scholarly journals Automatic generation of lexica for sentiment polarity shifters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Schulder ◽  
Michael Wiegand ◽  
Josef Ruppenhofer
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Human Language ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Annotation Costs ◽  
Polarity Classification ◽  
Semantic Resources

Abstract Alleviating pain is good and abandoning hope is bad. We instinctively understand how words like alleviate and abandon affect the polarity of a phrase, inverting or weakening it. When these words are content words, such as verbs, nouns, and adjectives, we refer to them as polarity shifters. Shifters are a frequent occurrence in human language and an important part of successfully modeling negation in sentiment analysis; yet research on negation modeling has focused almost exclusively on a small handful of closed-class negation words, such as not, no, and without. A major reason for this is that shifters are far more lexically diverse than negation words, but no resources exist to help identify them. We seek to remedy this lack of shifter resources by introducing a large lexicon of polarity shifters that covers English verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Creating the lexicon entirely by hand would be prohibitively expensive. Instead, we develop a bootstrapping approach that combines automatic classification with human verification to ensure the high quality of our lexicon while reducing annotation costs by over 70%. Our approach leverages a number of linguistic insights; while some features are based on textual patterns, others use semantic resources or syntactic relatedness. The created lexicon is evaluated both on a polarity shifter gold standard and on a polarity classification task.

scholarly journals Critical analysis of the drafting of physical therapy randomized controlled trials published in Portuguese

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
Ercole da Cruz Rubini ◽  
Fabio Dutra Pereira ◽  
Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior ◽  
Patricia Zaidan ◽  
Cintia Pereira de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Methodological Procedures

Abstract Introduction: randomized controlled trials are high quality studies. Many problems related to the drafting of these studies have been identified and consequently various national and international journals, in an attempt to improve this writing, have adopted the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials recommendations. Regarding the studies written specifically by physical therapists, until now, the quality of the drafting in Portuguese has been unknown. Aim: To critically analyze the drafting of RCTs in the area of physical therapy, published in Portuguese, in relation to the CONSORT recommendations. Materials and Methods: On 17th Oct, 2012, 548 RCTs in Portuguese were recovered from the MEDLINE and PEDro databases, which were divided among four evaluators who, after reading the abstracts, selected those related to physical therapy. Of these studies, 78 RCTs were related to physical therapy, which were divided among the four evaluators for the analysis of the drafting according to the CONSORT recommendations. The four evaluators who participated in this study previously obtained a median kappa above 70% when their analyses were compared to the analyses of the evaluator considered the gold standard due to having greater experience. Results: The quantity of items of the CONSORT recommendations according to year of publication was very small, corresponding to a mean of 43% of the items in the articles analyzed. Conclusion: The results make very clear the need to improve the quality of the drafting of the RCTs related to physical therapy in Portuguese and to include more rigorous methodological procedures, such as sample size, randomization and blinding. The dissemination and adoption of the CONSORT recommendations by physical therapy researchers would, without doubt, be a big step towards improving this quality.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC GRAPH BASED TERM EXPANSION FOR SENTENCE-LEVEL SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 647-655
Author(s):  
Mohammed Maree ◽  
Mujahed Eleyat
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Negative Sentence ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Semantic Orientation

The semantic orientation (also referred to as prior polarity) of a word plays an important role in automatic sentence-level sentiment analysis. Several approaches have been proposed wherein a lexicon of words marked with their polarities is exploited to infer the meaning of sentences. However, relying on prior word polarity may produce inaccurate decisions. This is because we may find negative-sentence sentiments that include words with positive prior polarities or vice versa. In this article, we propose an approach to sentence-level sentiment analysis that exploits knowledge encoded in heavy-weight semantic graphs to assist in discovering the meaning of a word in the context of the sentence where it appears. In this context, we build contextual semantic networks for indexing sentences and expand them with semantically/lexically-relevant terms in an attempt to disambiguate the meanings of word mentions in sentences. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we have developed a prototype system using a real-world dataset that contains 46830 sentiment sentences along with a gold-standard that comprises 10000 movie reviews that are labelled under five sentiment categories (very negative, negative, neutral, positive, very positive). Findings indicate that enriching the semantic graphs of sentiment sentences with NOUN-based synonyms and hypernyms has improved the overall quality of baseline sentiment analysis techniques.

scholarly journals Can editors protect peer review from bad reviewers?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael D'Andrea ◽  
James P O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current Form ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Editorial Strategies ◽  
Published Research

