scholarly journals Advertising and U. S. Nonalcoholic Beverage Demand

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Zheng ◽  
Harry M. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonalcoholic Beverages ◽  
Fluid Milk

As a first effort at modeling nonalcoholic beverage demand in a systemwide framework that includes bottled water, this article examines the impact of advertising on the demand for nonalcoholic beverages in the United States. We employed an AIDS (almost ideal demand system) model of five jointly estimated equations that included advertising expenditures as explanatory variables to evaluate annual U. S. consumption of nonalcoholic beverages for 1974 through 2005. Results suggest that advertising increases demand for fluid milk, soft drinks, and coffee and tea, but not for juice or bottled water. Advertising spillover effects occur in over 50 percent of the cases considered, and such effects can be substantial, particularly for advertising of soft drinks, and coffee and tea. We find that a large increase in the retail price of fluid milk, an increasing trend towards dining out, and positive spillover effects from soft-drink advertising made significant contributions to bottled water's success in recent years.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF SHARE OF VISUAL INVENTORY USING STORE DISPLAY, CHANNEL, AND PRODUCT VARIABLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (No.1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Avil Terrance Saldanha ◽  
Rajendra Desai ◽  
Rekha Aranha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
National Income ◽  
Product Category ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Product

The purpose of this study is to predict the share of visual inventory (SOVI), which is defined as the number of stock-keeping units (SKUs) of a company’s products, calculated as a percentage of the total SKUs on the display of all products. Research studies in the past have focused mainly on the impact of inventory, which includes back end and visual inventory, on sales but less attention has been given to the impact of SOVI on sales. To address this research gap, this study attempted to create an analytics model to predict SOVI at the category of soft drinks level using four predictor variables namely point of purchase display, channel/sub-channel, package group, product category, and derived variable gross national income (GNI). The results were encouraging confirming the effectiveness of such a model. The researchers utilized a data set collected over a period of 18 months (February 2016 to July 2017) by a soft drink firm headquartered in the United States. Based on the findings, it is suggested that this prediction model can be utilized by other researchers and practitioners to predict SOVI of other soft drinks, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), and food and beverage companies.

scholarly journals Does the Prevalence of Obesity Affect the Demand for Soft Drinks? Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ferretti ◽  
Michele Mariani ◽  
Elena Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of soft drinks on obesity has been widely investigated during the last decades. Conversely, the role of obesity as a factor influencing the demand for soft drinks remains largely unexplored. However, understanding potential changes in the demand for soft drinks, as a result of changes in the spread of obesity, may be useful to better design a comprehensive strategy to curb soft drink consumption. In this paper, we aim to answer the following research question: Does the prevalence of obesity affect the demand for soft drinks? For this purpose, we collected data in a sample of 97 countries worldwide for the period 2005–2019. To deal with problems of reverse causality, an instrumental variable approach and a two-stage least squares method were used to estimate the impact of the age-standardized obesity rate on the market demand for soft drinks. After controlling for several demographic and socio-economic confounding factors, we found that a one percent increase in the prevalence of obesity increases the consumption of soft drinks and carbonated soft drinks by about 2.37 and 1.11 L per person/year, respectively. Our findings corroborate the idea that the development of an obesogenic food environment is a self-sustaining process, in which obesity and unhealthy lifestyles reinforce each other, and further support the need for an integrated approach to curb soft drink consumption by combining sugar taxes with bans, regulations, and nutrition education programs.

