Group Treatment of Perceived Stigma and Self-Esteem in Schizophrenia: A Waiting List Trial of Efficacy

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. D. Knight ◽  
Til Wykes ◽  
Peter Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Variable Success ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

The experience of stigma by individuals with schizophrenia can impact on self-esteem and potential for recovery. Previous attempts to reduce stigma within society have reported variable success. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a therapeutic intervention for those who perceive themselves as stigmatized by their mental illness and who suffer low self-esteem. A waiting-list control design with repeated measures within participants was used. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by a principal outcome measure of self-esteem. Ancillary outcome measures included a measure of perceived stigmatization, and two symptom measures. Assessments were completed on four occasions, which covered a waiting list period, a treatment period and a follow-up. All participants (N = 21) received group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) focused on stigma and self-esteem. Self-esteem improved significantly following treatment. Levels of depression, positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and general levels of psychopathology decreased significantly. A longer-term effect was found for positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and general levels of psychopathology. Participant feedback was predominantly positive. In addition to societal interventions, the potential for limiting the effects of stigma within a therapeutic context should be investigated.

Durability of the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tarrier ◽  
Anja Witttkowskj ◽  
Caroline Kinney ◽  
Eilis McCarthy ◽  
Juue Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Supportive Counselling ◽  
One Year

BackgroundPersistent drug-resistant psychotic symptoms are a pervasive problem in the treatment of schizophrenia.AimsTo evaluate the durability of the treatment effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic schizophrenia one year after treatment termination.MethodA comparison of clinical outcomes was made at one-year follow-up from a randomised trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy, supportive counselling and routine care alone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia.ResultsSeventy out of the 72 patients (97%) who completed treatment were assessed at follow-up. There were significant differences between the three groups when positive and negative symptoms were analysed by means of ANCOVAs. Between-group comparisons indicated significant differences between cognitive–behavioural therapy and routine care at follow-up for positive symptoms. There was a trend towards significance for both cognitive–behavioural therapy and supportive counselling to be superior to routine care alone on negative symptoms.ConclusionsAt 12-month follow-up the significant advantage of cognitive– behavioural therapy compared to routine care alone remained.

scholarly journals One-day cognitive–behavioural therapy self-confidence workshops for people with depression: randomised controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Horrell ◽  
Kimberley A. Goldsmith ◽  
André T. Tylee ◽  
Ulrike H. Schmidt ◽  
Caroline L. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundDespite its high prevalence, help-seeking for depression is low.AimsTo assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 1-day cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) self-confidence workshops in reducing depression. Anxiety, self-esteem, prognostic indicators as well as access were also assessed.MethodAn open randomised controlled trial (RCT) waiting list control design with 12-week follow-up was used (trial registration: ISRCTN26634837). A total of 459 adult participants with depression (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of 14) self-referred and 382 participants (83%) were followed up.ResultsAt follow-up, experimental and control participants differed significantly on the BDI, with an effect size of 0.55. Anxiety and self-esteem also differed. Of those who participated, 25% were GP non-consulters and 32% were from Black and minority ethnic groups. Women benefited more than men on depression scores. The intervention has a 90% chance of being considered cost-effective if a depression-free day is valued at £14.ConclusionsSelf-confidence workshops appear promising in terms of clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and access by difficult-to-engage groups.

scholarly journals An evaluation of a manualised group self-esteem programme for Anorexia Nervosa patients regaining weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Biney ◽  
Matt Hutt ◽  
Rachel Matthews ◽  
Hubert Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Uk

Low self-esteem has been identified as a strong predictor of onset, maintenance and relapse in eating disorders. This suggests that treatment directly addressing low self-esteem might improve recovery. The Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) based group for low self-esteem is a six session manualised programme based on Melanie Fennel’s model for low self-esteem. It was developed at Newbridge House, a child and adolescent eating disorder inpatient unit in the UK. Although the use of CBT for low self-esteem is established in adult services, the Newbridge programme, adapting the same principles for children and adolescents, is to our knowledge, the first of its kind. This paper reports a service evaluation (N=63) which examines the efficacy of this group in improving low self-esteem for 12-17 year olds with a primary diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Paired-samples t-tests compared the differences in pre- to post-group and post-group to follow-up. Results indicate significant improvements in self-esteem as shown by improvements on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, which are maintained at follow-up. This highlights that group manualised CBT for low self-esteem is effective for young people with AN and indicates the need for future controlled studies.

