Daily Assessment of Executive Functioning and Expressive Suppression Predict Daily Functioning among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Stacey L. Brothers ◽  
Yana Suchy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Objective: Executive functioning (EF) is known to be associated with performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, prior research has found that the degree to which EF fluctuates was more predictive of self-reported cognitive and IADL lapses than was average EF performance. One source of such EF fluctuations is engagement in an emotion regulation strategy known as expressive suppression (ES). Importantly, ES has also been shown to relate to IADL performance, presumably due to its impact on EF. However, past research is limited due to assessing IADLs only in the laboratory or via self-report. The present study examined (a) the association of daily EF and ES fluctuations with performance of actual IADL tasks in participants’ homes, and (b) whether any significant association between ES fluctuations and daily IADLs would be mediated by daily EF variability. Method: Participants were 52 older adults aged 60 to 95. Over the course of 18 days while at home, participants completed daily IADL tasks as well as daily measures of EF and ES via ecological momentary assessment. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, average EF across days predicted at-home IADLs above and beyond daily EF variability, which itself was also predictive. ES variability also predicted daily IADLs, and this association was fully mediated by average daily EF. Conclusions: Daily fluctuations in ES appear to have a deleterious impact on performance of IADLs at home, likely due to the impact of such fluctuations on EF, although the average level of EF capacity is also important.

scholarly journals Effects of Reallocating Time Spent in Different Physical Activity Intensities on Sarcopenia Risk in Older Adults: An Isotemporal Substitution Analysis

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Jort Veen ◽  
Diego Montiel-Rojas ◽  
Fawzi Kadi ◽  
Andreas Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
The Impact

The role of daily time spent sedentary and in different intensities of physical activity (PA) for the maintenance of muscle health currently remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impact of reallocating time spent in different PA intensities on sarcopenia risk in older adults, while considering PA type (muscle strengthening activities, MSA) and protein intake. In a sample of 235 community-dwelling older adults (65–70 years), a sarcopenia risk score (SRS) was created based on muscle mass assessed by bioimpedance, together with handgrip strength and performance on the five times sit-to-stand (5-STS) test assessed by standardized procedures. Time spent in light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and being sedentary was assessed by accelerometry, and PA type (MSA) by self-report. Linear regression models based on isotemporal substitution were employed. Reallocating sedentary time to at least LPA was significantly (p < 0.05) related to a lower SRS, which remained evident after adjustment by PA type (MSA) and protein intake. Similarly, reallocating time in LPA by MVPA was related to a significantly (p < 0.05) lower SRS. Our results emphasize the importance of displacing sedentary behaviours for more active pursuits, where PA of even light intensities may alleviate age-related deteriorations of muscle health in older adults.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF RELIGIOSITY IN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S976-S976
Author(s):  
Ru Jia ◽  
Dexia Kong ◽  
XinQi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Religious Services ◽  
At Home

Abstract This study aims to examine the relationship between religiosity and depressive symptoms in a large cohort of community-dwelling U.S. Chinese older adults living in the Greater Chicago area, which has received relatively little research attention. Cross-sectional self-report data was obtained from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago between 2011 and 2013 (N=3,157). Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A score of 5 and above indicated the presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between religiosity and depressive symptoms. Out of 3,157 participants, 20.3% participants had a score of or above 5 on PHQ-9. 35.4% reported religiosity as being “important” (24.7%) and “very important” (10.7%); 16% reported attending organized religious services at least once a month (3.1% reported once a month; 12.3% reported once a week; 0.6% reported almost every day); 23% reported having religious services at home at least once a month (10.3% reported once a month; 3.2% reported once a week; 9.5% reported almost daily). Results showed that recognizing religiosity as important is significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89-0.99). However, no significant associations between depressive symptoms and religious activity attendance or religious service at home were observed. Findings suggest that senses of belonging and life meaning may help reduce depressive symptoms, rather than the religious activities per se. Future interventions could reduce depressive symptoms of U.S. Chinese older adults through religiosity.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study assessing agreement between self-reported and general practice-recorded health conditions among community dwelling older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Hale ◽  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Caroline Brundle ◽  
Andrew Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background self-reported data regarding health conditions are utilised in both clinical practice and research, but their agreement with general practice records is variable. The extent of this variability is poorly studied amongst older adults, particularly amongst those with multiple health conditions, cognitive impairment or frailty. This study investigates the agreement between self-reported and general practice-recorded data amongst such patients and the impact of participant factors on this agreement. Methods data on health conditions was collected from participants in the Community Ageing Research 75+ (CARE75+) study (n = 964) by self-report during face-to-face assessment and interrogation of the participants’ general practice electronic health records. Agreement between self-report and practice records was assessed using Kappa statistics and the effect of participant demographics using logistic regression. Results agreement ranged from K = 0.25 to 1.00. The presence of ≥2 health conditions modified agreement for cancer (odds ratio, OR:0.62, 95%confidence interval, CI:0.42–0.94), diabetes (OR:0.55, 95%CI:0.38–0.80), dementia (OR:2.82, 95%CI:1.31–6.13) and visual impairment (OR:3.85, 95%CI:1.71–8.62). Frailty reduced agreement for cerebrovascular disease (OR:0.45, 95%CI:0.23–0.89), heart failure (OR:0.40, 95%CI:0.19–0.84) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR:0.41, 95%CI:0.23–0.75). Cognitive impairment reduced agreement for dementia (OR:0.36, 95%CI:0.21–0.62), diabetes (OR:0.47, 95%CI:0.33–0.67), heart failure (OR:0.53, 95%CI:0.35–0.80), visual impairment (OR:0.42, 95%CI:0.25–0.69) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR:0.53, 95%CI:0.37–0.76). Conclusions significant variability exists for agreement between self-reported and general practice-recorded comorbidities. This is further affected by an individual’s health conditions. This study is the first to assess frailty as a factor modifying agreement and highlights the importance of utilising the general practice records as the gold standard for data collection from older adults.