scholarly journals Mirroring the zeitgeist: an analysis of CSR policies in the UK’s food, soft drink and packaging industries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Topić ◽  
Gemma Bridge ◽  
Ralph Tench
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Activism ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore changes in corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in food, soft drinks and packaging industries to capture changes in CSR implementation given increased environmental activism. The paper takes an exploratory approach in reviewing CSR policy changes to explore to what extent companies change CSR policies with increased environmentalism. Design/methodology/approach A comparative website analysis was used to analyse CSR policies of companies in the food, soft drinks and packaging industries in the UK. The companies were selected for the analysis based on their annual turnover and 23 companies were analysed (seven for the soft drinks industry, eight for the food industry and eight for packaging industry). Five interviews were conducted with packaging and retail professionals, and the findings were analysed by using thematic analysis, which captured trends in responses. Findings The findings show that companies are implementing and communicating CSR policies heavily focussed on reducing the environmental impact of their work and matching social debates on human rights, with which traditional CSR policies (corporate governance, supporting local communities and consultation with stakeholders) are fading away. Instead, companies have shifted attention towards the gender pay gap, modern slavery and extensive environmentalism. The interviews with packaging professionals and CSR managers from the retail industry show that the packaging industry designs CSR policies in line with requests from supermarkets, which are, in turn, influenced by consumer activism. Practical implications This paper shows the circular relationship between media coverage, consumer activism, which comes as a result, and the impact and changes this brings to the industry. To avoid reputation damage, companies should closely follow media debates to pre-empty consumer criticism and activism. Social implications The findings show that companies are “mirroring the zeitgast” and going with trends to meet consumer expectations, which brings into question the sincerity of CSR policies and revives the criticism of capitalism and raises a question whether CSR is used by companies as a smokescreen that on the outset makes a difference to the society but keeps status quo intact. Originality/value The paper provides an insight into CSR implementation of three industries that faced heavy criticism from campaigners and the general public for their environmental impact. The paper shows how the CSR policy shifted to match this expectation and thus provides a good ground for studying the evolution of CSR using a case study from three selected industries.

Advertisements of Soft Drinks Brands- Impact on Telangana Soft Drink Consumers Preferences

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Babu Kakumanu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
To Come ◽  
Brand Ambassadors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Crucial Part

Advertisements are unavoidable and unseen. Everyone has to come across advertisements in daily life. Soft drinks advertisements are more possessive about their customers and pumping into their possible medium with innovative and creative concepts to reach their customers, since soft drinks emerged as crucial part of meal take in the modern era and is consistent in escalating the growth of industry. The recent growth of soft drinks in Indian market has been enormously projected in all the relevant reports. Though the Indian consumption rate is less than the worlds consumption, it has greater impact on youth drinks. Youths have been pondering their favouritism towards the beverages during all their parties and functions. Telangana youths are aggressive in nature and they are in mood of enjoying their achievement of getting their new state formed from the United Andhra Pradesh. This article is aimed at knowing the impact of advertisements on soft drinks consumers in Telangana State. An attempt has been made to verify the relationship between advertising elements of soft drink brands and demographic characteristics of the customers, the preference of soft drink consumers with respect to brand ambassadors, and also to examine which emotional ad is mostly preferred. Data is collected from 573 Telangana consumers. The techniques like Chi-Square, Lambda, Goodman and Kruskal tau, and Cramers V are used to test association and intensity of the relationship among the variables.

scholarly journals Determinants of access to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a preliminary approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Renata Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Monteiro Marinho ◽  
Marcos Felipe Falcão Sobral ◽  
André de Souza Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The determinants of access to immunizers are still poorly understood, leading to questions about which criteria were considered in this distribution. Given the above, the present study aimed to analyze the determinants of access to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by different countries. Methods The study covered 189 countries using data from different public databases, and collected until February 19, 2021. We used eight explanatory variables: gross domestic product (GDP), extreme poverty, human development index (HDI), life expectancy, median age, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, COVID-19 tests, and COVID-19 deaths. The endogenous variables were total vaccine doses, vaccine doses per thousand, and days of vaccination. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied to establish the causal relationship between the country's COVID-19 impact, socioeconomic variables, and vaccine access. To support SEM, we used confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results We collected the sample on February 19, and to date, 80 countries (42.1%) had already received a batch of immunizers against COVID-19. The countries with first access to the vaccine (e.g., number of days elapsed since they took the first dose) were the United Kingdom (68), China (68), Russia (66), and Israel (62). The countries receiving the highest doses were the United States, China, India, and Israel. The countries with extreme poverty had lower access to vaccines and the richer countries gained priority access. Countries most affected by COVID (deaths and cases) also received immunizers earlier and in greater volumes. Unfortunately, similar to other vaccines, indicators, such as income, poverty, and human development, influence vaccines' access. Thus affecting the population of vulnerable and less protected countries. Therefore, global initiatives for the equitable distribution of COVID need to be discussed and encouraged. Conclusions Determinants of vaccine distribution consider the impact of the disease in the country and are also affected by favorable socioeconomic indicators. The COVID-19 vaccines need to be accessible to all affected countries, regardless of their social hands.

