Effects of Emotional Facial Expression on Time Perception in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Lucia Meligrana ◽  
Simon Grondin ◽  
Francesco Perini ◽  
Luigi Bartolomei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Temporal Intervals

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that emotional facial expressions alter temporal judgments. Moreover, while some studies conducted with Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suggest dysfunction in the recognition of emotional facial expression, others have shown a dysfunction in time perception. In the present study, we investigate the magnitude of temporal distortions caused by the presentation of emotional facial expressions (anger, shame, and neutral) in PD patients and controls. Twenty-five older adults with PD and 17 healthy older adults took part in the present study. PD patients were divided into two sub-groups, with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), based on their neuropsychological performance. Participants were tested with a time bisection task with standard intervals lasting 400 ms and 1600 ms. The effect of facial emotional stimuli on time perception was evident in all participants, yet the effect was greater for PD-MCI patients. Furthermore, PD-MCI patients were more likely to underestimate long and overestimate short temporal intervals than PD-non-MCI patients and controls. Temporal impairment in PD-MCI patients seem to be mainly caused by a memory dysfunction. (JINS, 2016, 22, 890–899)

Working Memory and Facial Expression Recognition in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alonso-Recio ◽  
Pilar Martín-Plasencia ◽  
Ángela Loeches-Alonso ◽  
Juan M. Serrano-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Spatial Locations

AbstractFacial expression recognition impairment has been reported in Parkinson’s disease. While some authors have referred to specific emotional disabilities, others view them as secondary to executive deficits frequently described in the disease, such as working memory. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between working memory and facial expression recognition abilities in Parkinson’s disease. We observed 50 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 49 healthy controls by means of an n-back procedure with four types of stimuli: emotional facial expressions, gender, spatial locations, and non-sense syllables. Other executive and visuospatial neuropsychological tests were also administered. Results showed that Parkinson’s disease patients with high levels of disability performed worse than healthy individuals on the emotional facial expression and spatial location tasks. Moreover, spatial location task performance was correlated with executive neuropsychological scores, but emotional facial expression was not. Thus, working memory seems to be altered in Parkinson’s disease, particularly in tasks that involve the appreciation of spatial relationships in stimuli. Additionally, non-executive, facial emotional recognition difficulty seems to be present and related to disease progression. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)

Can People with Parkinson’s Disease Self-Trigger Gait Initiation? A Comparison of Cueing Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Matthew N. Petrucci ◽  
Sommer Amundsen Huffmaster ◽  
Jae Woo Chung ◽  
Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler ◽  
Colum D. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
External Source ◽  
Anticipatory Postural Adjustments ◽  
Gait Initiation ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

Background: An external cue can markedly improve gait initiation in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is often used to overcome freezing of gait (FOG). It is unknown if the effects of external cueing are comparable if the imperative stimulus is triggered by the person receiving the cue (self-triggered) or an external source. Objective: Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of self- versus externally triggered cueing on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during gait initiation in people with PD. Methods: In experiment 1, 10 individuals with PD and FOG initiated gait without a cue or in response to a stimulus triggered by the experimenter or by the participant. Experiment 2 compared self- versus externally triggered cueing across three groups: healthy young adults (n = 16), healthy older adults (n = 11), and a group with PD (n = 10). Results: Experiment 1: Externally triggered cues significantly increased APA magnitudes compared to uncued stepping, but not when the same cue was self-triggered. Experiment 2: APAs were not significantly improved with a self-triggered cue compared to un-cued stepping in both the PD and healthy older adult groups, but the young adults showed a significant facilitation of APA magnitude. Conclusion: The effectiveness of an external cue on gait initiation in people with PD and older adults is critically dependent upon whether the source of the trigger is endogenous (self-produced) or exogenous (externally generated). These results may explain why cueing interventions that rely upon self-triggering of the stimulus are often ineffective in people with PD.

Spontaneous and posed facial expression in Parkinson's Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C. Smith ◽  
Melissa K. Smith ◽  
Heiner Ellgring
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Facial Activity

AbstractSpontaneous and posed emotional facial expressions in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD, n – 12) were compared with those of healthy age-matched controls (n = 12). The intensity and amount of facial expression in PD patients were expected to be reduced for spontaneous but not posed expressions. Emotional stimuli were video clips selected from films, 2–5 min in duration, designed to elicit feelings of happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, or anger. Facial movements were coded using Ekman and Friesen's (1978) Facial Action Coding System (FACS). In addition, participants rated their emotional experience on 9-point Likert scales. The PD group showed significantly less overall facial reactivity than did controls when viewing the films. The predicted Group X Condition (spontaneous vs. posed) interaction effect on smile intensity was found when PD participants with more severe disease were compared with those with milder disease and with controls. In contrast, ratings of emotional experience were similar for both groups. Depression was positively associated with emotion ratings, but not with measures of facial activity. Spontaneous facial expression appears to be selectively affected in PD, whereas posed expression and emotional experience remain relatively intact. (JINS, 1996, 2, 383–391.)