Naturally Occurring Expressive Suppression is Associated with Lapses in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 718-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Suchy ◽  
Madison A. Niermeyer ◽  
Emilie I. Franchow ◽  
Rosemary E. Ziemnik
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractObjectives: Expressive suppression (i.e., effortful regulation of overt affect) has a deleterious impact on executive functioning (EF). This relationship has potential ramifications for daily functioning, especially among older adults, because a close relationship exists between EF and functional independence. However, past research has not directly examined whether expressive suppression impacts instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The present study examined this association among older adults. Methods: One hundred ten community-dwelling older adults completed a self-report measure of acute (past 24 hr) and chronic (past 2 weeks) expressive suppression, a timed test of IADL, and the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale as a measure of EF. Results: High chronic expressive suppression was related to slow IADL performance beyond covariates (age, IQ, depression), but only for individuals with low EF. High acute expressive suppression was associated with lower accuracy on IADL tasks beyond covariates (IQ, depression), but this association was fully explained by EF. Conclusions: The current results suggest that expressive suppression is associated with less efficient and more error-prone IADL performance. EF fully accounted for the relationship between acute expressive suppression and IADL performance, showing that suppression is a risk factor for both poorer EF performance and functional lapses in daily life. Furthermore, individuals with weaker EF may be particularly vulnerable to the effect of chronic expressive suppression. (JINS, 2019, 25, 718–728)

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Order on Diet and Health in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
Kathryn Porter Starr ◽  
Michael Borack ◽  
Marshall Miller ◽  
Heather Hutchins-Wiese ◽  
Alyssa King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Profound restrictions were placed on previously free-living older adults due to mandatory stay-at-home orders for Covid-19. Recognizing the potential for worsening health and heightened risk of Covid-19 complications with older age and obesity, we conducted a survey to assess the impact of stay-at-home requirements on diet, health/social behaviors, and food security in 58 older adults (age=70.8±6.2, 55% Black, 93% female) who had participated in past obesity-reduction trials. A 71-item questionnaire was administered by phone and included demographics, health, lifestyle and dietary habits, food attitudes, and food security questions. Results showed indicators of heightened health risk, including health care appointments either delayed/cancelled (69%) and self-reported weight gain (62%). Of those with weight gain, 22% reported a gain of &gt;10 pounds (33% gained 5-10 pounds and 7% &lt; 5 pounds). Increased food intake was reported by 67% and 45% felt their eating patterns were less healthy due to increased snacking (71%) and consumption of sweets (41%). Food access and isolation were also an issue, as 51% were concerned about leaving the house for food and 81% reported eating alone. While some positive behaviors were reported (new ways to access food and health information, more reported cooking at home), the majority of findings indicated increased risk of obesity and its complications. The findings emphasize the need for effective lifestyle interventions that can be delivered remotely to high-risk older adults; this would benefit those presently self-restricted for Covid-19 concerns as well as other isolated older adults who need better access to individualized interventions.

scholarly journals Health impacts of the “Stay at Home” order on community dwelling older adults and how technologies may help: A focus group study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Daly ◽  
Colin Depp ◽  
Sarah Graham ◽  
Dilip V. Jeste ◽  
Ho-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Potential Game ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in nearly 250,000 deaths as of mid-November 2020 with 80% of those being people over 65 years of age. Since March 2020, preventive measures including lockdowns, social isolation, quarantine and social distancing have been implemented to reduce viral spread. These measures, while effective for risk prevention, may contribute to increased social isolation and loneliness among older adults and negatively impact mental and physical health. OBJECTIVE A qualitative study was conducted to identify the impact of the “Stay-at-Home” order on older adults living in a Continued Care Senior Housing Community (CCSHC) in southern California. METHODS Four 90-minute focus groups were convened using the Zoom communications platform during May 2020 with 21 CCSHC residents participating. Participants were asked to describe how they were managing during the “stay-at-home” mandate that was implemented in March 2020, including impact on their physical and mental health. Transcripts of each focus group were analyzed using qualitative methods. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the qualitative data including: Impact of Quarantine on Health and Well-Being; 2 - Communication Innovation; 3 - Effective Ways of Coping with Quarantine; and 4 – Improving Access to Technology and Training. Participants reported a threat to their mental and physical health directly tied to quarantine and exacerbated by social isolation and decreased physical activity. Technology was identified as a lifeline for many who are socially isolated from friends and family. CONCLUSIONS Technology access, connectivity, and literacy are potential game-changers to supporting the mental and physical health of older adults and must be prioritized. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Health Impacts of the Stay-at-Home Order on Community-Dwelling Older Adults and How Technologies May Help: Focus Group Study