Depression, Anxiety and Self-esteem: A Clinical Field Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A. Nisbet Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

AbstractThe Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Group Program at Central Coast Mental Health Specialty Clinics includes treatments for generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and depression. This study provides empirical validation for hypotheses developed in clinical controlled studies; that is, that cognitive-behaviour therapy provided benefits in the treatment of anxiety and depression in a service setting. This would be reflected in decreases in the symptoms of anxiety and depression and increased self-esteem. Participants (N = 139) were referred to Specialty Clinics, Central Coast Mental Health Services for treatment for depression and/or anxiety in CBT groups. They were tested on the BDI, STAI and the SERS at three time points, prior to entering the group, at termination of the group and at 3-month follow-up. Depression and anxiety symptoms decreased and self-esteem increased between pre- and post-group and the trends continued to 3-month follow-up.

Group cognitive behavioural therapy for children with anxiety disorder – an evaluation of the ‘Friends for Youth’ programme

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finian O'Brien ◽  
Nollaig Olden ◽  
Maria Migone ◽  
Barbara Dooley ◽  
Louise Atkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Parental Anxiety ◽  
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

AbstractObjectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy (GCBT) for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children over an initial period of 12 weeks and to one-month follow-up. Parents of the children receiving GCBT participated in adjunctive psycho-education sessions and the effect of these sessions on parental anxiety was also evaluated.Methods: Participants were 12 children, six male and six female, aged between 11 and 15 years who were attending a child mental health service. Participants were interviewed with their parents and anxiety symptoms assessed, using the following measures: Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule – revised, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Child Behaviour Checklist. Parental anxiety levels were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The 12 children were randomly assigned into two age- and sex-matched groups. While the first group received therapy, the second group acted as a treatment-as-usual control (TAU) group. The second group began group cognitive behavioural therapy after the 10-week waiting period. All participants and their parents provided structured feedback on the intervention.Results: Group cognitive behavioural therapy was significantly effective in reducing both child-reported depressive symptoms, and anxiety on the physiological, worry and total anxiety subscales of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. There were associated significant increases in the childrens' subjective levels of general and total self-esteem, that relating to their self-confidence with peers and when engaging in social and academic pursuits. Diagnosis of anxiety disorder reduced by an average of 67% immediately post-treatment, and by 72% by the onemonth follow-up period. Parents reported significant reductions in their children's levels of internalising symptoms, thought and attention problems. However, parents reported no significantly positive changes in their own levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.Conclusions: Group cognitive-behavioural therapy is a useful and clinically effective intervention for the treatment of anxiety disorder in children.

An evaluation of a group-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for low self-esteem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samantha Swartzman ◽  
Jenny Kerr ◽  
Rowena McElhinney
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Abstract Background: Self-esteem is a common factor in many mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. A cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based protocol called ‘Overcoming Low Self-Esteem’ is available; the use of this protocol in a group format has been associated with improvements in self-esteem. However, it is unclear whether improvements persist after the end of a group-based version of this programme. Aims: We aimed to assess whether changes in self-esteem, anxiety and depression persist 3 months after the end of a group version of the Overcoming Low Self-Esteem programme. Method: Using data from the National Health Service in Fife, Scotland, we analysed whether there were improvements on self-report measures of self-esteem, anxiety and depression from the beginning of the group to the end of the group and at a follow-up session 3 months later. Results: Significant improvements in self-esteem, anxiety and depression are maintained at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions: The Overcoming Low Self-Esteem group seems to be associated with improved self-esteem, anxiety and depression. However, further research from randomised controlled trials is needed to establish a causal link between the programme and improved psychological outcomes.

scholarly journals Treatment of compulsive buying disorder: comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy with person-centred experiential counselling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Stephen Kellett ◽  
Pippa Oxborough ◽  
Chris Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Experiential Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Compulsive Buying Disorder