Peer review is the gold standard for scientific communication, but its ability to guarantee the quality of published research remains difficult to verify. Recent modeling studies suggest that peer review is sensitive to reviewer misbehavior, and it has been claimed that referees who sabotage work they perceive as competition may severely undermine the quality of publications. Here we examine which aspects of suboptimal reviewing practices most strongly impact quality, and test different mitigating strategies that editors may employ to counter them. We find that the biggest hazard to the quality of published literature is not selfish rejection of high-quality manuscripts but indifferent acceptance of low-quality ones. Blacklisting bad reviewers and consulting additional reviewers to settle disagreements can reduce but not eliminate the impact. The other editorial strategies we tested do not significantly improve quality, but pairing manuscripts to reviewers unlikely to selfishly reject them and allowing revision of rejected manuscripts minimize rejection of above-average manuscripts. In its current form, peer review offers few incentives for impartial reviewing efforts. Editors can help, but structural changes are more likely to have a stronger impact.

scholarly journals Can editors protect peer review from bad reviewers?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael D'Andrea ◽  
James P O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current Form ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Editorial Strategies ◽  
Published Research

Peer review is the gold standard for scientific communication, but its ability to guarantee the quality of published research remains difficult to verify. Recent modeling studies suggest that peer review is sensitive to reviewer misbehavior, and it has been claimed that referees who sabotage work they perceive as competition may severely undermine the quality of publications. Here we examine which aspects of suboptimal reviewing practices most strongly impact quality, and test different mitigating strategies that editors may employ to counter them. We find that the biggest hazard to the quality of published literature is not selfish rejection of high-quality manuscripts but indifferent acceptance of low-quality ones. Blacklisting bad reviewers and consulting additional reviewers to settle disagreements can reduce but not eliminate the impact. The other editorial strategies we tested do not significantly improve quality, but pairing manuscripts to reviewers unlikely to selfishly reject them and allowing revision of rejected manuscripts minimize rejection of above-average manuscripts. In its current form, peer review offers few incentives for disinterested reviewing efforts. Editors can help, but structural changes are more likely to have a stronger impact.

Automatic generation of a large dictionary with concreteness/abstractness ratings based on a small human dictionary

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanov ◽  
Valery Solovyev
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
Expert Ratings

Concrete/abstract words are used in a growing number of psychological and neurophysiological research. For a few languages, large dictionaries have been created manually. This is a very time-consuming and costly process. To generate large high-quality dictionaries of concrete/abstract words automatically one needs extrapolating the expert assessments obtained on smaller samples. The research question that arises is how small such samples should be to do a good enough extrapolation. In this paper, we present a method for automatic ranking concreteness of words and propose an approach to significantly decrease amount of expert assessment. The method has been evaluated on a large test set for English. The quality of the constructed dictionaries is comparable to the expert ones. The correlation between predicted and expert ratings is higher comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals All-words Word Sense Disambiguation for Russian Using Automatically Generated Text Collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
Bolshina Angelina ◽  
Natalia Loukachevitch
Keyword(s):  
Word Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Polysemous Words

AbstractThe limited amount of the sense annotated data is a big challenge for the word sense disambiguation task. As a solution to this problem, we propose an algorithm of automatic generation and labelling of the training collections based on the monosemous relatives concept. In this article we explore the limits of this algorithm: we employ it to harvest training collections for all ambiguous nouns, verbs and adjectives presented in RuWordNet thesaurus and then evaluate the quality of the obtained collections. We demonstrate that our approach can create high-quality labelled collections with almost full-coverage of the RuWordNet polysemous words. Furthermore, we show that our method can be applied to the Word-in-Context task.

scholarly journals A framework for enriching lexical semantic resources with distributional semantics

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS BIEMANN ◽  
STEFANO FARALLI ◽  
ALEXANDER PANCHENKO ◽  
SIMONE PAOLO PONZETTO
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Word Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Semantic Resources

AbstractWe present an approach to combining distributional semantic representations induced from text corpora with manually constructed lexical semantic networks. While both kinds of semantic resources are available with high lexical coverage, our aligned resource combines the domain specificity and availability of contextual information from distributional models with the conciseness and high quality of manually crafted lexical networks. We start with a distributional representation of induced senses of vocabulary terms, which are accompanied with rich context information given by related lexical items. We then automatically disambiguate such representations to obtain a full-fledged proto-conceptualization, i.e. a typed graph of induced word senses. In a final step, this proto-conceptualization is aligned to a lexical ontology, resulting in a hybrid aligned resource. Moreover, unmapped induced senses are associated with a semantic type in order to connect them to the core resource. Manual evaluations against ground-truth judgments for different stages of our method as well as an extrinsic evaluation on a knowledge-based Word Sense Disambiguation benchmark all indicate the high quality of the new hybrid resource. Additionally, we show the benefits of enriching top-down lexical knowledge resources with bottom-up distributional information from text for addressing high-end knowledge acquisition tasks such as cleaning hypernym graphs and learning taxonomies from scratch.

