European and Ukrainian experience in financial support to farming activities through fiscal instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1063
Author(s):  
E.A. Nepochatenko ◽  
E.T. Prokopchuk ◽  
B.S. Guzar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Tax Regimes

Subject. The article considers financial regulation through the use of tax mechanisms. Objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate European and Ukrainian practices of fiscal incentives for farming through fiscal instruments with VAT playing the key role. Methods. In the study we employed economic and statistical research methods, like monographic, comparison, scientific generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of VAT implementation on farmers in developed countries in Europe we substantiated the conclusion about its focus on simplifying the tax procedures and eliminating the negative impact on operations of economic entities. Special tax treatment (including VAT collection) is mainly used to streamline tax relations, taking into account the specifics of farming, rather than to improve the financial support to farms. We revealed that in the Ukrainian practice its main task is financial support to agricultural production. Conclusions and Relevance. The experience of developed European countries on the use of special tax regimes and taxation procedures should serve as a model for Ukraine. Financial incentives for agricultural production development should be directly supported by the State, and special tax treatment and tax administration should be focused on streamlining tax relations in the region, based on the practice of developed European countries such as UK, Germany, Italy and France.

The Main Directions of Sustainable Development of Agricultural Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Baglan AIMURZINA ◽  
Mazken KAMENOVA ◽  
Ainura OMAROVA ◽  
Aldanysh NURUMOV ◽  
Galina PESTUNOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Special Approach

This article notes that the main task of sustainable development of agricultural production in Kazakhstan is a special approach to its financial provision and financial regulation. Features of the circulation of funds in the organization of finance of agricultural enterprises which are a combination of relations with regard to the formation, distribution and use of funds, determine the search for the main sources of income of financial resources in the agricultural sector. The aim of the research is that one of the directions of sustainable development of agricultural production and adjustment of Kazakhstan's agrarian policy should be an investment development strategy based on the current situation in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. Transfer of agro industrial complex to the industrial-innovative way of development on the basis of strengthening of its material and technical base, growth of competitiveness of agricultural production assumes an increase in financing of the agro-industrial complex.

scholarly journals Promoting agricultural and food exports

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Elena Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Rostov Region

The growth of agricultural exports is due to a focused state policy that ensures the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The mechanisms used to stimulate agricultural and food exports are divided into general (federal) and individual financial and non-financial support instruments (regional), have different degrees of demand by agricultural producers and different regional involvement in their application. There was an increase in exports, a low share in the export of deep processing products, a discrepancy between the placement of agricultural production and the structure of exports, an expansion of state support measures, their positive and negative impact on the market, various regional involvement in export processes, and a high concentration of exports in the Rostov region.

scholarly journals Agricultural production and CO2 emissions causes in the developing and developed countries: New insights from quantile regression and decomposition analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabnawaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Decomposition Procedure ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

AbstractAgriculture is the dominant economic activity of the economies. The developing and developed countries are responsible for the most greenhouse gasses emitted in the developing areas. Are there heterogeneous determinants of environmental degradation and CO2 emitters in developing and developed countries? and estimating the significance of agricultural production, renewable energy consumption, the industrial revolution, and economic growth. In this study, 22 countries’ environmental degradation analyze by two (per-capita and liquid) sources of CO2 emissions and using panel data from 1991 through 2016. This study adopts a panel regression (non-additive effects) and quantile regression techniques to explore the connection between agriculture and economic factors. And the extent of the CO2 emitter gap between developing and developed countries. The outcome of agriculture has a positive and significant influence on CO2 emission from liquid with a 36.75% increase in environmental degradation and a negative impact on CO2 emission in the total emissions by 19.12%. The agriculture-related activities negatively influence the environment, such as deforestation for feed cropping, burning of biomass, and deep soil cropping in the developing countries. Furthermore, the quantiles decomposition procedure in agriculture production is signifying heterogeneity of the determinants of environmental degradation, low and high CO2 emitters.

scholarly journals The issue of social inequality in terms of health: a comparative study of Russia within the European context

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Nina L. Rusinova ◽  
Viacheslav V. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Age Related

This article examines the issue of social inequality in terms of health, while citing the main results of an empirical study on the matter, which have been attained by means of analyzing data from the European social survey (ESS) for a few dozen countries, including Russia, together with statistical information on the state of their economy and welfare, utilizing a two-level linear and logistic modeling method. In different parts of Europe indexes of general wellbeing and the risk of developing depression differ quite drastically – in Russia, as is the case with most other relatively underdeveloped nations, the population’s health is markedly worse than in the most of the highly developed social democracies. These indexes significantly differ within the country as well – among people who occupy unequal positions within demographical and social structures. A natural discrepancy in health between elder and younger age groups is especially pronounced in underdeveloped countries, while in nations with a high level of prosperity and state social guarantees these age-related discrepancies are more or less evened out. Social capital and an individual’s mental strength play a crucial role in maintaining good health. Possessing psychosocial resources is beneficial to the health of those belonging to any given social stratum. However, in developed European countries this is mostly beneficial to the more vulnerable groups of lower social status. In developed European countries the health of said groups is negatively affected in no small part due to them experiencing relative deprivation, and the stress of social comparison to the prosperous majority. So this is not only due to a shortage of material resources or their limited access to high-quality medical services, as is the case in Russia and in underdeveloped European states. In well developed countries individual reserves and social bonds are especially important for the lower strata, in order for them to successfully overcome the negative impact of such strain on their health.

