse behaviours to multiculturalism.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Guido Amoretti
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human History ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
The World ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The One ◽  
Advanced Development

Abstract Migration flows are part of human history. The process of globalization, if on the one hand it seems to favour the movement of human beings, on the other hand it is creating the conditions for the recovery of migratory flows, especially within some areas of the world and, in part, directed towards advanced development countries. This creates problems of acceptance on the part of the host with respect to the customs and habits of the guest. Resistance to reception, used for political ends by populist parties, has deep roots that have to do with psychological and social factors: defence mechanisms, stereotypes and prejudices. The article stresses the importance of training in overcoming these obstacles to building a society that is first multicultural and then intercultural.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
William Chiaromonte
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The One

Abstract This chapter presents the main characteristics of the Italian social security system, on the one hand, and Italian migration history and key policy developments, on the other hand, in order to analyze the principal eligibility conditions for accessing social benefits (unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources) for national residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.

scholarly journals Foggy Diaspora: Romanian Women in Eastern Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Annemarie Sorescu-Marinković
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The One

Abstract Drawing on ethnographic and anthropological research on the Romanian communities in Eastern Serbia, this article seeks to contribute to the global scholarship on diaspora and migration. It reveals interesting differences between the well defined and intensely studied notion of “diaspora” on the one hand, and the understudied, but useful concept of “near diaspora” on the other. First, the presence of Romanians in Eastern Serbia is looked at from a gender perspective, in the wider context of feminization of international migration. Second, the paper argues that the Romanian women in Eastern Serbia adopt the strategy of living in the “social fog”, thus becoming what can be termed “foggy diaspora”.

scholarly journals Desafios do encontro entre migrantes e comunidades cristãs: reflexões sobre situações de vulnerabilidade

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Lussi
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Migration Flows

A intensificação dos fluxos de migrações internacionais, em muitasIgrejas locais, vem acompanhada de esforços para promover e sustentar ações de assistência em situações de vulnerabilidade humana, social e jurídica. A categoria da vulnerabilidade entendida como possibilidade de ser ferido (ou de ferir) ajuda a interpretar os desafios que os sujeitos em situação de mobilidade humana atravessam. As comunidades cristãs de chegada dos fluxos igualmente enfrentam desafios nos processos relativos à presença de migrantes e à reinvenção das relações e das práticas de vida cristã, interpeladas pelo fenômeno da mobilidade humana. O artigo propõe reflexões em perspectiva missionária.Palavras-Chave: Protagonismo. Vulnerabilidade. Eclesiologia. Migrantes.Abstract: The intensification of international migration flows in many local Churches is accompanied by efforts to promote and sustain actions of assistance to people in situations of human, social and legal vulnerability. The category of vulnerability includes the possibility of being hurt (or hurting) and helps to interpret the challenges faced by individuals in a situation of human mobility. The Christian communities of arrival of the flows also have to handle with challenges in the processes related to the presence of migrants and the reinvention of the relations and practices of Christian life, called by the phenomenon of human mobility. The article proposes reflections in a missionary perspective.Keywords: Protagonism. Vulnerability. Ecclesiology. Migrants.

scholarly journals Can Boko Haram Constitute a Threat to European Security?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Gábor Sinkó ◽  
Tibor Babos
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
European Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The One ◽  
Soft Targets

In this study, the authors seek to address the question whether Boko Haram can constitute a threat to European security. Toanswer this question, one mustanalyse recent Nigerian migration patterns to Italy, actual reports, peer-reviewed academic works, a wide variety of regional journals and media articles. By evaluating all available research sources, it can be concluded that the answer is not as clear-cut as one might thinkat first glance. On the one hand, we could argue that a terrorist group like Boko Haram cannot constitute a serious European security threat, since the majority of Nigerians arriving in Europe seems to have decided to flee their country of origin due to economic, social and security reasons, therefore, these migrants have nothing to do with terrorism. On the other hand, we could also argue that Boko Haram can pose a threat to European security, by taking advantage of migration flows and inserting its own soldiers, thus creating terrorist cells within them. We have found plenty of evidences related to the terrorist organisation’s increased use of women as soft targets and the potential re-radicalisation of traumatised children in Europe. Since its alignment with ISIL in 2015, there has been growing concern that Boko Haram could follow suit with focusing its efforts on refugees, infiltrating migration flows and thereby creating a significant security risk to Europe. However, in recent years the number of Nigerian migrants arriving in Europe has been decreasing, which could be justified by tighter links between African and European governments and by stronger European control. If this continuous cooperation and tight internal European border security andpolice procedures are to remain, there is less chance for Boko Haram to constitute a threat to European security.

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