THE ROLE OF TRANSITORY AND PERSISTENT SHOCKS IN THE CONSUMPTION CORRELATION AND INTERNATIONAL COMOVEMENT PUZZLES

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuma Wada
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Transitory Shocks ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
No Consumption

We study a two-country model with changes in the technological growth rate. Such changes are attributed to transitory and persistent shocks in the growth rate of technology. Cases are considered in which agents in two countries do not have enough information to distinguish between the two types of shocks; gradually, however, the persistence of the shock is recognized through the learning process. Utilizing a set of parameters obtained from U.S. and European productivity growth rates, it is then shown that (i) when persistent shocks affect the two countries identically, there is no consumption-correlation puzzle, and the international comovement puzzle becomes imperceptible; and (ii) even when persistent shocks affect the two countries differently, imperfect information plays an important role in explaining both the consumption-correlation puzzle and the international comovement puzzle (provided transitory shocks are strongly internationally correlated and are relatively larger than persistent shocks).

scholarly journals Role of carbon allocation efficiency in the temperature dependence of autotroph growth rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (31) ◽  
pp. E7361-E7368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo García-Carreras ◽  
Sofía Sal ◽  
Daniel Padfield ◽  
Dimitrios-Georgios Kontopoulos ◽  
Elvire Bestion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Performance Curves

Relating the temperature dependence of photosynthetic biomass production to underlying metabolic rates in autotrophs is crucial for predicting the effects of climatic temperature fluctuations on the carbon balance of ecosystems. We present a mathematical model that links thermal performance curves (TPCs) of photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon allocation efficiency to the exponential growth rate of a population of photosynthetic autotroph cells. Using experiments with the green alga, Chlorella vulgaris, we apply the model to show that the temperature dependence of carbon allocation efficiency is key to understanding responses of growth rates to warming at both ecological and longer-term evolutionary timescales. Finally, we assemble a dataset of multiple terrestrial and aquatic autotroph species to show that the effects of temperature-dependent carbon allocation efficiency on potential growth rate TPCs are expected to be consistent across taxa. In particular, both the thermal sensitivity and the optimal temperature of growth rates are expected to change significantly due to temperature dependence of carbon allocation efficiency alone. Our study provides a foundation for understanding how the temperature dependence of carbon allocation determines how population growth rates respond to temperature.

Relationship between some Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic factors and growth rates and somatic cell counts

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Zecconi ◽  
Enrica Binda ◽  
Vitaliano Borromeo ◽  
Renata Piccinini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Binding Protein Gene ◽  
The One

Staphylococcus aureus isolates produce several pathogenic factors. The combination of these products influences the pathogenic role of different isolates, but their specific effects are well known in the pathogenesis of udder infections. This study focused on the association of polymorphism of the coagulase gene, protein A gene, collagen-binding protein gene, and of fibrinogen-binding protein gene on somatic cell count (SCC) and on Staph. aureus growth rate. Fifty Staph. aureus isolates from 13 dairy cow herds, located in seven different provinces, were considered. The results showed a low frequency of cna gene, similar to the one observed in human isolates. Meanwhile, the high frequency of efb gene indirectly confirmed the role of this factor in bacterial pathogenesis, being associated with adhesion to epithelia. The association of these two single genes with SCC and growth rate showed to be not significant. The polymorphism of spa gene was confirmed to be significantly associated with inflammatory response and growth rate, albeit with a pattern different from the one suggested for human isolates. Sorting of isolates based on the clusters obtained by combining polymorphisms of spa and coa genes and the presence of cna and efb genes, showed that a single cluster (cluster V) was prevalent in the different herds and provinces, while the other six clusters identified were widely spread among the remaining 60% of the isolates. Results showed that clusters VI and VII had significantly higher growth rates at 3, 4, and 6 h in comparison with the other clusters. Meanwhile, quarters infected with these strains showed significantly lower SCC levels. The frequency of isolates from cluster V, suggested that they should possess pathogenic factors increasing their invasiveness, even if in the presence of a stronger inflammatory response. These results indirectly confirm previous findings on the different interactions between isolates and the udder immune system. They also suggest that isolates with higher growth rates and inducing a lower inflammatory response have better chances to spread among the herd. The relatively simple genomic method proposed in this study could be applied by an increasing number of diagnostic laboratories and could be useful in studying the epidemiology of Staph. aureus intramammary infections in dairy herds when collecting data from the field.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trends, Growth and Instability in Rice Production in Andhra Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
G. P. Sunandini ◽  
K. Solmon Raju Paul ◽  
Shakuntala Devi Irugu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Past