SP5.1.10 Quality of endoscopy reporting in newly diagnosed oesophageal cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cunningham ◽  
Khurram Khan ◽  
Lewis Gall ◽  
Carol Craig
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Upper Gi

Abstract Aims The gold standard for diagnosing oesophageal cancer is gastroscopy (OGD). It is essential that the index OGD report is of a high quality to enable effective communication and facilitate appropriate management decisions by the multidisciplinary team (MDT). This study aimed to analyse the quality of index OGD reports in patients with newly diagnosed oesophageal cancer. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all newly diagnosed oesophageal cancers registered in a UK Regional Upper GI MDT between October 2019 and September 2020. The index OGD reports were assessed for documentation of 11 previously published quality indicators (QIs) (including proximal and distal margins, level and involvement of oesophago-gastric junction and presence of Barrett’s) and compared by endoscopist grade and parent speciality. Results A total of 243 new oesophageal cancers were diagnosed by 86 individual endoscopists. Mean patient age was 69.9 ± 11.2 years and 168 (69.1%) were male. 60 (24.7%) had impassable cancers. Overall, the median total QIs recorded for passable cancers were 7 (IQR 6-8). No report included all QIs. 30 (17.1%) reports were of “good quality” (≥9 QIs). Non consultant grade were more likely to record perfoming retroflexion (82.7 vs 69.0%, p = 0.039). Non surgeons were more likely to take photos (80.8 vs 64.5%, p = 0.015), document Barrett’s (29.3 vs 11.8%, p = 0.006) and to record an overall greater number of QIs (median 8 vs 7, p = 0.011). Conclusions Current endoscopy reporting standards of new oesophageal cancers are suboptimal. Further endoscopist education is required to highlight essential QIs and ensure good quality OGD reporting.

Influence of technology parameters of free-cutting steel continuous casting on the billet internal structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Kunakbaeva ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast

Free-cutting steel gains specific working properties thanks to the high content of sulfur and phosphorus. These elements, especially sulfur, have a rather high tendency to segregation. Therefore, segregation defects in free-cutting steel continuously cast billets can be significantly developed. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the chemical composition of freecutting steel and casting technological parameters on the quality of the macrostructure of continuously cast billets. A metallographic assessment of the internal structure of cast metal made of free-cutting steel and data processing by application of correlation and regression analysis were the research methods. The array of production data of 43 heats of free-cutting steel of grade A12 was studied. Steel casting on a five-strand radial type continuous casting machine was carried out by various methods of metal pouring from tundish into the molds. Metal of 19 heats was poured with an open stream, and 24 heats – by a closed stream through submerged nozzles with a vertical hole. High-quality billets had a cross-sectional size of 150×150 mm. The macrostructure of high-quality square billets made of free-cutting steel of A12 grade is characterized by the presence of central porosity, axial segregation and peripheral point contamination, the degree of development of which was in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 points, segregation cracks and strips – about 1.0 points. In the course of casting with an open stream, almost all of these defects are more developed comparing with the casting by a closed stream. As a result of correlation and regression analysis, linear dependences of the development degree of segregation cracks and strips both axial and angular on the sulfur content in steel and on the ratio of manganese content to sulfur content were established. The degree of these defects development increases with growing of sulfur content in steel of A12 grade. These defects had especially strong development when sulfur content in steel was of more than 0.10%. To improve the quality of cast metal, it is necessary to have the ratio of the manganese content to the sulfur content in the metal more than eight.

Experience of clinical testing of personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients in intensive care units

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Eryomenko ◽  
N. V. Rostunova ◽  
S. A. Budagyan ◽  
V. V. Stets
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Transportation Of Patients ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Hospital Equipment

The experience of clinical testing of the personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients at the intensive care units of leading Russian clinics is described. The high quality of communication with the remote receiving devices of doctors, the accuracy of measurements, resistance to interference from various hospital equipment and the absence of its own impact on such equipment were confirmed. There are significant advantages compared to stationary patient monitors, in particular, for intra and out-of-hospital transportation of patients.

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