Water intake and excretion, urinary solute excretion and some stress indicators in mink (Mustela vison): 2. Short-term response of adult males to changes in ambient temperature

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-H. Tauson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Solute Excretion

AbstractQuantitative water intake and excretion, urinary osmolality and urinary excretion of Na, K and cortisol were studied in an experiment with nine adult male mink. The experiment comprised four periods each of 3 days, and ambient temperature (Ta) was increased from 5°C to 20 °C (periods 1 to 2) and, after an interval of 1 day, continued at 20°C and then decreased to 5°C (periods 3 to 4). Three different water supplies were given, namely E: extra water in the food, N: normal ad libitum water supply or R: restricted, free access to drinking water twice daily. Intake of metabolizable energy (ME) was calculated, and the water intake and excretion data were related to ME intake. The effect of Ta on quantitative water intake and excretion was evident, with the greatest response recorded when Ta was decreased. Intake of drinking water was highest at 20 °C, as well as the total water balance. The water supply had some, but not a profound, influence on water intake and excretion, with tendencies for reduced drinking water intake and water excretion in urine for R mink. Intake of ME decreased during period 3 at 20 °C and then increased when Ta was decreased to 5°C, which was reflected by an increased 24-h excretion of Na and K as well as an increased osmolality of the urine. Therefore, it was concluded that water intake and excretion were affected by combined effects of Ta and ME intake. Generally, it was shown that the mink responded rapidly to changes in Ta, and within 24 h significant effects of the change could be recorded for several of the traits studied.

scholarly journals Water intake and excretion, urinary solute excretion and some stress indicators in mink (Mustela vison): effect of ambient temperature and quantitative water supply to lactating females

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Helene Tauson
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Solute Excretion

Lactation is a physiologically demanding period in mink production, during which kit and dam losses may occur. Ambient temperature and quantitative water supply are thought to affect animal performance and well-being, but conclusive data in the literature are sparse. Therefore, effects of ambient temperature (Ta; low, about 5° medium, about 15° high, average 20-25°) and water supply (ad libitum (N), or 10 % extra supplementation in the food (E)) were investigated regarding effects on quantitative water intake and excretion, urine osmolality and solute excretion, and urinary cortisol and catecholamines as stress indicators in an experiment with twelve lactating mink with litters of three to seven kits in three consecutive periods, lasting 3, 3 and 2 d respectively. Kit ages ranged from 15 to 20 d at the end of the experiment. Water requirement for milk production (factorial calculations) and water available for evaporation (balance component) were estimated. Period, and hence mainly Ta, had a significant influence on intake of metabolizable energy, quantitative water intake and excretion, but there was less effect of water supply. The total water intake and excretion were very high in relation to the weight of the animals as an effect of lactation. Water intake and excretion, and urinary Na excretion, seemed to be less accurately regulated compared with corresponding functions in non-lactating animals. Rectal temperature increased with increasing Ta, possibly as a means of decreasing evaporative water loss. Water output in milk was estimated to increase from 118 g/d at low Ta to 134 g/d at high Ta. The amounts of water available for evaporation were estimated to be 42, 58 and 69 g/kg0·75 at low, medium and high Ta. Cortisol data did not indicate that the animals experienced negative stress. It was concluded that prolonged periods of high Ta may be hazardous for lactating mink because of decreased intake of metabolizable energy resulting in energy deficit and excessive mobilization of body reserves simultaneously as the requirement for intake of water increases considerably.

Water intake and excretion, urinary solute excretion and some stress indicators in mink (Mustela vison): 1. Effect of ambient temperature and quantitative water supply to adult males

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-H. Tauson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Urinary Osmolality ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
Solute Excretion ◽  
Total Water Intake

AbstractThermal environment and water supply are factors which are supposed to influence the performance and well being of farm-raised mink but conclusive literature data are still very limited. The present series of experiments was conducted in order to quantify effects of thermal environment on water intake and excretion, urinary solute excretion and estimate possible stress reactions. Water intake and excretion, urinary osmolality and urinary excretion of sodium (Na), potassium (K), cortisol and catecholamines were studied in a balanced Latin-square design experiment with six adult male mink, kept at three different ambient temperatures (Ta); (5°C, 20 °C and close to 35 °C) and given three different water supplies (E: extra water in the food; N: normal ad libitum drinking water supply; R: restricted, free access to drinking water twice daily). The experiment comprised nine periods, each of 3 days. Food apparent digestibility, intake of metabolizable energy (ME), metabolic and evaporative water, oxidation of nutrients and ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) were calculated. Water intake was strongly affected by Ta, with dietary water being the major source at 5°C and 20 °C, its importance being profoundly exceeded by drinking water at 35 °C. Water excretion in urine was highest at the lowest Ta and lowest at the highest Ta. Restriction of access to drinking water resulted in lower total water intake, and excretion, mainly by decreased urinary volume, reflected by increased urinary osmolality and increased solute concentration. ME intake decreased as Ta increased but urinary and total water output per kJ ME was not significantly affected by Ta or water supply. Excretion of Na and К per kJ ME mainly monitored urinary water excretion, being highest under conditions when urine production was highest. Metabolic water made up 0·14 to 0·17 of the total water intake and evaporative loss increased from about 50 to 125 g/kg live weight (M)0·75 as Ta increased. MEm was lowest (534 kJ/kg M0·75) at 20 °C, and highest (647 kJ/kg M0·75) at 35 °C. Cortisol excretion generally tended to increase when water supply was restricted, the increase being significant at 35 °C. This, in combination with outer signs of distress in the animals, emphasized that this high temperature in combination with limited access to drinking water exposed the animals to a very stressful situation but rectal temperature remained normal, indicating intact temperature regulation mechanisms.