The study has been taken up with the objective of investigating the trends, pattern of growth and the extent of instability in area, production and productivity of rice crop in Andhra Pradesh state over a period of five and half decades from 1959-60 to 2013-14. Compound Growth Rate and Coefficient of Variation were used to calculate the annual growth rate and instability. The area, production and productivity of rice in this period has increased by 25, 201 and 138 per cent respectively. In this period, the districts were categorised and grouped under different groups based on average productivity of rice. During the study period many of the districts moved from very low productivity to high productivity group. During 1960s, 17 districts are under very low productivity group (<1500 kg/ha) and in 2010s 13 districts are under high productivity group (>3000 kg/ha). During the period 2014-19 in the divided Andhra Pradesh contribution of different productivity groups to the states paddy production was calculated and concluded that 3 districts under high productivity group (>6000kg/ha) contributed 52 per cent of the production. During 2010s annual growth rates for area, production and productivity are 4.08, 4.02 and 1.21 respectively. In all the periods in the past five and half decades, production and productivity growth rates are higher than growth rate in area except in 2010s. Instability was higher in production and area than in productivity.  The annual growth rate and the instability of production and area are higher in 2010s. Suitable crop planning is to be initiated, adoption of sustainable management practices are to be intensified to maintain the growth rate and reduce the instability in area and production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Correlation between Labour Productivity and Wages in Individual Countries’ Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 11029
Author(s):  
Irina Bogatyreva ◽  
Larisa Ilyukhina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth

The paper is concerned with the problems of evaluating and managing the correlation between labour productivity growth and wages as the most important elements of strategic development of economies in different world countries. A judicious correlation between the growth rate of labour productivity and wages affects the reduction of production costs, increase of profitability, and improvement of production efficiency. This explains the relevance of the study to evaluate interconnection between labour productivity and wages in the digital economy. The authors presented the research results of the dynamics of labour productivity and wages for individual countries in real time of 2014-2018, calculated indicators of the correlation between growth rates of average wages in the countries’ economy, described models, and developed the mechanism to manage the correlation between labour productivity and wages.

scholarly journals Population growth rates: issues and an application

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1425) ◽  
pp. 1307-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Mark Rees
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Population Growth Rates

Current issues in population dynamics are discussed in the context of The Royal Society Discussion Meeting 'Population growth rate: determining factors and role in population regulation'. In particular, different views on the centrality of population growth rates to the study of population dynamics and the role of experiments and theory are explored. Major themes emerging include the role of modern statistical techniques in bringing together experimental and theoretical studies, the importance of long-term experimentation and the need for ecology to have model systems, and the value of population growth rate as a means of understanding and predicting population change. The last point is illustrated by the application of a recently introduced technique, integral projection modelling, to study the population growth rate of a monocarpic perennial plant, its elasticities to different life-history components and the evolution of an evolutionarily stable strategy size at flowering.

scholarly journals XMAP215 promotes microtubule catastrophe by disrupting the growing microtubule end

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Farmer ◽  
Göker Arpağ ◽  
Sarah Hall ◽  
Marija Zanic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Microtubule Stability ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Enhanced Stability

ABSTRACTThe GTP-tubulin cap is widely accepted to protect microtubules against catastrophe. The GTP-cap size is thought to increase with the microtubule growth rate, presumably endowing fast-growing microtubules with enhanced stability. It is unknown what GTP-cap properties permit frequent microtubule catastrophe despite fast growth. Here, we investigate microtubules grown in vitro in the presence and absence of the microtubule polymerase XMAP215. Using EB1 as a GTP-cap marker, we find that GTP-cap size increases regardless of whether growth acceleration is achieved by increasing tubulin concentration or by XMAP215. In spite of the increased mean GTP-cap size, microtubules grown with XMAP215 display increased catastrophe frequency, in contrast to microtubules grown with more tubulin, for which catastrophe is abolished. However, microtubules polymerized with XMAP215 have large fluctuations in growth rate and EB1 intensity; display tapered and curled ends; and undergo catastrophe at faster growth rates and with higher EB1 end-localization. Our results underscore the role of growth irregularities in overall microtubule stability.

scholarly journals Role of Weather Factors in COVID-19 Death Growth Rates in Tropical Climate: A Data-Driven Study Focused on Brazil Manuscript

