The effect of dietary crude protein concentration and time of weaning on milk production and body-weight change in the ewe

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
J. C. Gill ◽  
I. McHattie
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Incremental Increase

SUMMARYTwenty-seven North Country Cheviot ewes, each carrying twin foetuses and having a mean body weight at 6 weeks prior to parturition of 81 kg were individually penned and offered a constant daily intake of 16·75 MJ metabolizable energy during the last 6 weeks of gestation. At parturition the ewes were allocated to one of three dried grass/concentrate diets containing (1) 10·3, (2) 13·6 or (3) 16·9 % crude protein (CP) and 10 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg. The mean daily CP intakes for diets 1 to 3 were 273, 340 and 415 g respectively and the mean daily ME intake was 25 MJ. Within each level of dietary CP intake the lambs were weaned at either 25, 35 or 41 days of age.There were no significant diet × stage of weaning interactions in milk yield or ewe body-weight change during lactation. The mean daily levels of milk production were 2·4, 2·9 and 3·1 kg for diets 1 to 3 respectively. The corresponding values for ewe body-weight loss were 118, 170 and 265 g per day. When the diet contained 13·8% CP the incremental increase in milk production per unit increase in protein intake was 4·2 g/g. This gave an incremental increase in lamb growth rate of 0·79 g/g and was equivalent to the associated incremental increase in ewe body-weight loss.A reduction in the concentration of CP in the ewes' diet when the lambs are 3 weeks of age may be a useful practical procedure for decreasing milk production and for reducing the body-weight loss of the ewe in a frequent breeding system.

scholarly journals Analysis of factors contributing to postoperative body weight change in patients with gastric cancer: based on generalized estimation equation

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9390
Author(s):  
Qiuju Tian ◽  
Liyuan Qin ◽  
Weiyi Zhu ◽  
Shaojie Xiong ◽  
Beiwen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Total Gastrectomy ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Generalized Estimation Equation ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Aims The study aimed to explore factors contributing to body weight change over time in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy, in order to find risk factors to implement nutritional intervention beforehand. Methods A cohort of gastric cancer patients who were treated with gastrectomy from January to March 2019 at a university affiliated hospital in Shanghai were consecutively identified in this study. Demographics, disease related information, nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice score were collected before gastrectomy. In addition, body weight before surgery (T0), body weight at one month (T1), two months (T2), and three months (T3) after gastrectomy were recorded. Generalized estimation equation was used to describe body weight change and analyze factors contributing to body weight change after surgery. Results There were 49 patients recruited in the study. Patient body weight decreased by 9.2% at T1 (Wald χ = 271.173, P <0.001), 11.0% at T2 (Wald χ2 = 277.267, P <0.001), and 11.4% at T3 compared to baseline at T0 (Wald χ = 284.076, P <0.001). The results of GEE for multivariable analysis showed that surgery type (Wald χ = 6.027, P = 0.014) and preoperative BMI (Wald χ = 12.662, P = 0.005) were contributing factors of body weight change. Compared with distal gastrectomy patients, total gastrectomy patients experienced greater body weight loss (β = 2.8%, P = 0.014). Compared with patients with BMI&λτ; 18.5 kg/m2, patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2experienced greater body weight loss (β = 4.5% P = 0.026). Conclusion Gastric cancer patients experienced significant weight loss during 3 months after gastrectomy. Total gastrectomy and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2were risk factors to postoperative body weight loss for GC patients. The results suggested hinted that clinician should pay attention to postoperative nutrition status of patient undergoing total gastrectomy and obesity patients.

COMPARISON OF CORN AND OAT BASED CONCENTRATES FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher ◽  
V. S. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Corn-based and oat-based concentrates were each fed with a restricted amount of hay of two qualities to lactating cows. The corn-based concentrate was consumed at a significantly higher rate (P < 0.05), 14.6 vs 11.45 kg/day, and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher solids-corrected milk production, 24.68 vs 20.42 kg/day. Metabolizable energy required per meal of solids-corrected milk produced was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the corn-based concentrate, 2.48 vs 2.14. However, body weight loss was apparently greater when the oat-based concentrate was fed.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of recommended digestible lysine levels for primiparous lactating sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia Maria Lima Garcia ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Cheila Roberta Lehnen ◽  
Luciano Hauschild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Lactating Sows

