The Impact of Semantic Dementia on Everyday Actions: Evidence from an Ecological Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bier ◽  
Carolina Bottari ◽  
Carol Hudon ◽  
Sven Joubert ◽  
Guillaume Paquette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Everyday Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normal Controls

AbstractIn theory, semantic memory may trigger and support the execution of everyday activities. This study explored this question by comparing three patients with semantic dementia to 40 normal controls performing different everyday activities. Participants were tested in their home using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile, an ecological measure of everyday functioning. Participants were informed that they had unknowingly invited two guests for lunch and should prepare accordingly. With these instructions, they dress to go outdoors, go to the grocery store, shop for food, prepare a hot meal, have the meal with the guests, and clean up after the meal. Performance was analyzed on the basis of four operations related to problem solving: formulate a goal, plan, execute, and verify attainment of the goal. Results indicate that compared to normal controls, two patients had significant difficulties and needed assistance with all operations of problem-solving, particularly while preparing a meal and cleaning up after the meal. One patient showed no difficulties despite severe semantic deficits. These results suggest that semantic deficits alone cannot explain the difficulties observed, but may contribute to some aspects of everyday actions such as those involved in everyday problem-solving. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–11)

scholarly journals Script Generation of Activities of Daily Living in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cobb Scott ◽  
Steven Paul Woods ◽  
Ofilio Vigil ◽  
Robert K. Heaton ◽  
Igor Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

AbstractScript generation describes one's ability to produce complex, sequential action plans derived from mental representations of everyday activities. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on script generation performance. Sixty HIV+ individuals (48% of whom had HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders [HAND]) and 26 demographically comparable HIV- participants were administered a novel, standardized test of script generation, which required participants to verbally generate and organize the necessary steps for completing six daily activities. HAND participants evidenced significantly more total errors, intrusions, and script boundary errors compared to the HIV- sample, indicating difficulties inhibiting irrelevant actions and staying within the prescribed boundaries of scripts, but had adequate knowledge of the relevant actions required for each script. These findings are generally consistent with the executive dysfunction and slowing common in HAND and suggest that script generation may play a role in everyday functioning problems in HIV. (JINS, 2011, 17, 740–745)

scholarly journals The Revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living: A Performance-Based Assessment of Everyday Problem Solving in Older Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
Michael Marsiske ◽  
Ann L. Horgas ◽  
Adrienne Rosenberg ◽  
Jane S. Saczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Everyday Problem Solving ◽  
Everyday Problem ◽  
A Performance

Age differences in everyday problem solving

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Loken Thornton ◽  
Theone S. E. Paterson ◽  
Sophie E. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Problem Context ◽  
Everyday Problem Solving ◽  
Everyday Problem ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Impact

Reductions in everyday problem solving (EPS) are often reported in older age, although it has been suggested that problem context may modify this effect. We evaluated the impact of two aspects of problem context: age appropriateness (age-neutral vs. older-age content) and problem type (interpersonal vs. practical) on EPS performance in 175 adults aged 18–87. Older adults generated fewer solutions to ill-structured EPS vignettes than younger and middle-aged adults. Middle-aged adults demonstrated an advantage on practical problems. While all age groups demonstrated a relative performance advantage for interpersonal content on older age problems, older adults showed the least relative benefit in this condition. Thus older adults do not exhibit relative performance gains on EPS problems designed to be most salient and relevant to this age group.

scholarly journals Antidepressants In General Practice And Psychiatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoryana Lebedyn
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Depressed Person ◽  
The Impact

Depression can be compared to a fire that occurs in our head. Gradually, it burns what used to be pleasurable, leaving only the feeling of emptiness and sadness. It influences thoughts, emotions, thinking and affects the everyday activities. Depression is a disorder characterized by a constant state of sadness and hopelessness. Depressed person loses interest in any activity that is usually brings pleasure, as well as the inability to perform daily living activities. These symptoms should be permanent (at least two weeks). Bad mood once a month, with or without a reason, cannot immediately be called depression. This insidious disorder destroys relationships, impedes normal functioning and can even lead to job loss. Accumulation of problems, the lack of support from family members and the lack of skilled help can lead to even more devastating behaviour and even suicide. This review article discusses the problems associated with the treatment of depression and the impact of this problem on the lives of Nations. The value of antidepressants in the treatment process discussed in details.

scholarly journals Deconstructing the performance of everyday activities: a case in dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa M. Giebel ◽  
Daniela Montaldi
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACTBackground:The assessment of everyday functioning in dementia is currently very global and in most cases fails to provide an in-depth overview of specific areas of deficits. Every activity comprises different sub-tasks which may be impaired to different degrees. Performance of some sub-tasks might be maintained and could thus be the foundation for remaining independent for longer. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the benefits of breaking down everyday activities into sub-tasks.Methods:A total of 183 family carers of people with mild dementia completed the revised Interview for Deteriorations in Daily Living Activities in Dementia 2 (R-IDDD2) rating their relative's everyday functioning. Each of the 20 activities comprised three sub-tasks. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections, and sub-tasks were clustered in relation to different forms of cognition.Results:The majority of activities showed at least one major area of impairment. Sub-tasks could be clustered based on different types of cognition. Several sub-tasks had a focus on memory (forgetting it is time to do the cleaning; forgetting previously known telephone numbers), whereby short-term, long-term, and prospective memory could be distinguished further. Other sub-tasks were clustered into attention (getting more distracted when driving) and executive function (sorting out bills).Conclusions:The R-IDDD2 and its analysis of sub-task performance offers a novel platform to examine impairments comprehensively. This can help both in aiding timelier diagnosis by recognizing subtle deficits, but also in care management planning, whereby family and paid carers should only care for those sub-tasks that are most impaired and thus encourage remaining independent for longer.

The Impact of Visual Thinking Approach to Promote Elementary Students’ Problem Solving Skill in Mathemathics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fendrik ◽  
Elvina Elvina
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Student Skill ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the influence of visual thinking learning to problemsolving skill. Quasi experiments with the design of this non-equivalent controlgroup involved Grade V students in one of the Elementary Schools. The design ofthis study was quasi experimental nonequivalent control group, the researchbullet used the existing class. The results of research are: 1) improvement ofproblem soving skill. The learning did not differ significantly between studentswho received conventional learning. 2) there is no interaction between learning(visual thinking and traditional) with students' mathematical skill (upper, middleand lower) on the improvement of skill. 3) there is a difference in the skill oflanguage learning that is being constructed with visual learning of thought interms of student skill (top, middle and bottom).

Alteraciones sistémicas y metabólicas producidas por lesión medular

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Gabriel Guízar Sahagún
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

Besides the well-known loss of motor and sensory capabilities, people with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience a broad range of systemic and metabolic abnormalities including, among others, dysfunction of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and endocrine systems. These alterations are a significant challenge for patients with SCI because such disorders severely interfere with their daily living and can be potentially life-threatening. Most of these disorders are associated with impairment of regulation of the autonomic nervous system, arising from disruption of connections between higher brain centers and the spinal cord caudal to the injured zone. Thus, the higher and more complete the lesion, the greater the autonomic dysfunction and the severity of complications.This article summarizes the medical scientific literature on key systemic and metabolic alterations derived of SCI. It provides information primarily focused on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these disorders, as well as some guides to prevent and alleviate such complications. Due to the impact of these alterations, this topic must be a priority and diffuse to those involved with the care of people with SCI, including the patient himself/herself. We consider that any collaborative effort should be supported, like the development of international standards, to evaluate autonomic function after SCI, as well as the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

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