THE RESPONSE OF LACTATING COWS AND GROWING HEIFERS TO TREATMENT FOR PARASITES

A series of three trials, two with lactating cows and one with growing heifers on pasture, utilized over 200 cows and heifers to establish whether there was a production response to the anthelmintic, "Tramisol" (levamisole phosphate). The lactating cows were subdivided into control and treated animals at parturition. Treated animals were injected with Tramisol on the day following parturition and 8 wk later. Heifers were treated when they were put out to pasture and every 4 wk thereafter. In the first trial with lactating cows there was no effect of treatment on milk yield or milk fat percent but body weight loss was less during the first 84 days for the treated versus control cows. In the second trial with lactating cows, milk yield was higher for total lactation and from 57 to 180 days for the treated cows. Body weight loss was also less during the first 50 days of lactation. There were no differences between the control or treated groups in either number of services required or days open. Heifers injected with Tramisol, when put on pasture, gained more body weight than control animals, particularly during periods of stress. Considering that the parasitic infestation in the herd was low the positive responses observed in these trials, although variable, warranted the conclusion that, in the majority of dairy herds in the area, routine anthelmintic treatment would be beneficial. Key words: Milk yield, growth, dairy cattle, anthelmintic treatment

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Addition of protected and unprotected fish oil to diets for dairy cows. I. Effects on the yield, composition and taste of milk

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029902005770 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 511-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

PIERRE LACASSE ◽

JOHN J. KENNELLY ◽

LOUIS DELBECCHI ◽

CHARAF E. AHNADI

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

De Novo ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Silage Maize ◽

Long Chain

Thirty Holstein cows in mid-lactation (158±20 DIM) were given a total mixed ration based on grass silage, maize silage and rolled barley. After a preliminary period of 1 week, this diet was supplemented with nothing (control), unprotected fish oil (3.7% of dry matter, DM), or two levels of glutaraldehyde-protected microcapsules of fish oil (1.5% and 3.0% of DM, respectively). Unprotected and protected supplements contained, respectively, 74% and 58% of DM as lipids. Cows given the unprotected supplement reduced their feed intake by >25%. Consequently, these cows lost body weight and produced less milk. DM intake, body weight, and milk yield were unaffected by protected fish oil. Fish oil reduced both milk fat and protein percentages, and decreased the proportion of short-chain fatty acids, stearic, and oleic acids in milk fat. Milk trans C18[ratio ]1 fatty acids increased in cows given both unprotected and protected fish oil. Milk fat content of very-long-chain n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including C20[ratio ]5 and C22[ratio ]6, increased with fish oil in the diet. Accordingly, the peroxide index increased and a taste panel was able to detect unusual taste in milk from cows consuming the higher level of protected fish oil and disliked the milk from cows given unprotected fish oil. In conclusion, when lactating cows consumed fish oil, milk concentration of long-chain n3 fatty acids increased and mammary de novo synthesis of fatty acids decreased, but milk yield and milk protein content were reduced, and the milk was more susceptible to oxidation and its taste was adversely affected.

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Comparative Clinical and Haematological Investigations in Lactating Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Ketosis

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.14432/j.macvetrev.2015.04.042 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 159-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vania Marutsova ◽

