scholarly journals Is the adapted Radimer/Cornell questionnaire valid to measure food insecurity of urban households in Tehran, Iran?

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Zerafati_Shoae ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
Mahmood Ghazi-Tabatabaie ◽  
Anahita Houshiar_Rad ◽  
Hajieh Fallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Child Hunger

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the validity of the adapted Radimer/Cornell questionnaire to measure food insecurity in low-income urban households in Tehran, the capital of Iran.DesignThe Radimer/Cornell questionnaire was modified and used to assess the applicability, validity and reliability of such a measure in a culturally different context of urban households in Tehran. Factor analysis and Cronbach's α were used to assess validity and reliability, respectively. Socio-economic characteristics and food consumption frequency of the household were used to assess the criterion validity of the questionnaire.SettingDistrict 20 of Tehran.SubjectsA sample of 250 Iranian nuclear households with at least one child aged 1–18 years and a non-pregnant, non-lactating woman of reproductive age, selected through a multistage random sampling method.ResultsThree scales, labelled as household, individual and child hunger, were extracted through factor analysis using varimax rotation. Internal consistency of the scales was 0.897, 0.820 and 0.796, respectively. Individual insecurity and child hunger were inversely correlated with monthly per capita income, father's education, mother's education and father's occupational status, and positively correlated with household size, as expected. However, household insecurity did not follow the same pattern. Consumption frequency of fruits, vegetables, dairy, red meat and rice declined as food insecurity status worsened, while bread and potato consumption increased.ConclusionThe results show that a modified version of the Radimer/Cornell questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to measure household food insecurity in a culturally different context. However, further modifications seem necessary to measure food insecurity at household level. Results lend support to the utility and applicability of experience-based measures in varying cultural communities.

scholarly journals Validity of an adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in urban households in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mohammadi ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
Anahita Houshiar-Rad ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Khoshfetrat ◽  
Morteza Abdollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
Food Insecurity Access

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the validity of a locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in the measurement of household food insecurity (FI) in the city of Tehran.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingUrban households were selected through a systematic cluster sampling method from six different districts of Tehran. The socio-economic status of households was evaluated using a questionnaire by means of interviews. An adapted HFIAS was used to measure FI. Content validity was assessed by an expert panel, and the questionnaire was then tested among ten households for clarity. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the measure with a number of determinants and consequences of FI. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach'sαand exploratory factor analysis. For repeatability, the questionnaire was administered twice to twenty-five households at an interval of 20 d and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated.SubjectsA total of 416 households.ResultsIn all, 11·8 %, 14·4 % and 17·5 % of the households were severely, moderately and mildly food insecure, respectively. Cronbach'sαwas 0·855. A significant correlation was observed between the two administrations of the questionnaire (r= 0·895,P< 0·001). Factor analysis of HFIAS items revealed two factors: the first five items as factor 1 (mild-to-moderate FI) and the last four as factor 2 (severe FI). Heads of food-secure households had higher education and higher job position compared with heads of food-insecure households (P< 0·001). Income and expenditure were lower in food-insecure households compared with food-secure households.ConclusionsAdapted HFIAS showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, criterion validity and reliability in assessing household FI among Tehranians.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Children’s Vitality-Relaxation Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3369
Author(s):  
Kyung-Sook Bang ◽  
Sungjae Kim ◽  
Kalevi M. Korpela ◽  
Min Kyung Song ◽  
Gumhee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Culturally Adapted

