When could payments for environmental services benefit the poor?

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID ZILBERMAN ◽  
LESLIE LIPPER ◽  
NANCY MCCARTHY
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Diversion Programs ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Environmental Objectives

ABSTRACTSince modification of agricultural production choices in developing countries often provides positive environmental externalities to people in developed countries, payment for environmental services (PES) has become an important topic in the context of economic development and poverty reduction. We consider two broad categories of PES programs, land-diversion programs, where lands are diverted from agriculture to other uses, and working-land programs, where agricultural production activities are modified to achieve environmental objectives. PES programs are generally good for landowners. The distribution of land and land quality is critical in determining poverty impacts. Where ES and agricultural productivity are negatively correlated and the poor own lands of low agricultural quality, they stand to gain from PES programs. Consumers and wage laborers may lose where food supply is inelastic and programs reduce labor demand. Working-land programs may have better distributional effects than diversion programs.

scholarly journals Preferences of the Poor Farming Household for Credit-Based Payment for Environmental Services: Attributes for Environmental Resource Conservation in the Oyo State Farm Settlements

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O. I. Adesiyan ◽  
M. O. Rauf ◽  
W. A. Adewole
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Environmental Resource ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Farming Household

Previous studies affirmed that both poverty and environmental resources degradation need to be tackled concomitantly. The reason is that poverty and environmental resources (agricultural land) are intertwining as a nexus; hence a one traffic-proffered solution is not sufficient enough to reduce the afterward menace poverty and environmental resource caused. An incentive that serves as an ‘adjudicator’, a credit-based payment for an environmental service is recognized for this task. Though this is a hypothetical case of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) that understudied the would-be response of the poor farming household through their preferences of PES attributes of environmental resource conservation and poverty reduction. This was designed with the use of choice experiment method, which is a multi-attribute approach of valuing non-market goods (agricultural land). Evidently, this study has convincingly proved that the poor farmers are willing to conserve their agricultural land, if the provision of necessary incentive is presented to them. The examined three farm settlements in Oyo state are: Afijio, Ijaye and Ido farm settlements. Educationally poor farming household shows that, 93(65.49%) preferred both options, whereas consumption poor farming house  have 162(68.5%) respondents that sought for both option 1and 2.Housing/standard of living farming household recorded 98(34.63 %) for option 1 PES attributes and 95(33.57%)responded were for option 2 of PES attributes. The T-t test revealed that four of the paired poverty categories with respect to their preferences for the PES attributes options were significant. This study therefore suggests that poor farming household, whose farming is their livelihood should be sensitized to the provision of a deliberately designed poverty-environmental resource conservation credit-based PES, with a more flexible conditions. This will enable the poor farmers to be encouraged to participate in conservation of natural resource and by extension reducing poverty.

Ways to improve the lives of the poor and poorest by providing available services: international experience

10.12737/8253 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Татьяна Харитонова ◽  
Tatyana Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All

The article presents an analytical study of the problems of poverty and quality of life of the poor and the poorest of our planet. Basic information database of the research are materials of the UN and its constituent units. This article discusses and clarifies the concept of absolute and relative poverty, and presents an approach to the definition of deprivation poverty. The main indicators of poverty, according to the report of the UN World Development, are highlighted. The author links the indicators of availability of services with the provision of basic human needs according to Maslow´s theory. The article also examines the main economic causes of poverty, including in a number of Third World countries. Further, the author shows the contribution of the United Nations and the developed countries in addressing the problem of poverty and absolute poverty. In this regard, suggested is the poverty reduction strategy, the implementation of which should lead to the achievement of the goals by 2015, that is, to the present time. Almost all of the goals are related to the availability of socially important services for the poor and the poorest. It is proved that a regulatory role in this process should be undertaken by the state, and the process should be based on the mechanism of social partnership between government, service providers and major consumer groups. In the final part of the article highlighted are criteria for selecting suppliers and funding mechanisms for services for the populations concerned.