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kalippurayil Moozhipurath
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Percentage Points

AbstractBackgroundBrazil reported 123,780 deaths across 27 administrative regions, making it the second-worst affected country after the US in terms of COVID-19 deaths as of 3 September 2020. Understanding the role of weather factors in COVID-19 in Brazil is helpful in the long-term mitigation strategy of COVID-19 in other tropical countries because Brazil experienced early large-scale outbreak among tropical countries. Recent COVID-19 studies indicate that relevant weather factors such as temperature, humidity, UV Index (UVI), precipitation, ozone, pollution and cloud cover may influence the spread of COVID-19. Yet, the magnitude and direction of those associations remain inconclusive. Furthermore, there is only limited research exploring the impact of these weather factors in a tropical country like Brazil. In this observational study, we outline the roles of 7 relevant weather factors including temperature, humidity, UVI, precipitation, ozone, pollution (visibility) and cloud cover in COVID-19 death growth rates in Brazil.MethodsWe use a log-linear fixed-effects model to a panel dataset of 27 administrative regions in Brazil across 182 days (n=3882) and analyze the role of relevant weather factors by using daily cumulative COVID-19 deaths in Brazil as the dependent variable. We carry out robustness checks using case-fatality-rate (CFR) as the dependent variable.FindingsWe control for all region-specific time-fixed factors as well as potentially confounding time-varying factors. We observe a significant negative association of COVID-19 daily deaths growth rate in Brazil with weather factors - UVI, temperature, ozone and cloud cover. Specifically, a unit increase in UVI, maximum temperature, and ozone level independently associate with 6.0 percentage points [p<0.001], 1.8 percentage points [p<0.01] and 0.3 percentage points [p<0. 1] decline in COVID-19 deaths growth rate. Further, a percentage point increase in cloud cover associates with a decline of 0.148 percentage points [p<0.05] in COVID-19 deaths growth rate. Surprisingly, contrary to other studies, we do not find evidence of any association between COVID-19 daily deaths growth rate and humidity, visibility and precipitation. We find our results to be consistent even when we use the CFR as the dependent variable.InterpretationWe find independent protective roles of UVI, temperature, ozone and cloud cover in mitigating COVID-19 deaths growth rate, even in a tropical country like Brazil. We observe these results to be consistent across various model specifications, especially for UVI and cloud cover, even after incorporating additional time-varying weather parameters such as dewpoint, pressure, wind speed and wind gust. These results could guide health-related policy decision making in Brazil as well as similar tropical countries.

The Role of Chlorine during High Growth Rate Epitaxy

2015 ◽  
Vol 821-823 ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Karhu ◽  
Ian Booker ◽  
Jawad ul Hassan ◽  
Ivan Ivanov ◽  
Erik Janzén
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Charge Carrier ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Charge Carrier Lifetime

The influence of chlorine has been investigated for high growth rates of 4H-SiC epilayers on 4o off-cut substrates. Samples were grown at a growth rate of approximately 50 and 100 μm/h and various Cl/Si ratios. The growth rate, net doping concentration and charge carrier lifetime have been studied as a function of Cl/Si ratio. This study shows some indications that a high Cl concentration in the growth cell leads to less availability of Si during the growth process.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN THE GROWTH-POVERTY NEXUS: EVIDENCE FROM CESEE COUNTRIES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE MACEDONIAN ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Analyse Data

The paper explores the income distribution as a channel of transmission of the effects of economic growth on poverty reduction. For that purpose, we analyse data for the CESEE countries with a focus on the Macedonian economy. Since the 1990s, in the transition process to market economies, inequalities within countries in the CESEE region have risen the most. The income distribution achieved in the last decade is not sufficient to neutralise the high inequality created after 1990. The Macedonian economy shows improved income distribution in the last decade as well, which influences the level of poverty. Still, income inequality and the relative poverty rate are among the highest in the CESEE region. The study sheds light on the effects of the predistributive and redistributive factors on the level of inequality and poverty. We consider the extent to which different parts of the income distribution are affected by the process of average income growth. The main conclusion from the empirical analysis for the CESEE countries is that the sign of the growth rate of the average income of the population, in most cases, is an important predictor of the income growth rate of the quintile groups. Correlation results show that the sign of the growth rates of the average income of the population is the most important determinant for the sign of the growth rates of the average income of the quintile group for the quintiles nearest to the average income of the population.

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