This study developed the Children’s Vitality-Relaxation Scale (CVRS) by revising the adult version of the Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS). The CVRS was translated and culturally adapted into Korean, and its reliability and validity were evaluated in a cross-sectional, descriptive design study. Data collected from 181 elementary school students in grades 4‒6 were used to test the validity and reliability of the CVRS. Exploratory factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation, known-groups comparison, and Cronbach’s alpha were used for analysis. The factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure, and all factor loadings were above 0.40. The CVRS was a seven-point Likert scale consisting of eight items, which were classified as “vitality” (four items) and “relaxation” (four items). The external construct validity with the PANAS, PSS, and SRI was acceptable. In the known-groups comparison, the CVRS score was significantly higher for boys than for girls, and the CVRS score for high-income students was higher than low-income students. The Cronbach’s α for the scale was 0.84 and ranged from 0.72–0.87 for the subscales. Results showed that the CVRS is a valid and reliable scale with acceptable psychometric characteristics in Korean children. The scale can be used to measure children’s affect in various settings.

scholarly journals VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL-RELATED MEASUREMENT SCALES AMONG LOW-INCOME MALAYSIAN SMOKER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-314
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Measurement Scales

Introduction: Tobacco is the only legal product that kills a large proportion of its consumers when used as intended by its manufacturer. The effect of nicotine as a driving substance on smoking has been established for decades. Still, very little is known on how the biopsychosocial determinants relationship affects levels of nicotine addiction in smokers, especially in the urban low-income population. The study aimed to validate measurement scales related to biopsychosocial factors that will be used in the future study to evaluate biopsychosocial components that influence nicotine addiction among urban poor smokers. Methods: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization was used to assess the factor structure. Then, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the unidimensionality, validity, and reliability of the latent construct. Results: EFA showed extraction of factors according to their original scales with all factor loading and communality's values were above 0.5. During CFA, factor loading less than 0.6 was deleted. Convergent validity verified by computing the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for every construct range between 0.528 – 0.801. The Fitness Indexes achieved the required level (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.937, Chisq/df=1.7). Meanwhile, the Discriminant Validity Index range between 0.75-0.89, which is higher than the correlation coefficient value. Internal consistency assessed from Composite Reliability range between 0.714-0.965. Conclusion: The measurement scales are valid and reliable to assess the intended constructs among low-income male smokers in the urban area.

scholarly journals Hunger in young children of Mexican immigrant families

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Kersey ◽  
Joni Geppert ◽  
Diana B Cutts
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Mexican Immigrant ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Child Hunger ◽  
Programme Participation ◽  
Mexican Immigrant Families

AbstractObjectiveTo measure rates of hunger and food insecurity among young US-born Latino children with Mexican immigrant parents (Latinos) compared with a non-immigrant non-Latino population (non-Latinos) in a low-income clinic population.Design, setting and subjectsA repeated cross-sectional survey of 4278 caregivers of children < 3 years of age in the paediatric clinic of an urban county hospital for a 5-year period from 1998 to 2003. A total of 1310 respondents had a US-born child with at least one parent born in Mexico. They were compared with a reference group comprised of non-Latino US-born participants (n = 1805). Child hunger and household food insecurity were determined with the US Household Food Security Scale.ResultsYoung Latino children had much higher rates of child hunger than non-Latinos, 6.8 versus 0.5%. Latino families also had higher rates of household food insecurity than non-Latinos, 53.1 versus 15.6%. Latino children remained much more likely to be hungry (odds ratio (OR) = 13.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.9–28.7, P < 0.01) and in household food-insecure households (OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 5.2–8.3, P < 0.01) than non-Latinos after controlling for the following variables in multivariate analysis: child's age, sex, maternal education level, single-headed household status, family size, young maternal age ( < 21 years), food stamp programme participation, TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, or ‘welfare’) programme participation and WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) usage, and reason for clinic visit (sick visit versus well-child).ConclusionYoung children in Mexican immigrant families are at especially high risk for hunger and household food insecurity compared with non-immigrant, non-Latino patients in a low-income paediatric clinic.

scholarly journals Food insecurity, low dietary diversity, and poor mental health among Syrian refugee mothers living in vulnerable areas of Greater Beirut, Lebanon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Joana Abou-Rizk ◽  
Theresa Jeremias ◽  
Georgiana Cocuz ◽  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
Lamis Jomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Syrian Refugee