scholarly journals Debt strategies of European countries and vectors of implementation of best experience in the practice of external public debt management of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Ivanna Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Public Debt Management ◽  
Debt Policy

The policy of external and domestic public debt management in different countries has its own specifics, and its results are not always unambiguous. Thus, the existing recommendations of the International Monetary Fund and the Maastricht criteria prove that the maximum value of public debt to GDP should be no more than 60 %. Exceeding this limit can lead to a deterioration in financial stability, debt sustainability, and ultimately to a technical default of the state. However, the practice of public debt management in many developed countries shows quite opposite trends, as a significant excess of the Maastricht criterion not only does not lead to default, but on the contrary allows countries to accumulate the necessary financial resources to ensure stable economic growth. Therefore, the study of European debt strategies and their effectiveness is a very important issue, especially given the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for developing countries. Given the growing external debt dependence of Ukraine as a result of both the war with the Russian Federation and the COVID-19 pandemic, the search for a better experience of European debt policy and consideration of ways to adapt it to domestic realities are discussed in our article. Based on the analysis of the debt policy of European countries, the expediency of using debt rules, aimed at regulating both the country's debt security and the effectiveness of the use of public borrowing to stimulate economic growth has been proved. Cluster analysis of debt strategies of some European countries has shown that the high level of dependence on external public debt has a negative impact on economic security in general, because in the event of deteriorating macroeconomic situation, the likelihood of foreign investors selling government securities increases, and in the case of external loans from international financial and credit organizations – the risks of negative impact of burdensome non-financial obligations on the national economy grow.

scholarly journals Crisis process in the development of European Countries at the current stage of the EU

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Tetjana Humeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Process ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Purpose.. The aim of the article is to analyze the issues of the relationship between the phenomena of convergence and divergence on the basis of the activities of the European Union. Methodology. The methodology involves a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical material on this subject, as well as formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: dialectical, terminological, formal and logical, comparative and legal, system and functional methods. Results. The study found that the crisis process observed in the development of the EU has given impetus not only to Euroscepticism, but also to the intensive search for new approaches to the development of European integration. The crisis in the EU stimulates attempts to implement the course on completing the formation of the EMU. Global financial and economic crises have a more significant negative impact on the dynamics of GDP of «outsider countries» compared to «leading countries», and differences between them are increasing as a result. The politicization of international economic relations usually strengthens the position of developed countries and weakens all others, which leads to a similar result. Imperfect policies for the integration of the emigrant population into European society are exacerbating relations between the native population of European countries and immigrants, growing anti-immigrant sentiment and mass protests by Europeans against the migration policies of national governments. Scientific novelty. The study found that most EU leaders are fully aware of the need for structural convergence, namely overcoming structural and cyclical differences among the economies of euro-area countries, as well as the main and secondary risks of divergence as a destructive phenomenon that can disrupt the established social, political, legal and economic order within the EU. Practical significance. Research materials can be used for comparative law studies.

scholarly journals Capitulation and Siyasah Syar’iyah Al-Maliyah Impact on Economic Stability of the 18th & 19th Ottoman Turks

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Desmadi Saharuddin ◽  
Meirison Meirison ◽  
Inayatul Chusna ◽  
Ade Sofyan Mulazid
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Islamic Countries

<p><em></em>Free trade and foreign investment that characterize the 21st Century trade and business model do not benefit all parties, particularly Islamic countries. Only those who have well-established economic system and large capital gain the most benefit. This condition had occurred during the Ottoman Khalifah. Therefore, this article aims to prove that free trade and foreign investment during the Ottoman, in the form of capitulation, brought negative impact on the Ottoman’s economy and politics. Capitulation is an agreement between the Ottoman and Western European countries that regulated economic and legal sectors by giving privilege to the European countries to come and trade in the Ottoman. The Ottoman became a free market place that eliminated the Islamic economic system. The Ottoman saw the agreement as its Siyasah Syar’iyah Al-Maliyah to protect the political sovereignty when facing European countries. Once the agreement benefited the Ottoman, later it caused economic political problems. The domestic industries faced difficulty when competing with foreign trades. The Ottoman government did not have full authority over the law and justice of the Europeans in the Ottoman. The capitulation that was expected by the Ottoman to protect its economy and politics had put the country under the domination of Western Europe. What happened to the Ottoman is proof that the free market is only beneficial to developed countries with active industries. Therefore, this historical fact should be reference for Islamic countries in conducting their foreign economic system.</p>

scholarly journals ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Ruzanova ◽  
Valentyna Sharmanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task