Possible selves and illness: A comparison of individuals with Parkinson's disease, early-stage Alzheimer's disease, and healthy older adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie D. Frazier ◽  
Victoria Cotrell ◽  
Karen Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Possible Selves ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Impact

This study examined how future self-representations are affected by two different chronic illnesses, one focused on cognitive losses, early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), and one focused on physical losses, Parkinson's disease (PD). The impact of illness on possible selves (perceptions of self in the future) was made salient by a comparison with healthy older adults in order to better understand developmental issues in later life. Findings show that although there were no differences in the total number of domains reported by the groups, specific domains were reported differently by patient groups and all domains were likely to become infused with illness. As expected, patient groups had less self-efficacy and lower outcome expectancies for their future selves, and PD patients reported less distance from their feared selves. Although these findings are intuitive, this is the first empirical effort to document the impact of illness on older adults' self-representations. Group differences are explained in terms of disease context, and the importance of possible selves and self-regulatory functions as therapeutic mechanisms for adaptation to illness are emphasised.

scholarly journals The Effect of Emotion on Time Perception for Complex Visual Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julie Anne Séguin
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Carry Over

<p>Activation and attention have opposite effects on time perception. Emotion can both increase physiological activation (which leads to overestimation of time) and attract attention (which leads to underestimation of time). Although the effect of emotion on time perception has received a growing amount of attention, the use of different time estimation tasks and stimuli makes it difficult to compare findings across studies. The effect of emotion on the temporal perception of complex stimuli (e.g. scenes) is particularly under-researched. This thesis presents a systematic assessment of the effect of two key emotional dimensions, arousal and valence, on time perception for visual stimuli. Studies were designed to control for factors that may modulate emotion effects, such as image repetition and carry over from one emotion to another. The stimuli were complex images standardized for arousal (high or low) and valence (positive or negative) as well as neutral images. The first study compared three time estimation tasks to determine which were sensitive to emotion effects. The selected task, temporal bisection, was used to test time perception in three duration ranges: short (400 to 1600ms), middle (1000 to 4000ms), and long (2000 to 6000ms). Results of bisection point analyses revealed that the duration of attention-capturing stimuli (e.g. high arousal or negative images) was underestimated compared to that of other stimuli (e.g. low arousal or neutral images). These findings are at odds with activational effects of emotion (overestimation of emotional stimuli), which are typically found in studies of time perception for facial expression. Better temporal sensitivity in the long range than in short and middle ranges suggests that participants used different timing strategies to perform the bisection task at longer stimulus durations. To test the effect of emotion on time perception using a discrete rather than dimensional classification of emotion, experiments were replicated using emotional facial expressions as stimuli. Time estimates in the short and middle ranges did not show attentional effects, but pointed to activational effects of emotion. Facial expression had no impact on time perception in the long duration range. Taken together, these experiments show that the effect of emotion on time perception varies according to both duration and stimulus type. Emotional facial expressions have short lived activational effects whereby the duration of arousing stimuli is overestimated, whereas complex emotional scenes have protracted attentional effects through which the duration of attention-capturing stimuli is underestimated.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Parkinson’s disease and dopamine on digit span measures of working memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Grogan ◽  
Lisa Emily Knight ◽  
Laura Smith ◽  
Nerea Irigoras Izagirre ◽  
Alexandra Howat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Dopaminergic Medication ◽  
Conflicting Evidence

ABSTRACTRationaleParkinson’s disease (PD) impairs working memory (WM) - the ability to maintain items in memory for short periods of time and manipulate them. There is conflicting evidence on the nature of the deficits caused by the disease, and the potential beneficial and detrimental effects of dopaminergic medication on different WM processes.ObjectivesWe hypothesised that PD impairs both maintenance and manipulation of items in WM and dopaminergic medications improve this in PD patients but impair it in healthy older adults.MethodsWe tested 68 PD patients ON and OFF their dopaminergic medication, 83 healthy age-matched controls, and 30 healthy older adults after placebo and levodopa administration. We used the digit span, a WM test with three components (forwards, backwards and sequence recall) that differ in the amount of manipulation required. We analysed the maximum spans and the percentage of lists correctly recalled, which probe capacity of WM and the accuracy of the memory processes within this capacity, respectively.ResultsPD patients had lower WM capacity across all three digit span components, but only showed reduced percentage accuracy on the components requiring manipulation (backwards and sequence spans). Dopaminergic medication did not affect performance in PD patients. In healthy older adults, levodopa did not affect capacity, but did impair accuracy on one of the manipulation components (sequence), without affecting the other (backwards).ConclusionsThis suggests a non-dopaminergic deficit of maintenance capacity and manipulation accuracy in PD patients, and a potential “overdosing” of intact manipulation mechanisms in healthy older adults by levodopa.

Nordic Walking Improves Gait Power Profiles at the Knee Joint in Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Marie-Anne Gougeon ◽  
Julie Nantel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Functional Gait ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of Nordic walking (NW) on gait patterns in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) following a 6-week NW familiarization. Twelve participants with PD and 12 healthy older adults took part in a gait analysis walking with and without poles (NP). Results showed larger knee power (knee extensor: K2) on the most affected leg in NW compared to NP (P = .01). On the less affected side, larger power absorption (knee extensor: K3) was found during preswing (K3) compared to older adults in both NP and NW (P = 0.01). NW showed longer stride length and single support time (P < .01) compared to NP. Walking with poles improved gait spatial–temporal characteristics and power profiles at the knee joint both on the less and most affected sides in individuals with PD. NW could be beneficial to help regain a more functional gait pattern in PD.

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