Effect of concentrate feeding on milk yield and body-weight change of Awassi ewes and the growth of their lambs

AbstractThe response of Awassi ewes to graded amounts of supplementary concentrate diet was examined for the first 12 weeks of lactation. The growth rate of lambs and their health status were also investigated. Seventy-five ewes were divided into three equal groups and given a basal roughage diet of shredded wheat straw at a rate of 750 g dry matter (DM) per ewe per day supplemented with a concentrate diet at three amounts, 950 g (low), 1150 g (medium) and 1350 g (high) of DM per ewe per day starting at the beginning of lactation. Ewes were adapted to the diet by feeding daily at a rate of 200 g per ewe during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. The concentrate was estimated to contain 11⋅8 MJ of metabolizable energy and 182 g of crude protein per kg DM. Ewes and their offspring were housed in a partly enclosed yard. Lambs remained with their dams continuously except for the days of milk yield measurements, when they were separated from the dam for 11 or 12 h. The ewes were examined for subclinical mastitis and the incidence of scouring in lambs was recorded.Ewes given the high level of concentrate produced more (P < 0⋅05) milk but differences between medium and low groups were significant only up to week 4 of lactation. Total milk yields during the 9 weeks test period were 58⋅5, 70⋅4 and 93⋅3 kg for the low, medium and high groups, respectively. Ewes suckling twins produced more (P < 0⋅05) milk than ewes suckling singles. The rate of weight loss was lower (P < 0⋅01) for ewes given the high feeding regime; these regained their immediate post-lambing body weight by week 10. Sex of lambs and litter size had no effect on body weight loss but ewes nursing twins tended to loose more weight during the 12 weeks suckling period. Lamb growth rates were similar (P > 0⋅05) across treatments. The daily intake of concentrate by the ewes did not affect the incidence of scouring in lambs or mastitis in ewes.On both economical and biological grounds it is recommended to offer concentrate during the first 9 weeks of lactation at levels >950 g per ewe per day in order to produce an appreciable yield of milk and restore a positive energy balance early in the ewe lactation period.

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THE RESPONSE OF LACTATING COWS AND GROWING HEIFERS TO TREATMENT FOR PARASITES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas82-056 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 481-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. J. FISHER ◽

A. C. MacNEILL

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Anthelmintic Treatment ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Production Response

A series of three trials, two with lactating cows and one with growing heifers on pasture, utilized over 200 cows and heifers to establish whether there was a production response to the anthelmintic, "Tramisol" (levamisole phosphate). The lactating cows were subdivided into control and treated animals at parturition. Treated animals were injected with Tramisol on the day following parturition and 8 wk later. Heifers were treated when they were put out to pasture and every 4 wk thereafter. In the first trial with lactating cows there was no effect of treatment on milk yield or milk fat percent but body weight loss was less during the first 84 days for the treated versus control cows. In the second trial with lactating cows, milk yield was higher for total lactation and from 57 to 180 days for the treated cows. Body weight loss was also less during the first 50 days of lactation. There were no differences between the control or treated groups in either number of services required or days open. Heifers injected with Tramisol, when put on pasture, gained more body weight than control animals, particularly during periods of stress. Considering that the parasitic infestation in the herd was low the positive responses observed in these trials, although variable, warranted the conclusion that, in the majority of dairy herds in the area, routine anthelmintic treatment would be beneficial. Key words: Milk yield, growth, dairy cattle, anthelmintic treatment

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EFFECT DEGRADABLE PROTEIN LEVEL G/MJ METABOLIZABLE ENERGY THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF LACTATION ON MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF AWASSI EWES

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i5.1140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 1314-1320

Author(s):