The article states that the state of the modern small business is characterized by negative financial and economic and social indicators. The negative impact on the development of this sector with military clashes and conflicts. Therefore, there is need for reform and renewal of the state mechanism to support small businesses, taking into account the negative factors of the environment. The purpose of the article is to examine the characteristics of development at the small business in Ukraine under present conditions, analysis of the major deficiencies and determine the prospects of small businesses. Determined that there is a clear relationship trends and trends in small business of scientific and technological progress. It is noted that in European countries is dominated by small and medium enterprises, their share in the total number of enterprises is 99.8%, two-thirds of the employed population (65.8%) are employed in small and mediumsized enterprises, 58.8% of the annual turnover in Europe and accounts for this sector. However, small businesses Ukraine missed its development potential and does not perform assigned tasks. This is due to insufficient attention of local authorities in this sector, namely the lack of permanent tracked the development of such enterprises; imperfect administrative support; inefficient infrastructure software and more. In this regard, it is necessary to find innovative means of administrative support and market conditions such enterprises unstable environment. The main task of the Ukrainian authorities is, first, to carry out regulatory reform, which will create a qualitatively new system of state regulation that will protect both entrepreneurs and consumers. Secondly, it is necessary to reduce the number of permits for doing business, as Ukraine lags behind in this component. Third, it is necessary to create a state credit guarantee institution in order to encourage commercial banks to lend to small businesses with minimal financial risk. Having analyzed the state and dynamics of the general parameters of small business in Ukraine, it should be noted that they do not meet the needs of the Ukrainian economy. The development of small business in Ukraine is much lower than in developed countries. During a coronavirus pandemic, where most small businesses have either closed or are not operating at full capacity, government assistance is important.

scholarly journals Protection of Economic Rights in Eastern European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 561-572
Author(s):  
Olha Kulynych ◽  
Oksana Kurylina ◽  
Nataliia Serdiuk ◽  
Serhii Bashlai ◽  
Olena Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Current problems in the protection of economic rights in Eastern Europe (the impact of the oil industry on the environment and human health, discrimination in employment, including the abuse of the rights of migrant workers and women) determine the potential for economic development. This scientific article based on: qualitative and quantitative methodology; combination of comprehensive and systematic approaches; case method; analysis of statistical indicators. The aim of the research is to analyze the protection of economic rights in Eastern European countries and their negative impact on the lives of citizens. It has been found that in addition to unresolved issues of non-payment of salaries and discrimination against various social groups, these countries have new problems in the field of protection of intellectual property rights through the development of the digital economy. The legal system carefully and slowly integrates the practice of developed countries to provide guarantees for the most vulnerable (women, migrant workers). As a result, Eastern European countries are characterized by slow structural changes in the economy and an average level of GDP per capita. Discrimination, which is characterized by differences, is among the main problems. Discrimination does not ensure equal access for women to all spheres of public life. The revealed connection between gender equality and the economic well-being of the population proves the importance of protecting economic rights as a tool to ensure the formation of a socially oriented market economy. In Eastern European countries, there is no consistent concept of equality regardless of the social-economic characteristics of the citizen. Judicial practice remains quite cautious in sentencing and there are cases of return to formal equality.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR INCREASING THE INNOVATIVE COMPONENT OF UKRAINE’S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
O. Bogatyrov ◽  
О. Baula ◽  
О. Liutak ◽  
N. Galaziuk
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
The Government

The article describes the dynamics of Ukraine’s position in the Global Innovation Index for 2015—2019. It is revealed that the domestic economy has a high educational and scientific potential, is able to produce various innovations in the form of ideas, scientific developments, patents; the bottlenecks of Ukraine in the state of innovative development are the state of cluster development, the share of foreign direct investment in GDP, the online service of the government, the use of information and communication technologies, the availability of joint agreements on strategic alliances, the state of domestic lending to the private sector, the export of goods of the creative economy, the volume of microfinance loans, the presence of firms offering formal training, the state of cooperation between universities and production, agreements with venture capital. It is proved that the problem of improving the financial mechanism for ensuring innovation processes in the economic system of Ukraine requires a priority solution. Developments on increasing the innovative component of increasing Ukraine’s international competitiveness are impossible without adequate financial support. The article examines the foreign experience of state support for innovation activities. It is revealed that in developed countries — the world’s leading innovation leaders, public policy provides for direct funding of scientific research and through tax measures encourages private sector R&D spending. The concept of financial support for increasing the innovative component of Ukraine’s international competitiveness, which should be implemented at the strategic, tactical and operational levels, is proposed. To ensure a sustainable level of international competitiveness of the country through increasing the innovation component, it is important to implement a system of measures to monitor threats even at the stage of their origin and prevent the spread of their negative impact. Therefore, the methods and tools for implementing the proposed concept contain components of threat prevention: economic (tax incentives; transfers ;direct budget investments; grants; concessional lending; cooperation with foreign institutions, etc.), organizational (development of innovative infrastructure; consulting assistance; personnel support; creation of clusters using the potential of education, business, government, public; creation of regional clusters with innovation and industry production, etc.), institutional (techno parks, business incubators, analytical centres, etc.), regulatory (strategies, concepts, plans, programs) and social levers (conducting business trainings, implementing joint social projects, etc.).

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