Unpacking the role of self-reported compulsivity and impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Prochazkova ◽  
Linden Parkes ◽  
Andrew Dawson ◽  
George Youssef ◽  
Gabriela M. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Final Group

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and demographically matched healthy individuals can be clustered into distinct clinical subtypes based on dimensional measures of their self-reported compulsivity (OBQ–44 and IUS–12) and impulsivity (UPPS–P).MethodsParticipants (n=217) were 103 patients with a clinical diagnosis of OCD; 79 individuals from the community who were “OCD-likely” according to self-report (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Revised scores equal or greater than 21); and 35 healthy controls. All data were collected between 2013 and 2015 using self-report measures that assessed different aspects of compulsivity and impulsivity. Principal component analysis revealed two components broadly representing an individual's level of compulsivity and impulsivity. Unsupervised clustering grouped participants into four subgroups, each representing one part of an orthogonal compulsive-impulsive phenotype.ResultsClustering converged to yield four subgroups: one group low on both compulsivity and impulsivity, comprised mostly of healthy controls and demonstrating the lowest OCD symptom severity; two groups showing roughly equal clinical severity, but with opposing drivers (i.e., high compulsivity and low impulsivity, and vice versa); and a final group high on both compulsivity and impulsivity and recording the highest clinical severity. Notably, the largest cluster of individuals with OCD was characterized by high impulsivity and low compulsivity. Our results suggest thatbothimpulsivity and compulsivity mediate obsessive-compulsive symptomatology.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD can be clustered into distinct subtypes based on measures of compulsivity and impulsivity, with the latter being found to be one of the more defining characteristics of the disorder. These dimensions may serve as viable and novel treatment targets.

scholarly journals Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Long Chen ◽  
Oskar Flygare ◽  
John Wallert ◽  
Jesper Enander ◽  
Volen Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objective: To assess executive functions in patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Adults diagnosed with BDD (n=26) or OCD (n=29) according to DSM-5, and healthy controls (n=28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests; spatial working memory (SWM), Intra- extra dimensional set shifting (IED) and Stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated to standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity were associated with more errors in these tests. Further, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group. Conclusions: Patients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance, however there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EF in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EF between these two disorders.

T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene in Turkish patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şenel Tot ◽  
M. Emin Erdal ◽  
Kemal Yazıcı ◽  
Aylin Ertekin Yazıcı ◽  
Özmen Metin
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
T102c Polymorphism ◽  
Turkish Patients

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the possible association between T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene and susceptibility to and clinical features of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodFifty-eight patients with OCD and 83 healthy controls were included in the study. All patients were interviewed and rated by Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphisms of 5-HT2A receptor gene were determined by PCR technique in DNAs of peripheral leucocytes.ResultsOCD patients and healthy controls did not show significant differences in genotype distribution for both polymorphisms investigated. We found that frequencies of the TT genotype for T102C polymorphism and the AA genotype for –1438 G/A polymorphism were significantly higher in patients with severe OCD compared to those with moderate or moderate–severe OCD.ConclusionThe –1438 G/A and T102C polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene are not associated with an increased risk of OCD. Our data suggest that the TT genotype of T102C and the AA genotype of –1438 G/A polymorphism might be a factor in clinical severity of OCD.

Patterns of Reassurance Seeking and Reassurance-Related Behaviours in OCD and Anxiety Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kobori ◽  
Paul M. Salkovskis
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background: Reassurance seeking is particularly prominent in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may be important in OCD maintenance. Aims: This study used a new self-report questionnaire to measure the range of manifestations of reassurance-seeking behaviours, describing their sources from which they seek, frequency, process (how they seek), and consequences (as opposed to triggers and motivations). This study also attempts to identify the degree to which reassurance is specific to OCD as opposed to panic disorder. Method: Reassurance Seeking Questionnaire (ReSQ) was administered to 153 individuals with OCD, 50 individuals with panic disorder with/without agoraphobia, and 52 healthy controls. The reliability and validity of the measure was evaluated and found to be satisfactory. Results: Reassurance seeking was found to be more frequent in both anxiety disorders relative to healthy controls. Individuals diagnosed with OCD were found to seek reassurance more intensely and carefully, and were more likely to employ “self-reassurance” than the other two groups. Conclusions: Further investigation of reassurance will enable better understanding of its role in the maintenance of anxiety disorders in general and OCD in particular.

Exploring the Role of Dissociation Dimensions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S496-S496
Author(s):  
A. Pozza ◽  
N. Giaquinta ◽  
D. Dèttore
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIn the last decade, accumulating evidence has been produced on the role of dissociation in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Understanding which dissociation dimensions are specific to OCD could suggest the integration of therapeutic strategies for dissociation in the treatment of patients with OCD.ObjectivesThe current study explored the role of dissociation in a sample of patients with OCD, patients with anxiety disorders and healthy controls with the aim to understand which dissociation dimensions could be specific to OCD.MethodOne hundred seventy-one participants were included in the study (56% females, mean age = 35.96, SD = 12.61), of which 52 were patients with primary OCD, 59 were patients with Anxiety Disorders (AD), and 60 were healthy controls. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were administered.ResultsPatients with OCD had significantly higher dissociative amnesia symptoms than patients with AD and health controls (F = 6.08, P < 0.01) and higher depersonalization/derealization symptoms than healthy controls but not than patients with AD. Patients with OCD did not report significantly higher dissociative absorption than healthy controls and patients with AD.ConclusionsStrategies targeting dissociative amnesia and depersonalization/derealization symptoms in OCD are discussed. Future studies should examine which OCD subtypes are more strongly associated to dissociation dimensions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The role of DNA methylation of BDNF gene on clinical severity and cognitive performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S508-S509
Author(s):  
A. Ferrer Albertí ◽  
M. Barrachina ◽  
J. Labad ◽  
N. Salvat-Pujol ◽  
J. Ansede-Bermejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Bdnf Gene ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Social network sites and obsessive-compulsive disorder: An investigation with suppression analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Li Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

This research examined the relationship between social network site (SNS) intensity, SNS addiction, and the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), alongside its factors of obsession and compulsion. The overlap of SNS intensity and SNS addiction was controlled in the study to predict the measured severity of OCD. In this study, 204 Malaysian undergraduate students were recruited to complete the revised Facebook Intensity Scale, the revised Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and the self-report version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The overlap of SNS intensity and SNS addiction was supported by their significant positive correlation. Furthermore, SNS addiction significantly correlated with the measured OCD and its corresponding factors. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the entry of SNS intensity enhanced the facilitative effect of SNS addiction on OCD and its factors. Therefore, the role of SNS intensity as a suppressor was supported. In the same regression model, SNS intensity predicted the severity of OCD and its compulsion subscale negatively. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed in this manuscript.

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Karolina Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Over the past twenty years childhood OCD has received more attention than any other anxiety disorder that occurs in the childhood. The increasing interest and research in this area have led to increasing number of diagnoses of OCD in children and adolescents, which affects both specialists and teachers. Depending on the severity of symptoms OCD has a detrimental effect upon child's school performance, which can lead almost to the impossibility to concentrate on school and associated duties. This article is devoted to the obsessive-compulsive disorder and its specifics in children, focusing on the impact of this disorder on behaviour, experience and performance of the child in the school environment. It mentions how important is the role of the teacher in whose class the pupil with this diagnosis is and it points out that it is necessary to increase teachers' competence to identify children with OCD symptoms, to take the disease into the account, to adapt the course of teaching and to introduce such measures that could help children reduce the anxiety and maintain (or increase) the school performance within and in accordance with the school regulations and curriculum.

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