The voluntary intake of acetate by dairy cows given ammonium salts of short-chain fatty acids in their drinking water

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jackson ◽  
J. Hodgson ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A solution of ammonium salts of a mixture of short-chain fatty acids (mainly acetic acid) was added to the sole source of drinking water of 10 lactating Jersey cows. There was considerable variation in the concentration of salts tolerated without depression in water intake. Some animals refused solution offered at a concentration of 0·5% (w/w) whereas one animal accepted solution at a concentration of 8% (w/w) and had a mean daily intake of salts equivalent to 836 g acetic acid.2. Adjustment of the pH of the drinking solution to 6·5–7·5 increased the tolerance to the salts solution of animals which showed a low tolerance to the unadjusted solution. A mean daily intake equivalent to 480 g acetic acid was achieved without a significant depression of water intake. Replacement of 50 % of the ammonium ions by calcium increased the intake of salts by some cows but two out of eight refused the solution at a concentration of 0·5% (w/w).3. The addition of saccharine, vanilla or aniseed to a solution of the ammonium salts gave little or no improvement in acetate intake but sodium cyclamate, ethyl acetate or molasses reduced the variability between animals in their tolerance to the solution and increased the mean intake of salts. With an addition of molasses, which gave the most marked response, there was a mean daily intake of salts equivalent to 495±26 g acetic acid.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FROM SURFACE SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Victor Khoruzhy ◽  
Tetіana Khomutetska ◽  
Igor Nedashkovskіy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Supply Systems

Surface water bodies, which are sources of drinking water supply, receive a significant amount of pollution from wastewater. This negatively affects the ecological condition of water resources and poses a threat to the health and sanitary well-being of the population. The main pollutants of surface sources are: sewage of economic-fecal and industrial sewage, which contain organic pollutants, surfactants, heavy metal ions; oil products coming from industrial sites and urban areas; effluents from livestock farms and storage ponds of production waste; washing of mineral fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural lands. Adjustment of surface springs additionally affects the deterioration of water quality in them. Therefore, existing water treatment technologies may not always provide the required degree of drinking water purification. According to monitoring studies, more than 38% of water samples taken at centralized water supply facilities did not meet regulatory requirements. This situation encourages the search for ways that would create conditions for more efficient operation of water supply systems. Modernization of existing water supply facilities and application of new water treatment technologies can help solve the problem. The article illustrates constructive schemes of shore and channel water intake and treatment facilities, the use of which makes it possible to reduce the dirt retention load on the main treatment facilities, increase the reliability of fish fry protection and improve the ecological condition of reservoirs at water intake sites. For effective removal of organic matter at water treatment plants, it is advisable to use bioreactors and contact-clarifying filters. Such solutions allow not only to increase the productivity of the water treatment plant, but also significantly reduce its construction cost, simplify the operation of facilities and reduce annual operating costs.