JMIR Aging ◽  
10.2196/25779 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e25779
Author(s):  
Jessica R Daly ◽  
Colin Depp ◽  
Sarah A Graham ◽  
Dilip V Jeste ◽  
Ho-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Potential Game ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
At Home

Background As of March 2021, in the USA, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 500,000 deaths, with a majority being people over 65 years of age. Since the start of the pandemic in March 2020, preventive measures, including lockdowns, social isolation, quarantine, and social distancing, have been implemented to reduce viral spread. These measures, while effective for risk prevention, may contribute to increased social isolation and loneliness among older adults and negatively impact their mental and physical health. Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting “Stay-at-Home” order on the mental and physical health of older adults and to explore ways to safely increase social connectedness among them. Methods This qualitative study involved older adults living in a Continued Care Senior Housing Community (CCSHC) in southern California, USA. Four 90-minute focus groups were convened using the Zoom Video Communications platform during May 2020, involving 21 CCSHC residents. Participants were asked to describe how they were managing during the “stay-at-home” mandate that was implemented in March 2020, including its impact on their physical and mental health. Transcripts of each focus group were analyzed using qualitative methods. Results Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) impact of the quarantine on health and well-being, (2) communication innovation and technology use, (3) effective ways of coping with the quarantine, and (4) improving access to technology and training. Participants reported a threat to their mental and physical health directly tied to the quarantine and exacerbated by social isolation and decreased physical activity. Technology was identified as a lifeline for many who are socially isolated from their friends and family. Conclusions Our study findings suggest that technology access, connectivity, and literacy are potential game-changers to supporting the mental and physical health of older adults and must be prioritized for future research.

Expressive Suppression Depletes Executive Functioning in Older Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Franchow ◽  
Yana Suchy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Order Component ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Component Processes

AbstractObjectives: Accurate detection of executive dysfunction in neuropsychological assessments is complicated by the fact that executive functioning (EF) is vulnerable to temporary disruption (i.e., lapses), with more frequent lapses in older adulthood. Effortful regulation of affect (i.e., expressive suppression) is a well-known source of executive lapses in younger adults, but the generalizability of this depleting effect to older adults is unknown. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine whether EF is subject to depletion via expressive suppression and (2) to examine whether this effect is unique to EF, or whether it also applies to lower-order component processes in older adults. Methods: Ninety-seven non-demented, community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to either an expressive suppression group or control group. We compared performance of the groups on a battery of tests measuring EF and component processes both before and after exposure to emotionally evocative stimuli. Results: Consistent with the hypothesized depletion effect, suppressing participants showed an attenuated practice effect on post-manipulation EF relative to controls, while performance on lower-order component processes was unaffected by suppression. Conclusions: These results suggest that depletion contributes to executive lapses in older adulthood. (JINS, 2017, 23, 341–351)

Why Ecological Momentary Assessment Surveys Go Incomplete?: When It Happens and How It Impacts Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Stangl ◽  
Shareka Pentony ◽  
Dhruv Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) often requires respondents to complete surveys in the moment to report real-time experiences. Because EMA may seem disruptive or intrusive, respondents may not complete surveys as directed in certain circumstances. Purpose This article aims to determine the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of instances where respondents do not complete EMA surveys (referred to as survey incompletion), and to estimate the impact of survey incompletion on EMA self-report data. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Ten adults hearing aid (HA) users. Data Collection and Analysis Experienced, bilateral HA users were recruited and fit with study HAs. The study HAs were equipped with real-time data loggers, an algorithm that logged the data generated by HAs (e.g., overall sound level, environment classification, and feature status including microphone mode and amount of gain reduction). The study HAs were also connected via Bluetooth to a smartphone app, which collected the real-time data logging data as well as presented the participants with EMA surveys about their listening environments and experiences. The participants were sent out to wear the HAs and complete surveys for 1 week. Real-time data logging was triggered when participants completed surveys and when participants ignored or snoozed surveys. Data logging data were used to estimate the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of survey incompletion, and to predict participants' responses to survey questions in the instances of survey incompletion. Results Across the 10 participants, 715 surveys were completed and survey incompletion occurred 228 times. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that survey incompletion was more likely to happen in the environments that were less quiet and contained more speech, noise, and machine sounds, and in the environments wherein directional microphones and noise reduction algorithms were enabled. The results of survey response prediction further indicated that the participants could have reported more challenging environments and more listening difficulty in the instances of survey incompletion. However, the difference in the distribution of survey responses between the observed responses and the combined observed and predicted responses was small. Conclusion The present study indicates that EMA survey incompletion occurs systematically. Although survey incompletion could bias EMA self-report data, the impact is likely to be small.

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