ABSTRACT: A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the recommended levels of digestible lysine and its influence on the productive performance of primiparous lactating sows. The database consisted of 26 publications, 138 diets and 3,820 sows was developed from articles on the association between, lysine, crude protein and lactating primiparous sows. The digestible lysine levels of the studies ranged from 0.22 to 1.43% with average values of 0.85% digestible lysine in the diet, with consumption of 41.25 g day-1. The digestible lysine intake of sows was positively correlated (P<0.05) with feed intake, essential amino acids, crude protein, metabolizable energy, body weight loss sows, milk production, number and weight of piglets at weaning. Digestible lysine intake showed negative correlation (P<0.05) with backfat thickness at weaning and weaning to oestrus interval. It was observed a quadratic effect (P<0.01) of body weight loss sow and daily weight gain of piglets and a quadratic effect (P<0.01) in the weight of piglets at weaning due to increased dietary lysine level. The level of 1.04% of digestible lysine indicates less weight loss sows. The greater weight of piglets at weaning and increased daily weight gain of piglets was verified with the addition of 1.30 and 1.07% digestible lysine in the diet, respectively.

scholarly journals Weight Loss Medications in Young Adults after Bariatric Surgery for Weight Regain or Inadequate Weight Loss: A Multi-Center Study

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Toth ◽  
Gricelda Gomez ◽  
Alpana Shukla ◽  
Janey Pratt ◽  
Hellas Cena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Percent Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Weight Loss Medications

This paper presents a retrospective cohort study of weight loss medications in young adults aged 21 to 30 following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) between November 2000 and June 2014. Data were collected from patients who used topiramate, phentermine, and/or metformin postoperatively. Percentage of patients achieving ≥5%, ≥10%, or ≥15% weight loss on medications was determined and percent weight change on each medication was compared to percent weight change of the rest of the cohort. Our results showed that 54.1% of study patients lost ≥5% of their postsurgical weight; 34.3% and 22.9% lost ≥10% and ≥15%, respectively. RYGB had higher median percent weight loss (−8.1%) than SG (−3.3%) (p = 0.0515). No difference was found in median percent weight loss with medications started at weight plateau (−6.0%) versus after weight regain (−5.4%) (p = 0.5304). Patients taking medications at weight loss plateau lost 41.2% of total body weight from before surgery versus 27.1% after weight regain (p = 0.076). Median percent weight change on metformin was −2.9% compared to the rest of the cohort at −7.7% (p = 0.0241). No difference from the rest of the cohort was found for phentermine (p = 0.2018) or topiramate (p = 0.3187). Topiramate, phentermine, and metformin are promising weight loss medications for 21 to 30 year olds. RYGB patients achieve more weight loss on medications but both RYGB and SG benefit. Median total body weight loss from pre-surgical weight may be higher in patients that start medication at postsurgical nadir weight. Participants on metformin lost significantly smaller percentages of weight on medications, which could be the result of underlying medical conditions.

The summer nutrition of weaner sheep: The voluntary feed intake, body weight change, and wool production of sheep grazing the mature herbage of sown pasture in relation to the intake of dietary energy under a supplementary feeding regime

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Allden
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Herbage Intake

The effect on herbage intake of feeding energy-rich supplements to weaner sheep during periods of summer drought was examined in two field studies in a Mediterranean environment. The total intake of digestible energy (DE) and of dry matter (DM) by each sheep was also measured, and the relation of DE intake to body weight, body weight change, and wool production was studied under these supplementary feeding regimes. In both experiments the sheep grazed sown pastures which provided low quality mature herbage (DM digestibility 45-49 %) in plentiful amounts (> 800 kg DM/acre). A new method of estimating herbage digestibility based on direct weighings of the animal before and after a period of restricted grazing, was used in one experiment. The estimate of DM intake by this method was less by 5% than the value derived from a regression equation based on faecal nitrogen concentration. The results of the two studies were in good agreement. For each 100 g supplement (up to levels of 400 g DM/day) the intake of herbage decreased by 65-69 g. The daily digestible energy intake needed to maintain wool-free body weight was 176 kcalDE/kg W0.75 (equivalent to about 144 kcal metabolizable energy/kg W0.75). This value is substantially higher than the results recorded for pen-feeding experiments but is comparable with other results recorded for the grazing sheep. The production of each additional gram of clean wool was associated with an increased intake of 52 g digestible DM (230 kcal DE). However, because herbage intake was reduced when a supplement was fed, it was in fact necessary to provide 86 g DE as a supplement (i.e. 65 % more than is indicated by the previous value) in order to produce an additional gram of clean wool.