scholarly journals What's the Cost? Measuring the Economic Impact of Pediatric Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin F. Carlton ◽  
Scott L. Weiss ◽  
Hallie C. Prescott ◽  
Lisa A. Prosser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pediatric Sepsis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Sepsis, life-threatening organ dysfunction secondary to infection, hospitalizes nearly 75,000 children each year in the United States. Most children survive sepsis. However, there is increasing recognition of the longer-term consequences of pediatric sepsis hospitalization on both the child and their family, including medical, psychosocial, and financial impacts. Here, we describe family spillover effects (the impact of illness on caregivers) of pediatric sepsis, why measurement of family spillover effects is important, and the ways in which family spillover effects can be measured.

scholarly journals Half-day trading and spillovers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Limin Yu ◽  
Jianhua Gang
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Chinese Stock Market ◽  
Conditional Correlation ◽  
Day Trading ◽  
Market Impacts ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper investigates the linkage of returns and volatilities between the United States and Chinese stock markets from January 2010 to March 2020. We use the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and asymmetric Baba–Engle–Kraft–Kroner (BEKK) GARCH models to calculate the time-varying correlations of these two markets and examine the return and volatility spillover effects between these two markets. The empirical results show that there are only unidirectional return spillovers from the U.S. stock market to the Chinese stock market. The U.S. stock market has a consistently positive spillover to China’s next day’s morning trading, but its impact on China’s next day’s afternoon trading appears to be insignificant. This finding implies that information in the U.S. stock market impacts the performance of the Chinese stock market differently in distinct semi-day trading. Moreover, with respect to the volatility, there are significant bidirectional spillover effects between these two markets.

scholarly journals Attendance in the Canadian Hockey League: The Impact of Winning, Fighting, Uncertainty of Outcome, and Weather on Junior Hockey Attendance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Rodney Paul ◽  
Andrew Weinbach ◽  
Nick Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Team Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome

An attendance model is specified for the Canadian Hockey League (CHL), the top level of junior hockey in Canada with some teams located in the United States. The natural log of attendance is used as the dependent variable, with explanatory variables consisting of the timing of the game, team performance characteristics, uncertainty of outcome measures, and weather-related variables. Weekends and Mondays were the most popular days for games. Winning and fighting were shown to be popular team characteristics that drive attendance. Uncertainty of outcome plays little role, if any, in fan interest at this level, while precipitation significantly reduces attendance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Prices, Advertising, Expenditures, and Demographics on Demand for Nonalcoholic Beverages

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Okrent ◽  
Joanna P. MacEwan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Carbonated Soft Drinks ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
Purchasing Patterns ◽  
Nonalcoholic Beverages

We estimate a demand system for ten nonalcoholic beverages to disentangle effects of prices, expenditures, advertising, and demographics on demand for nonalcoholic beverages for 1999 through 2010. We find that changes in demographic composition of the population between 1999 and 2008 played a much bigger role in observed purchasing patterns for recently introduced beverages like soy, rice, and almond drinks, isotonic and energy drinks, and bottled water whereas changes in prices and advertising expenditures largely explained declining demand for milk, regular carbonated soft drinks, and coffee and tea. However, between 2008 and 2010, declining demand for most nonalcoholic beverages was largely driven by income-led decreases in expenditures.

EXPRESS: Online Training of Salespersons: Impact, Heterogeneity, and Spillover Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110484
Author(s):  
Siddharth Shekhar Singh ◽  
Ravi Sen ◽  
Sharad Borle
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Modules

Data from a field study concerning an online salesperson training program is used to investigate: (1) the overall impact of program participation on sales performance for two kinds of products, Focus and Other (the direct impact); (2) heterogeneity in the impact of program participation across salespersons; and (3) spillover effect of program participation by others in the vicinity on salesperson performance (the indirect impact). The program contains short-duration training modules accessed via an online platform. Salespersons choose whether to take any module, how many modules to take, and when to take them. Results show that while training improved sales performance, the average impact of training on Other product sales was immediate, significant, and positive, and that on Focus product sales was delayed. Further, the impact of training diminishes over time. The authors find significant heterogeneity in the impact of training across salespersons and regions. Finally, the results show a mixed spillover effect of training by peers. There is a positive spillover effect on sales of the focal salesperson with an increase in the total number of trainings taken by peer salespersons, and a negative or no spillover effect with an increase in the number of peer salespersons taking training.

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