O. D. M. Almallah

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Adequate Level ◽

Body Weights ◽

High Level ◽

Degradable Protein

This study investigated the effect of feeding two levels of rumen degradable protein in the rations during different stages of lactation on milk yield and components , twenty four cross breed Awassi ewes (Turkish Awassi × Iraqi Awassi) were used with their single lambs after birth aged 3-5 years, ewes were divided into two groups with average body weights 66.00 ± 2.32 kg and 67.10 ± 2.62 kg respectively, first group was control fed adequate level of degradable protein (10 g / Mj metabolizable energy) and second group fed high level of degradable protein (12.5 g / Mj metablizable energy) , Lactation period had been divided into three stages (early, 1-50 day ), ( mid , 51-100 day) and (late , 101-150 day), ewes were fed twice daily with restricted amount 2 kg in the early and mid and 1.5 kg in late lactation . Results showed that feeding adequate level of rumen degradable protein led to significant ( P< 0.05) increase in milk yield 785 g/day and lactose 5.81% as compared with high level 619 g/day and 5.58% respectively, also milk yield decreased ( P< 0.05) while milk fat increased ( P< 0.05) with advance milk period. Blood parameters were not affected significantly by feeding degradable protein while serum glucose, total protein and albumin decreased (P< 0.05) at late stage of milk production. Best results of interaction for rumen degradable protein and milk stages in milk yield and components yield were noted with feeding adequate level of rumen degradable protein in the early lactation.

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Carcass and meat quality of primiparous sows as related to the lactation period of 21 or 28 days and to body weight loss

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201281030257 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Jolanta Kapelanska ◽

Salomea Grajewska ◽

Maria Bocian ◽

Hanna Jankowiak ◽

Wojciech Kapelanski

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Lower Protein ◽

Water Holding

The study included 70 primiparous sows nursing piglets for 21 days and 30 sows nursing piglets for 28 days. Body weight of the sows was recorded at mating, farrowing, weaning and slaughter. The assessment covered the degree of sow body weight loss and its influence on carcass and meat quality as related to the lactation period and to the extent of lactation body loss below 5%, from 5 to 10% and over 10% of body weight. Carcass quality as well as physicochemical meat traits were also subjected to evaluation. Extending the nursing period from 21 to 28 days increased the average lactation body weight loss from 7.88 to 8.50% (P ≤ 0.01). This did not influence the carcass quality in any noticeable way; nonetheless, some meat traits did yield less favourable results. These were related to the electric conductivity of the meat as well as its water holding capacity and colour (P ≤ 0.01). The same undesirable tendency was observed in the group of sows with body weight losses exceeding 10%. It resulted in the decrease of backfat thickness (P ≤ 0.01) and reduction of certain meat traits, particularly lower protein content (P ≤ 0.05). Lower carcass fatness of primiparous sows is a beneficial trait in preparation of a heavy pig for slaughter.

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COMPARISON OF CORN AND OAT BASED CONCENTRATES FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas69-012 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. J. Fisher ◽

V. S. Logan

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

Corn-based and oat-based concentrates were each fed with a restricted amount of hay of two qualities to lactating cows. The corn-based concentrate was consumed at a significantly higher rate (P < 0.05), 14.6 vs 11.45 kg/day, and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher solids-corrected milk production, 24.68 vs 20.42 kg/day. Metabolizable energy required per meal of solids-corrected milk produced was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the corn-based concentrate, 2.48 vs 2.14. However, body weight loss was apparently greater when the oat-based concentrate was fed.

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The effect of dietary crude protein concentration and time of weaning on milk production and body-weight change in the ewe

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610002290x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 331-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. J. Robinson ◽

C. Fraser ◽

J. C. Gill ◽

I. McHattie

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Milk Production ◽

Weight Change ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Body Weight Change ◽

The Mean ◽

Incremental Increase

SUMMARYTwenty-seven North Country Cheviot ewes, each carrying twin foetuses and having a mean body weight at 6 weeks prior to parturition of 81 kg were individually penned and offered a constant daily intake of 16·75 MJ metabolizable energy during the last 6 weeks of gestation. At parturition the ewes were allocated to one of three dried grass/concentrate diets containing (1) 10·3, (2) 13·6 or (3) 16·9 % crude protein (CP) and 10 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg. The mean daily CP intakes for diets 1 to 3 were 273, 340 and 415 g respectively and the mean daily ME intake was 25 MJ. Within each level of dietary CP intake the lambs were weaned at either 25, 35 or 41 days of age.There were no significant diet × stage of weaning interactions in milk yield or ewe body-weight change during lactation. The mean daily levels of milk production were 2·4, 2·9 and 3·1 kg for diets 1 to 3 respectively. The corresponding values for ewe body-weight loss were 118, 170 and 265 g per day. When the diet contained 13·8% CP the incremental increase in milk production per unit increase in protein intake was 4·2 g/g. This gave an incremental increase in lamb growth rate of 0·79 g/g and was equivalent to the associated incremental increase in ewe body-weight loss.A reduction in the concentration of CP in the ewes' diet when the lambs are 3 weeks of age may be a useful practical procedure for decreasing milk production and for reducing the body-weight loss of the ewe in a frequent breeding system.