Abstract Syrian refugees in Lebanon are facing vulnerabilities that are affecting their food insecurity levels. The objectives of this study were to measure dietary diversity, food insecurity (FI), and mental health status of Syrian refugee mothers in Lebanon and to explore its associations with their anemia and nutritional status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers with children under 5 years (n=433) in Greater Beirut, Lebanon. Dietary diversity was measured using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) and FI using the global Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) at the individual level. Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were measured to assess the maternal mental health status. Data on socio-economic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and hemoglobin concentrations were collected. Overall, 63.3% of the mothers had a low dietary diversity (LDD) and 34.4% were moderately to severely food insecure, with 12.5% being severely food insecure. The prevalence of PTSD, moderate depression, and severe depression were 13.2%, 11.1%, and 9.9%, respectively. A significant correlation was found between LDD and FI (P<0.001). A low-income was significantly associated with LDD and FI. Poor mental health was significantly associated with FI. LDD and FI were not associated with anemia and nutritional status of mothers. Low-income households had significantly higher intakes of grains and refined starchy staples, whereas high-income households consumed more nutritious foods and sweets. Evidence of inadequate diet quality, FI, and poor mental health among Syrian refugee mothers in Lebanon are presented. Multifaceted actions are needed to reduce FI and improve dietary diversity.

scholarly journals The Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (Version A) among Iranian Nulliparous Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Abedi ◽  
Najva Hazeghi ◽  
Poorandokht Afshari ◽  
Ahmad Fakhri
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

<p>Extreme fear of childbirth may interfere with normal process of labor and increase the rate of cesarean section.<strong> </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of a Persian version of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) among nulliparous women. In this cross-sectional study, 200 nulliparous women of reproductive age were recruited. The original form of the W-DEQ was received from corresponding author (Garthus-Niegel). This questionnaire was translated into Persian language and back-translated to English by three experts in reproductive health and psychiatry who were fluent in Persian and English. Two questionnaires namely the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) were used to check the convergent and divergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity, while the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the convergent and divergent validity of the W-DEQ. Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. Factor analysis yielded nine factors that explained 70.06% of the total variation. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.64 and the convergent validity with the BAI questionnaire was (r=0.402) and the divergent validity of W-DEQ with the DASS questionnaire was (r=0.349). The Persian W-DEQ has a good validity and reliability for measuring the fear of delivery in Iranian women of reproductive age. Using this questionnaire for nulliparous women is recommended.</p>

scholarly journals Food Insecurity Is Associated with Undernutrition but Not Overnutrition in Ecuadorian Women from Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Margaret Weigel ◽  
Rodrigo X. Armijos ◽  
Marcia Racines ◽  
William Cevallos
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Food

Household food insecurity (HFI) is becoming an increasingly important issue in Latin America and other regions undergoing rapid urbanization and nutrition transition. The survey investigated the association of HFI with the nutritional status of 794 adult women living in households with children in low-income neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, household food security status, and nutritional status indicators (dietary intake, anthropometry, and blood hemoglobin). Data were analyzed using multivariate methods. The findings identified revealed a high HFI prevalence (81%) among the urban households that was associated with lowerper capitaincome and maternal education; long-term neighborhood residency appeared protective. HFI was associated with lower dietary quality and diversity and an increased likelihood of anemia and short stature but not increased high-calorie food intake or generalized or abdominal obesity. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, low dietary diversity, anemia, and growth stunting/short stature in the Ecuadorian maternal-child population continue to be major public health challenges. The study findings suggest that improving urban food security may help to improve these nutritional outcomes. They also underscore the need for food security policies and targeted interventions for urban households and systematic surveillance to assess their impact.

scholarly journals Food security assessment in rural areas: evidence from Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Ahmadi Dehrashid ◽  
Masoud Bijani ◽  
Naser Valizadeh ◽  
Hossein Ahmadi Dehrashid ◽  
Bahram Nasrollahizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Adequate Food