Abstract Background: Outcome studies of the treatment of compulsive buying disorder (CBD) have rarely compared the effectiveness of differing active treatments. Aims: This study sought to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and person-centred experiential therapy (PCE) in a cross-over design. Method: This was an ABC single case experimental design with extended follow-up with a female patient meeting diagnostic criteria for CBD. Ideographic CBD outcomes were intensively measured over a continuous 350-day time series. Following a 1-month baseline assessment phase (A; 28 days; three sessions), CBT was delivered via 13 out-patient sessions (B: 160 days) and then PCE was delivered via six out-patient sessions (C: 63 days). There was a 99-day follow-up period. Results: Frequency and duration of compulsive buying episodes decreased during active treatment. CBT and PCE were both highly effective compared with baseline for reducing shopping obsessions, excitement about shopping, compulsion to shop and improving self-esteem. When the PCE and CBT treatment phases were compared against each other, few differences were apparent in terms of outcome. There was no evidence of any relapse over the follow-up period. A reliable and clinically significant change on the primary nomothetic measure (i.e. Compulsive Buying Scale) was retained over time. Conclusions: The study suggests that both CBT and PCE can be effective for CBD. Methodological limitations and suggestions for future CBD outcome research are discussed.

Accelerated Outpatient Individual Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 690-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany M. Wootton ◽  
Alexandra Hunn ◽  
Annabelle Moody ◽  
Bethany R. Lusk ◽  
Valerie A. Ranson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and chronic mental health condition. Given the significant prevalence and impairment caused by SAD, it is important to investigate novel ways to improve the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for SAD. One approach may be to provide CBT in an accelerated fashion, which involves multiple sessions per week. Such accelerated treatments have been shown to be effective in other anxiety disorders, but in SAD this accelerated treatment has only been studied in a group treatment format. Aims: The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary investigation of the efficacy of individual accelerated CBT (aCBT) in the treatment of SAD. Method: The studied utilized an open trial design. Seventeen participants commenced the treatment, which consisted of 12 sessions delivered over 4 weeks. Results: The results indicated that participants obtained moderate to large effect sizes on measures of SAD at post-treatment (range d = 0.76–0.92) and 3-month follow-up (range d = 1.31–1.79). In addition, at post-treatment, 59% of participants no longer met criteria for SAD, and this number increased to 71% at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: The results provide preliminary evidence to suggest that individual aCBT may be an important treatment option for individuals with SAD.

An Evaluation of a CBT Group for Women with Low Self-Esteem

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Morton ◽  
Louise Roach ◽  
Helen Reid ◽  
Scott Hallam Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Lack Of Control

Background: Self-esteem is an important factor in the development and maintenance of good psychological health. Low self-esteem can be a consequence of mental health disorders (such as depression, anxiety and panic) or it can be a vulnerability factor for the development of such problems. Aims and method: The current study reports pilot findings from a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) group intervention for 37 adult women with low self-esteem, based on Fennell's Overcoming Low Self-Esteem Self-Help Course. Results: Findings suggest that the group is (statistically and clinically) effective at increasing levels of self-esteem and at reducing levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Together, results suggest that the group provides an efficient and therapeutically beneficial service. However, since these findings are limited by the lack of control or follow-up data, they warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Comparative randomised trial of online cognitive–behavioural therapy and an information website for depression: 12-month outcomes

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mackinnon ◽  
Kathleen M. Griffiths ◽  
Helen Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Internet Intervention ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Internet Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAn earlier paper reported positive outcomes immediately following access to a cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) internet intervention and a depression information website.AimsTo determine 6-month and 12-month outcomes of the interventions relative to a placebo control condition.MethodParticipants allocated to the depression information website condition, the CBT internet intervention and the placebo control condition were followed up at 6 and 12 months by survey. The primary outcome measure was the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (CES–D) scale. Of 525 participants recruited, 79% completed their assigned intervention and 60% were retained at 12-month follow-up. Attrition was handled using mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsBoth the CBT site and depression information sites were associated with statistically significant benefits in CES–D score reduction compared with controls at post-test. At 6-months follow-up, the reduction seen for the people allocated to the CBT arm remained significant, whereas that for the depression information website arm was not. At 12 months, both active interventions were statistically significantly superior to the control condition.ConclusionsThere is some evidence that benefits of these brief internet interventions are retained beyond their endpoint. The impact of human support provided by interviewers in the trial must be considered when comparing these outcomes to routine use of both internet interventions.

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