The value of Atriplex (Saltbush) and Kochia (Bluebush) species as food for sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Intake

Penned sheep were fed on species of Atriplex or Kochia, either alone or as supplements to a roughage diet. The intake and digestibility of the diets, and the weight change of the sheep were recorded. The digestible dry matter intake of A. nummularia and A. vesicaria was sufficient for maintenance of the sheep, provided that fresh water was available. There was little seasonal change in the quality of the Atriglex diets. The intake of a protein-deficient roughage was not altered by the addition of 150 g dry matter of Atriplex or Kochia as a supplement. Body weight loss was decreased or gain increased, but neither significantly, by the addition of these supplements which were high in nitrogen.

scholarly journals DNA methylation signature in blood mirrors successful weight-loss during lifestyle interventions: the CENTRAL trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Keller ◽  
Anat Yaskolka Meir ◽  
Stephan H. Bernhart ◽  
Yftach Gepner ◽  
Ilan Shelef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

Abstract Background One of the major challenges in obesity treatment is to explain the high variability in the individual’s response to specific dietary and physical activity interventions. With this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific DNA methylation changes reflect individual responsiveness to lifestyle intervention and may serve as epigenetic predictors for a successful weight-loss. Methods We conducted an explorative genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in blood samples from 120 subjects (90% men, mean ± SD age = 49 ± 9 years, body mass-index (BMI) = 30.2 ± 3.3 kg/m2) from the 18-month CENTRAL randomized controlled trial who underwent either Mediterranean/low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet with or without physical activity. Results Analyses comparing male subjects with the most prominent body weight-loss (responders, mean weight change − 16%) vs. non-responders (+ 2.4%) (N = 10 each) revealed significant variation in DNA methylation of several genes including LRRC27, CRISP2, and SLFN12 (all adj. P < 1 × 10−5). Gene ontology analysis indicated that biological processes such as cell adhesion and molecular functions such as calcium ion binding could have an important role in determining the success of interventional therapies in obesity. Epigenome-wide association for relative weight-loss (%) identified 15 CpGs being negatively correlated with weight change after intervention (all combined P < 1 × 10− 4) including new and also known obesity candidates such as NUDT3 and NCOR2. A baseline DNA methylation score better predicted successful weight-loss [area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) = 0.95–1.0] than predictors such as age and BMI (AUC ROC = 0.56). Conclusions Body weight-loss following 18-month lifestyle intervention is associated with specific methylation signatures. Moreover, methylation differences in the identified genes could serve as prognostic biomarkers to predict a successful weight-loss therapy and thus contribute to advances in patient-tailored obesity treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Season, Plumage Colour and Transport Distance on Body Weight Loss, Dead-on-Arrival and Reject Rate in Commercial End-of-Lay Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1827
Author(s):  
Enver Çavuşoğlu ◽  
Metin Petek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plumage Colour ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Transportation Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
White Plumage

Transport conditions of end-of-lay hens are important for their welfare. This study investigated the effects of season, plumage colour, and transportation distance on the welfare of end-of-lay hens. Retrospective data from 31,667,274 end-of-lay hens transported to a poultry slaughterhouse in Turkey were analysed. The mean body weight loss, dead-on-arrival (DOA) rate, and reject rate were 3.723%, 1.397%, and 0.616%, respectively. The effects of season, plumage colour, and transport distance on the evaluated parameters were all statistically significant (p < 0.001). The highest body weight loss was found in winter, while the lowest body weight loss was found in autumn. The average DOA rate was highest in spring and lowest in autumn. The highest average reject rate was found in spring (0.630%). Body weight loss, DOA rates, and reject rates were also significantly different among white and brown hens (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.016, respectively). The highest body weight loss and reject rates were found in white plumage hens, while the highest DOA rate was found in brown plumage hens. The body weight loss and DOA rate were positively correlated with transportation distance (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that more preventive measures should be taken during the transport of end-of-lay hens, especially in cold seasons such as winter, and over longer transport distances, in regard to the welfare of these animals. Additionally, the transport of these animals should be lessened to a certain distance.

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