scholarly journals Assessing health risks associated with drinking water quality (on the example of regions in Bashkortostan where oil fields are located)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
L.R. Rakhmatullina ◽  
◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Providing population with drinking water conforming to all hygienic standards is a pressing issue on territories where oil fields are located. In our research we focus on assessing water supply sources located in areas with oil fields and health risks for people who consume water from centralized water supply systems aimed at providing drinking water and water for communal use. Our research goal was to hygienically assess health risks for people living in areas where oil fields were located in Bashkortostan; these health risks were caused by people consuming water from centralized water supply systems. Our analysis was based on data obtained via laboratory research performed by «Bashkommunvodokanal» water supply facility and Bashkortostan Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology; the data were collected in 2016–2018 in Chishminskiy and Dablekanovskiy districts. Risks associated with drinking water quality were assessed taking into account all the requirements fixed in the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. Organoleptic risks related to water olfactory-reflex properties were assessed according to procedures fixed in the Methodical Guidelines MR 2.1.4.0032-11. Overall carcinogenic health risk assessed in Chishminskiy and Davlekanovskiy districts was higher than maximum permissible level due to chromium6+, DDT, lindane and arsenic detected in drinking water. Population carcinogenic risks amounted to 7 additional cases for people who consumed water supplied via water intake in Alkino-2 settlement; 69 additional cases, Isaakovskiy water intake; 76 additional cases, Kirzavodskoy water intake. Results obtained via non-carcinogenic risk assessment performed for all examined territories indicate that diseases might occur in the hormonal system (HQ =3.04–4.56), liver (HQ =2.3–3.83), and kidneys (HQ =1.47–2.45). The highest non-carcinogenic risks were detected for people who took water from Kirzavodskoy water intake in Davlekanovskiy district. We also detected unacceptable organoleptic risk (higher than 0.1) caused by excessive water hardness in Chishminskiy district. All the obtained results call for developing and implementing a set of activities aimed at reducing health risks for population.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding and short-term fasting on water and electrolyte turnover in female mink (Mustela vison)

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Wamberg ◽  
Anne-Helene Tauson ◽  
Jan Elnif
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Percentage Recovery ◽  
Osmotic Pumps ◽  
The Mean

Daily (24 h) rates of water and electrolyte turnover were measured in a conventional balance study in ten adult female pastel mink (Mustela vison) given free access to a standard mink feed for a 1-week conditioning period, followed by a 4 d experimental period and a 2 d fasting period. Drinking water was available throughout. In addition, the completeness of urine collection and the fraction of urine collected with the faeces were determined using a new experimental technique based on 24 h recoveries of specific urinary markers such as tritiatedp-aminohippuric acid ([3H]PAH) or14C-1abelled inulin ([14C]IN) continuously delivered by small Alzet® osmotic pumps implanted intraperitoneally. During feeding the mean individual percentage recovery in urine of [3H]PAH released from tbe osmotic pumps ranged from 68 to 88% (median 78%). Tbe mean percentage of urinary [3H]PAH recovered from faecal collections was 6% (range 3–12%). In response to fasting the mean individual percentage recovery of [3H]PAH in urine ranged from 62 to 78% (median 68%). For urinary [14C]IN the mean percentage recoveries in fed and fasted animals were 79 and 63% respectively. Furthermore, during fasting, withdrawal of the supplies of dietary water caused a slight but insignificant (P = 0·17) increase in the daily intake of drinking water and, hence, the animals maintained their normal water balance by a dramatic reduction in urine excretion (P < 0·001). At the same time urinary solute excretion declined significantly (P < 0·001), due in part to the cessation of dietary electrolyte intake and in part to reduced formation of urea, whereas urinary osmolality decreased only moderately. The mean 24 h balances of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl and P were close to zero and only minor differences between the feeding and fasting periods were observed. When corrected for the measured inaccuracies in urine collection the balance data obtained in the present study represent useful reference standards for normally fed and fasted non-growing mink and, to some extent, useful guidelines for future studies in experimental animals.

scholarly journals Environmental monitoring of drinking water quality of Birsk central water supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Aysylu Ayratovna Islamova ◽  
Maria Yuryevna Kolbina ◽  
Rishat Yakhievich Safikhanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
The Republic

This paper examines effects of drinking water components, namely calcium and magnesium ions on the human body as well as it lists the main diseases that occur with prolonged use of hard water. Kostarevsky water intake is described as the only source of centralized water supply of the city. The paper contains data of ecological monitoring of drinking water taken from Kostarevsky water intake in Birsk from 2015 to 2017. The authors compare drinking water in Birsk and some other cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The chemical composition of the water was determined by titrimetric, gravimetric, colorimetric, organoleptic, and microbiological methods of investigation. The results of the analysis show that the water given to the population of Birsk along the central water supply line is microbiologically favorable. The chemical composition of water almost in all respects meets the requirements of Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality. However, the analysis results show that the rigidity of the water exchange is beyond the permissible limit of the norm, which can adversely affect the health of the population. The results obtained during the work can be useful for further ecological monitoring of drinking water in Birsk, Republic of Bashkortostan.

scholarly journals MODELLING OF ARTIFICIAL INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY OF WATER INTAKE WELLS IN CRYSTALLINE ROCKS (on the example OF ZHASHKIV GROUNDWATER DEPOSIT, UKRAINE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
L.I. Petrenko ◽  
I.M. Romanyuk ◽  
N.B. Kasteltseva ◽  
I.A. Persits
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Groundwater Flow Model ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Fractured Crystalline Rocks

