COGNITIVE PERSONALITY STYLES ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSIVE AND OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PHENOMENA IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil S. Bhar ◽  
Michael Kyrios
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Personality Vulnerabilities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored whether obsessive-compulsive (OC) and depressive phenomena share common cognitive personality vulnerabilities. Specifically, the study examined the relationship of OC phenomena to sociotropy, autonomy and aspects of perfectionism, which traditionally have been associated with depression. A non-clinical sample of 152 subjects, mostly undergraduate university students, completed four questionnaires. Results indicated a significant relationship between depression and OC variables, with both relating significantly to autonomy, sociotropy and socially prescribed perfectionism. Correlations between OC phenomena and these cognitive personality styles were still significant after controlling for depression. Sociotropy and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted unique OC variance. Depression also predicted unique OC variance, controlling for the cognitive personality styles. It was concluded that OC and depressive phenomena share vulnerability centred on desires for approval. It was also recognized that depression-specific processes account for some of the covariability between depression and OC phenomena. Therefore, it was suggested that treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder may improve by attending to the reduction of depressive phenomena and to the modification of beliefs related to social-approval.

Obsessions and Compulsions Are Associated With Different Cognitive and Mood Factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil S. Bhar ◽  
Michael Kyrios
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examined whether nonclinical obsessions and nonclinical compulsions relate differently to cognitive and mood factors such as responsibility, perfectionism, trait anxiety and depressed mood. Two hundred and three nonclinical undergraduate psychology students (70.4% females, 29.6% males, mean age = 18.7,SD= 1.1) completed questionnaires. After controlling for the relationship between obsessions and compulsions, obsessions were found to relate significantly more strongly to depressed mood, trait anxiety, socially prescribed perfectionism and responsibility than compulsions. Conversely, compulsions were found to relate more strongly to self-oriented perfectionism than obsessions. These results were interpreted as providing support for the notion that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is maintained by a conflicted mental representation of the self and the world. Obsessions were interpreted as reflecting an overdeveloped vigilance for threat, responsibility and need for social approval. Compulsions were interpreted as emanating from the belief that the self is self-sufficient and resourceful, and that the world is ordered and systematic. Implications for the treatment of OCD were discussed.

scholarly journals Experiences of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2009-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Knapton
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health problem characterized by persistent obsessions and compulsions. This article provides insights into experiences of OCD through a qualitative, thematic analysis performed on a set of interviews with people with OCD. Four themes were found as central in the participants’ descriptions of OCD episodes: (a) space, (b) the body, (c) objects, and (d) interactions. The findings also show that episodes of OCD can be grouped into three broad categories: (a) activity episodes, which revolve around everyday tasks; (b) state episodes, which are concerned with the self and identity; and (c) object episodes, which are concerned with the effects of objects on the self. The relationship of this three-way classification of OCD episodes to existing cognitive models of OCD is discussed. The study also demonstrates the value of categorizing episodes, rather than people, into subtypes of OCD so that intra-participant variation can be highlighted.

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville J. King ◽  
Thomas H. Ollendick ◽  
Iain M. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This selective review shows that childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious condition that requires early identification and treatment. Initially, we examine the relationship of childhood rituals to OCD, and discuss recent findings on the epidemiology of childhood OCD. The DSM-IV criteria for OCD are presented, along with recent findings on psychopathology. Clinical management of childhood OCD is a challenging and difficult task for mental health professionals. We briefly describe and evaluate advances in behavioural treatment — mainly in vivo exposure and response prevention. The adjunctive use of antidepressant medication is also examined. Whilst these clinical innovations are promising, further controlled evaluations are necessary before the efficacy of behavioural intervention can be confidently asserted.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Hoarding Symptoms to Schizotypal Personality and Cognitive Schemas in an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Sample

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rasmussen ◽  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Michelle Silverman ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Inhibition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Deprivation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined hoarding symptoms and schizotypal personality traits (SPTs) in 38 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and explored early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) as partial mediators between hoarding symptoms and schizotypal traits in OCD. Hoarding and symmetry/ordering symptoms were correlated with total schizotypal score on the Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4). Hoarding predicted the total number of schizotypal traits on the PDQ-4 after adjusting for symmetry/ordering symptoms. Schizotypal traits but not hoarding symptoms were significantly correlated with the social isolation and mistrust/abuse schemas. Schizotypal traits and hoarding were both associated with the emotional inhibition and emotional deprivation schemas, but neither of these mediated the relationship between schizotypal traits and hoarding. Clinical implications for understanding and treating hoarding and schizotypal personality in OCD are discussed.

The Relationship of Body Dysmorphic Disorder to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and the Concept of the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Simberlund ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter describes the relationship of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the concept of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. BDD is proposed to be part of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders, given its many similarities to OCD. OCD and BDD are both characterized by obsessions and compulsions, although in BDD individuals focus specifically on body image concerns, whereas in OCD they typically focus on concerns such as contamination, harm, and aggression. Distress that results from obsessions usually generates compulsive behaviors intended to reduce emotional discomfort. Individuals with BDD are more likely to have delusional beliefs and significantly poorer insight. Individuals with BDD report higher rates of major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts. OCD and BDD demonstrate familiality, indicating that they are likely related conditions. OCD and BDD are thought to be heterogeneous disorders that result from both genetic and environmental factors, some of which appear to be shared; for example, they appear to share some abnormalities involving the basal ganglia and limbic system (specifically the caudate nucleus).

The Relationship of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Phillips ◽  
Walter H. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Family History ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Image Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders are body image disorders that have long been hypothesized to be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Available data suggest that BDD and eating disorders are often comorbid with OCD. Data from a variety of domains suggest that both BDD and eating disorders have many similarities with OCD and seem related to OCD. However, these disorders also differ from OCD in some ways. Additional research is needed on the relationship of BDD and eating disorders to OCD, including studies that directly compare them to OCD in a variety of domains, including phenomenology, family history, neurobiology, and etiology.

The Relationship of Pathologic Skin Picking to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette A. Cullen ◽  
Jack F. Samuels ◽  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
Marco Grados ◽  
Rudolf Hoehn-Saric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Pick a Card, Any Card: The Relationship Between Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Leonello ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Anxious Arousal ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Condition

Specific deficits in decision-making have been demonstrated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The experience of anxious arousal in obsessive-compulsive (OC) patients has been posited to be responsible for disrupting the cognitive processes that lead to efficacious decision-making (Sachdev & Malhi, 2005). In spite of this, research has neglected to examine explicitly the effect of anxiety on the relationship between decision-making and OCD. The current study investigates whether decision-making differences on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample (n = 110). Participants were randomly allocated to either an anxiety condition (n = 58) or control condition (n = 52). Anxious arousal was induced in the anxiety condition via an experimental manipulation prior to commencing the IGT. Participants in the anxiety condition performed significantly worse than those in the control group on the IGT. However, OC symptomatology did not significantly predict IGT performance. The experience of anxiety did not significantly moderate the relationship between OC symptomatology and IGT performance. These findings indicate that decision-making differences do not occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample; however, they do suggest that the experience of anxiety significantly impairs decision-making performance. The theoretical and practical applications of the findings are discussed.

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