Payments for environmental services and the poor: concepts and preliminary evidence

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEN WUNDER
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Gain Access

ABSTRACTBased on observations from all three tropical continents, there is good reason to believe that poor service providers can broadly gain access to payment for environmental services (PES) schemes, and generally become better off from that participation, in both income and non-income terms. However, poverty effects need to be analysed in a conceptual framework looking not only at poor service providers, but also at poor service users and non-participants. Effects on service users are positive if environmental goals are achieved, while those on non-participants can be positive or negative. The various participation filters of a PES scheme contain both pro-poor and anti-poor selection biases. Quantitative welfare effects are bound to remain small-scale, compared to national poverty-alleviation goals. Some pro-poor interventions are possible, but increasing regulations excessively could curb PES efficiency and implementation scale, which could eventually harm the poor. Prime focus of PES should thus remain on the environment, not on poverty.

scholarly journals Forests and poverty: how has our understanding of the relationship been changed by experience?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
G. Shepherd ◽  
K. Warner ◽  
N. Hogarth
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Change Mitigation

Understanding of the relationship between forests and the poor has grown enormously, especially in the last twenty years. Aid donors worked on poverty reduction in the forest sector in the 1990s and into the early 2000s, but thereafter broadened their attention to address climate change mitigation, better forest governance and timber legality, and payments for environmental services. There has so far been an incomplete integration of new insights into the nature of poor people's reliance on forests, of their own efforts to use that reliance to escape from poverty, and of current forestry aid concerns. Future projects need to choose interventions which make better use of the results now available about forestpoverty relationships, both for the better conservation of forests, and for better focus on the livelihoods of the forest-reliant poor as they continue to try to move out of poverty.

scholarly journals Importance and impacts of intermediary boundary organizations in facilitating payment for environmental services in Vietnam

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
THU THUY PHAM ◽  
BRUCE M. CAMPBELL ◽  
STEPHEN GARNETT ◽  
HEATHER ASLIN ◽  
MINH HA HOANG
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Few Data

SUMMARYIntermediaries are seen as important actors in facilitating payments for environmental services (PES). However, few data exist on the adequacy of the services provided by intermediaries and the impacts of their interventions. Using four PES case studies in Vietnam, this paper analyses the roles of government agencies, non-government organizations, international agencies, local organizations and professional consulting firms as PES intermediaries. The findings indicate that these intermediaries are essential in supporting PES establishment. Their roles are as service and information providers, mediators, arbitrators, equalizers, representatives, watchdogs, developers of standards and bridge builders. Concerns have been raised about the quality of intermediaries’ participatory work, political influence on intermediaries’ activities and the neutral status of intermediaries. Although local organizations are strongly driven by the government, they are important channels for the poor to express their opinions. However, to act as environmental services (ES) sellers, local organizations need to overcome numerous challenges, particularly related to capacity for monitoring ES and enforcement of contracts. Relationships amongst intermediaries are complex and should be carefully examined by PES stakeholders to avoid negative impact on the poor. Each of the intermediaries may operate at a different level and can have different functions but a multi-sector approach is required for an effective PES implementation.

scholarly journals Payments for ecosystem services and poverty reduction: concepts, issues, and empirical perspectives

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERWIN H. BULTE ◽  
LESLIE LIPPER ◽  
RANDY STRINGER ◽  
DAVID ZILBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
International Aid Agencies

Paying for the provision of environmental services is a recent policy innovation attracting much attention in both developed and developing countries. This innovation, referred to as ‘payments for ecosystem services’ (when the emphasis is on enhancing ‘nature’ services) or ‘payments for environmental services’ (when amenities provided by the built environment are also included) is referred to here as PES. PES programs aim to harness market forces to obtain more efficient environmental outcomes. Since so many opportunities for PES programs could involve farmers in poor regions, international aid agencies and private donors, looking for a double dividend, increasingly consider using PES programs as a potential way of meeting both social and environmental objectives.

European and Ukrainian experience in financial support to farming activities through fiscal instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1063
Author(s):  
E.A. Nepochatenko ◽  
E.T. Prokopchuk ◽  
B.S. Guzar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Tax Regimes

Subject. The article considers financial regulation through the use of tax mechanisms. Objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate European and Ukrainian practices of fiscal incentives for farming through fiscal instruments with VAT playing the key role. Methods. In the study we employed economic and statistical research methods, like monographic, comparison, scientific generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of VAT implementation on farmers in developed countries in Europe we substantiated the conclusion about its focus on simplifying the tax procedures and eliminating the negative impact on operations of economic entities. Special tax treatment (including VAT collection) is mainly used to streamline tax relations, taking into account the specifics of farming, rather than to improve the financial support to farms. We revealed that in the Ukrainian practice its main task is financial support to agricultural production. Conclusions and Relevance. The experience of developed European countries on the use of special tax regimes and taxation procedures should serve as a model for Ukraine. Financial incentives for agricultural production development should be directly supported by the State, and special tax treatment and tax administration should be focused on streamlining tax relations in the region, based on the practice of developed European countries such as UK, Germany, Italy and France.

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