Global warming, as well as contamination of surface and ground water are currently the main factors that make the search for alternative sources of drinking water extremely pressing. The majority of aquifers commonly exploited for drinking water supply are contained in sedimentary deposits. Utilization of groundwater in fractured crystalline waterbearing rocks may be an alternative source of drinking water. However, experience in effective use of fractured rocks aquifer for water supply is very poor due to the lack of data on the crystalline rocks fracturing and, accordingly, their water-bearing capacity. Improving the effectiveness of using such geological environments is a very challenging task, yet possible with artificial recharge of crystalline rocks aquifers. Computation modeling is a widespread and proven way to study groundwater behavior in sedimentary deposits, unlike in fractured crystalline rocks. The present study focuses on the groundwater flow model to consider the method of improving the productivity of water intake wells in fractured crystalline rocks aquifer through artificially increase of the rocks’ fracturing. On the groundwater flow model for the Zhashkiv groundwater deposit, several scenarios with increase of the crystalline rocks fracturing were simulated and the effect on changing the well pumping rate was evaluated for one of the wells.

scholarly journals Assessing health risks associated with drinking water quality (on the example of regions in Bashkortostan where oil fields are located)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
L.R. Rakhmatullina ◽  
◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Providing population with drinking water conforming to all hygienic standards is a pressing issue on territories where oil fields are located. In our research we focus on assessing water supply sources located in areas with oil fields and health risks for people who consume water from centralized water supply systems aimed at providing drinking water and water for communal use. Our research goal was to hygienically assess health risks for people living in areas where oil fields were located in Bashkortostan; these health risks were caused by people consuming water from centralized water supply systems. Our analysis was based on data obtained via laboratory research performed by «Bashkommunvodokanal» water supply facility and Bashkortostan Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology; the data were collected in 2016–2018 in Chishminskiy and Dablekanovskiy districts. Risks associated with drinking water quality were assessed taking into account all the requirements fixed in the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. Organoleptic risks related to water olfactory-reflex properties were assessed according to procedures fixed in the Methodical Guidelines MR 2.1.4.0032-11. Overall carcinogenic health risk assessed in Chishminskiy and Davlekanovskiy districts was higher than maximum permissible level due to chromium6+, DDT, lindane and arsenic detected in drinking water. Population carcinogenic risks amounted to 7 additional cases for people who consumed water supplied via water intake in Alkino-2 settlement; 69 additional cases, Isaakovskiy water intake; 76 additional cases, Kirzavodskoy water intake. Results obtained via non-carcinogenic risk assessment performed for all examined territories indicate that diseases might occur in the hormonal system (HQ =3.04–4.56), liver (HQ =2.3–3.83), and kidneys (HQ =1.47–2.45). The highest non-carcinogenic risks were detected for people who took water from Kirzavodskoy water intake in Davlekanovskiy district. We also detected unacceptable organoleptic risk (higher than 0.1) caused by excessive water hardness in Chishminskiy district. All the obtained results call for developing and implementing a set of activities aimed at reducing health risks for population.

Saline water intake effects performance, digestibility, nitrogen and water balance of feedlot lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (13) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Ítalo Reneu Rosas de Albuquerque ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araujo ◽  
Tadeu Vinhas Voltolini ◽  
José Helder de Andrade Moura ◽  
Roberto Germano Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Santa Inês

Context Water availability is often a limiting factor for herds in the arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and nutritional status of Santa Inês sheep receiving water containing different levels of salinity. Methods Thirty-two intact Santa Inês lambs, with an average bodyweight of 21.76 ± 1.25 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design with four treatments (concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the drinking water: 640, 3200, 5760 and 8320 mg/L TDS), and eight animals per treatment. Intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, water balance, nitrogen balance, and performance of animals were evaluated. Key results Concentrations of TDS in water promoted an increasing linear effect for water intake offered via drinking trough (P = 0.01), total water intake (P = 0.02), total urine excretion (P = 0.02), total water excretion via urine (P = 0.01), water excretion via faeces (P = 0.04), total water excretion (P = 0.01), absorbed water (P = 0.02), total nitrogen intake (P = 0.04), and water intake to total weight gain ratio (P = 0.01). No effect of increasing TDS concentration was observed for intake of dry matter and nutritional fractions, nutrient digestibility, water intake via food, total faeces excretion, water balance, nitrogen excretion via faeces, nitrogen excretion via urine, total nitrogen excretion, absorbed nitrogen and nitrogen balance (P &gt; 0.05). No difference was observed in the performance of Santa Inês sheep consuming water with TDS concentration up to 8320 mg/L, which presented a daily mean weight gain of 0.105 kg/day. Conclusions Water with a concentration of TDS of up to 8320 mg/L can be used as drinking water for Santa Inês sheep. Implications Therefore, the water from wells, which is usually saline, may be an alternative to supplying small ruminants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document