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Inter-breed relationship of maintenance efficiency to milk yield in cattle

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100018328 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 37-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

C. S. Taylor ◽

R. B. Thiessen ◽

J. Murray

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Whole Body ◽

Food Utilization ◽

Maintenance Requirement ◽

Adult Females ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Wide Range

ABSTRACTAs part of a multibreed cattle project for studying genetic variation between breeds, four adult females from each of five breeds of cattle were kept for up to 2 years in a non-pregnant, non-lactating state on each of four feeding levels. The breeds, which were Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Dexter, British Friesian and Jersey, provided a wide range of genetic potential for body size and milk yield. The feeding levels were arranged to make the weight of lipid in the whole body about 0·05, 0·15, 0·25 and 0·35 times body weight. After an animal had been assigned to a fixed daily intake, its body weight and condition score were monitored over a period varying from 6 to 18 months until an equilibrium body weight and body composition had been established.For standard adult body weight, Akg, and for an equilibrium body weight, Wkg, and an associated metabolizable energy intake, f/MJ, the maintenance efficiency of a breed adjusted for breed size was defined as Em = W/fA0·21. The ‘lactability’ of a breed, that is, its genetic potential lactation yield, Ykg, adjusted for breed size, was defined as Y = Y/A. The between-breed regression of Em on Y had a coefficient of -0·043 (s.e. 0·007). There was, thus, a highly significant dairy-beef gradient in the equilibrium maintenance efficiency of these non-pregnant, non-lactating adult females.An expected value for the equilibrium maintenance requirement, of a breed or individual as a function of its lactability was estimated to be:which implies that the maintenance requirement of dairy breeds is about 0·2 times greater than that of beef breeds, a result which was strongly supported by a literature survey, although mean estimates from feeding trials and fasting trials were anomalous.Combining this result for milk yield with published results on growth rate, leads to the hypothesis that the greater the maximum gross efficiency of a breed for meat or milk production, the less efficiently it maintains itself, not because of any difference in fasting metabolism, but because of a reduced efficiency of food utilization for maintenance.

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Meta-analysis of recommended digestible lysine levels for primiparous lactating sows

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Amélia Maria Lima Garcia ◽

Charles Kiefer ◽

Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽

Cheila Roberta Lehnen ◽

Luciano Hauschild ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Lactating Sows

ABSTRACT: A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the recommended levels of digestible lysine and its influence on the productive performance of primiparous lactating sows. The database consisted of 26 publications, 138 diets and 3,820 sows was developed from articles on the association between, lysine, crude protein and lactating primiparous sows. The digestible lysine levels of the studies ranged from 0.22 to 1.43% with average values of 0.85% digestible lysine in the diet, with consumption of 41.25 g day-1. The digestible lysine intake of sows was positively correlated (P<0.05) with feed intake, essential amino acids, crude protein, metabolizable energy, body weight loss sows, milk production, number and weight of piglets at weaning. Digestible lysine intake showed negative correlation (P<0.05) with backfat thickness at weaning and weaning to oestrus interval. It was observed a quadratic effect (P<0.01) of body weight loss sow and daily weight gain of piglets and a quadratic effect (P<0.01) in the weight of piglets at weaning due to increased dietary lysine level. The level of 1.04% of digestible lysine indicates less weight loss sows. The greater weight of piglets at weaning and increased daily weight gain of piglets was verified with the addition of 1.30 and 1.07% digestible lysine in the diet, respectively.

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