Rumen Binev ◽

Plamen Marutsov

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Subclinical Ketosis ◽

Lactating Cows

Abstract Ketosis of lactating cows is among the most common metabolic diseases in modern dairy farms. The economic importance of the disease is caused by the reduced milk yield and body weight loss, poor feed conversion, lower conception rates, culling and increased mortality of affected animals. In the present study, a total of 47 high-yielding dairy cows up to 45 days in milk (DIM) are included. All animals were submitted to physical examination wich included checking the rectal body temperature, heart rate, respiratory and rumen contraction rates, and inspection of visible mucous coats. The body condition was scored, and blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were assayed. The cows were divided into 3 groups: first group (control) (n=24) with blood β-hydroxybutyrate level <1.2 mmol/l, second group (n=15) with blood β-hydroxybutyrate between 1.2-2.6 mmol/l (subclinical ketosis) and third group (n=8) with blood β-hydroxybutyrate >2.6 mmol/l (clinical ketosis). Whole blood samples were obtained and analyzed for Red Blood Cell (RBC, 1012/l), Hemoglobin (HGB, g/l), Hematocrit (HCT, %), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV, fl), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH, pg), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC, g/l), White Blood Cell (WBC, 109/l), Lymphocytes (LYM, 109/l), Monocytes (MON, 109/l), Granulocytes (GRA, 109/l), Red Blood Distribution Width (RDW, %), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Absolute (RDWa, fl), Platelets (PLT, 109/l) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV, fl). In this study, deviations in the clinical parameters in the control group and in those with subclinical ketosis were not identified. The cows from the third group (clinical ketosis) exhibited hypotonia, anorexia and body weight loss vs. control group. Hematological analysis showed leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in cows with subclinical ketosis vs. control group. In cows with clinical ketosis WBC counts decreased (leukopenia), while hemoglobin content and hematocrit values are higher vs. control group. Blood BHBA values are higher in both groups of ketotic cows vs. the control group. The other analyzed parameters (RBC, MCH, MCHC, MCV, RDW, RDWa, MON, GRA, PLT and MPV) were close to control values.

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Effects of anthelmintic treatment on ewe feed intake, digestion, milk production and lamb growth

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859616000721 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 326-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Z. ZHONG ◽

L. CHENG ◽

Y. Q. WANG ◽

X. Z. SUN ◽

D. W. LUO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Anthelmintic Treatment ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Daily Body Weight

SUMMARYTwenty Small Tailed Han (STH) and 20 Ujumqin (UJU) ewes naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, receiving anthelmintic treatment (AT) or non-anthelmintic treatment (NonAT) prior to lambing. After lambing, the effects of AT on feed intake, digestion and milk yield in ewes, and the growth rates of lambs fed their mother's milk were assessed for 28 days. Faecal samples were collected to determine faecal egg counts (FECs), milk was collected to measure milk yield and ewes and lambs were weighed to quantify daily body weight change. The results showed that AT significantly increased ewe dry matter intake (2411 g/d for AT and 2209 g/d for NonAT) and decreased FECs (50 eggs/g for AT and 2655 eggs/g for NonAT). All ewes lost weight after lambing, but body weight loss in the AT (43 g/d) was significantly less than in NonAT (84 g/d), and STH ewes (70 g/d) lost more weight than UJU ewes (58 g/d). Anthelmintic-treated ewes produced more milk for their lambs to consume. However, the extent of these positive effects of AT differed between STH and UJU ewes. The average daily body weight gain of lambs in AT was higher than those in NonAT. In conclusion, effective AT in ewes before lambing benefits subsequent lactation in ewes and growth rate in lambs.

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Survival feeding of pregnant and lactating cows under simulated drought conditions on all-sorghum grain rations with and without added calcium

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9700685 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (47) ◽

pp. 685 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JG Morris ◽

RJW Gartner

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Twin Pair ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Calcium Deficiency ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Simulated Drought ◽

Sorghum Grain

Eleven pairs of twin cows were fed a drought ration of either 3 kg or 4 kg of sorghum grain per head per day. The grain fed to one member of each twin pair was supplemented with 1 per cent limestone whereas the other twin received the same quantity of grain without limestone. The rations were fed to the cows during the last 100 days of pregnancy and first 10 weeks of lactation. Cows fed 3 kg sorghum grain a day had a significantly greater rate of body weight loss than those fed 4 kg grain during pregnancy but not during lactation. No clinical signs of calcium deficiency were observed in cows fed the all-grain ration without 1 per cent limestone nor was rate of body weight loss affected. Neither the birth weight nor the growth rate of the calves was affected by the addition of calcium to the ration ; however, calves suckling cows fed 4 kg grain a day had a significantly greater rate of body weight gain than those suckling cows fed 3 kg grain.

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COMPARISON OF CORN AND OAT BASED CONCENTRATES FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas69-012 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. J. Fisher ◽

V. S. Logan

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

Corn-based and oat-based concentrates were each fed with a restricted amount of hay of two qualities to lactating cows. The corn-based concentrate was consumed at a significantly higher rate (P < 0.05), 14.6 vs 11.45 kg/day, and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher solids-corrected milk production, 24.68 vs 20.42 kg/day. Metabolizable energy required per meal of solids-corrected milk produced was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the corn-based concentrate, 2.48 vs 2.14. However, body weight loss was apparently greater when the oat-based concentrate was fed.

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Cyclosporine regulates intestinal epithelial apoptosis via TGF-β-related signaling

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.90608.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (3) ◽

pp. G514-G519 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yuki Satoh ◽

Yoh Ishiguro ◽

Hirotake Sakuraba ◽

Shogo Kawaguchi ◽

Hiroto Hiraga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Protective Role ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Colonic Tissue ◽

Antibody Treatment ◽

Key Factor ◽

Effect Of Treatment

Cyclosporine is a potent immunomodulator and has a beneficial effect in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We analyzed the mechanism of the effects of cyclosporine on the regulation of epithelial apoptosis via TGF-β-related signaling, because the balance between the apoptosis and regeneration of epithelial cells seems to be a key factor to maintain the intestinal homeostasis. For this purpose, colitis was induced by treatment of 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and the effect of treatment with cyclosporine and anti-TGF-β antibody was assessed. Treatment with cyclosporine ameliorated body weight loss, mucosal destruction, and epithelial apoptosis in DSS-induced colitis. Cyclosporine was shown to upregulate the expression of TGF-β in the colonic tissue, enhance the expression of p-Smad2 and cFLIP in epithelial cells, and inhibit caspase-8 activity but not caspase-1 or -9. Upregulation of cFLIP in the colonic epithelial cells, amelioration of body weight loss, and mucosal destruction by cyclosporine were attenuated by anti-TGF-β antibody treatment. These results indicated that cyclosporine could have a protective role against epithelial apoptosis associated with upregulation of TGF-β-related signaling.

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Effect of concentrate feeding on milk yield and body-weight change of Awassi ewes and the growth of their lambs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800051018 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 441-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R.A.M. Al Jassim ◽

D.I. Aziz ◽

K. Zorah ◽

J.L. Black

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Lactation Period ◽

High Level

AbstractThe response of Awassi ewes to graded amounts of supplementary concentrate diet was examined for the first 12 weeks of lactation. The growth rate of lambs and their health status were also investigated. Seventy-five ewes were divided into three equal groups and given a basal roughage diet of shredded wheat straw at a rate of 750 g dry matter (DM) per ewe per day supplemented with a concentrate diet at three amounts, 950 g (low), 1150 g (medium) and 1350 g (high) of DM per ewe per day starting at the beginning of lactation. Ewes were adapted to the diet by feeding daily at a rate of 200 g per ewe during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. The concentrate was estimated to contain 11⋅8 MJ of metabolizable energy and 182 g of crude protein per kg DM. Ewes and their offspring were housed in a partly enclosed yard. Lambs remained with their dams continuously except for the days of milk yield measurements, when they were separated from the dam for 11 or 12 h. The ewes were examined for subclinical mastitis and the incidence of scouring in lambs was recorded.Ewes given the high level of concentrate produced more (P < 0⋅05) milk but differences between medium and low groups were significant only up to week 4 of lactation. Total milk yields during the 9 weeks test period were 58⋅5, 70⋅4 and 93⋅3 kg for the low, medium and high groups, respectively. Ewes suckling twins produced more (P < 0⋅05) milk than ewes suckling singles. The rate of weight loss was lower (P < 0⋅01) for ewes given the high feeding regime; these regained their immediate post-lambing body weight by week 10. Sex of lambs and litter size had no effect on body weight loss but ewes nursing twins tended to loose more weight during the 12 weeks suckling period. Lamb growth rates were similar (P > 0⋅05) across treatments. The daily intake of concentrate by the ewes did not affect the incidence of scouring in lambs or mastitis in ewes.On both economical and biological grounds it is recommended to offer concentrate during the first 9 weeks of lactation at levels >950 g per ewe per day in order to produce an appreciable yield of milk and restore a positive energy balance early in the ewe lactation period.

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