Abstract Background Food security is considered a pivotal factor for the sustainable development of communities and focus on this issue in rural areas. More specifically, it is of paramount importance in developing countries. Accordingly, this descriptive-analytical study aimed to evaluate the status of food security in rural areas of Iran. The main originality of the present study is to assess the strategic future-oriented vision for food security in addition to the evaluation of the current status of the studied area. Methodology Data were collected using the standard questionnaire of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and a researcher-made close-ended questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the research instrument were confirmed by a panel of specialists and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, respectively. In addition, data analysis was performed using SPSS24 (to analyze the descriptive statistics) and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (FTOPSIS). Results According to the results, 80% of the villagers suffered from food insecurity (25% in low food insecurity situation, 42% in moderate food insecurity situation, and 13% in severe food insecurity situation). Evaluation of the factors affecting food insecurity demonstrated that economic (standardized weight of 0.566), stability (standardized weight of 0.559), and availability (standardized weight of 0.558) were the most important components affecting food insecurity. Moreover, in a systemic approach, the growth of migration from rural to urban areas, pressure on water and soil resources, and the occurrence of environmental hazards are of the most significant consequences of food insecurity. In addition, due to the excessive use of underground water for cucurbits, which is the dominant cultivation pattern in this region, the groundwater level has dropped sharply in some villages farther from the city which can be alarming for exacerbating food insecurity in the near future. Conclusion Since the low-income level of villagers, lack of job diversity, and lack of access to adequate food are the main reasons for food insecurity, in this respect, it is suggested that more attention be paid to the development of occupations and job diversity in these regions by decision-makers and policy-makers.

scholarly journals Validation of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana H Leyna ◽  
Elia J Mmbaga ◽  
Kagoma S Mnyika ◽  
Knut-Inge Klepp
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Tanzania

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to assess the construct validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure for use in rural Tanzania.DesignA cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from March to May 2005. Key adaptations to the nine-item Radimer/Cornell items included translation to Swahili, replacing the term ‘balanced diet’ with ‘full meal’ and constructing the items as questions rather than statements. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used to assess validity and reliability, respectively.SettingRural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.SubjectsAnalysis was restricted to data from 530 women aged 15–44 years who had children under 5 years old.ResultsPrincipal component factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution: (1) altered eating pattern at household level and (2) altered eating pattern at child level. The two factors accounted for 66·2 % of the total variance. The subscales developed had good reliability. Internal consistency of the scales was 0·853 and 0·784 for food insecurity at household level and food insecurity at child level, respectively. Only 14·0 % of the women reported to be food-secure and 86·0 % reported some kind of food insecurity. The Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure showed significant associations with selected sociodemographic factors in the expected directions. There was also an association with the NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and CCHIP (Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project) indicators.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the adapted Radimer/Cornell measure may have some utility in assessing food insecurity in settings like rural Tanzania.

scholarly journals The Perception and Degree of Adoption by Urbanites towards Urban Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12151
Author(s):  
Larisa Ivascu ◽  
David Frank Ahimaz ◽  
Benedict Valentine Arulanandam ◽  
Gelu-Ovidiu Tirian
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Farming ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The City

Malaysia is not shielded from the issues of food insecurity. Despite economic progression over the past few years, food insecurity is continuing to affect several vulnerable groups (Orang Asli, elderly, students, B40). It is a growing concern that should not be taken lightly, especially with the recent rise in food prices coupled with low income among vulnerable groups and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. As cities develop and expand, they stretch out and occupy former farmlands forcing farms to stop operating or move further off from the city centre. New trends like urban farming are slowly emerging, which have the potential to be a solution to the developing crises of food insecurity. This research aims to determine how relevant each of the factors, ‘confidence,’ (CF) ‘societal,’ (SC) ‘pleasantness,’ (PL) and ‘naturalness,’ (NT) are towards adopting (AD) the idea of urban farming and, if relevant, among which has the most positive impact. A mixed-method approach was used to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred and thirty-three responses were recorded and used (a significant sample size according to the G-power software). The validity and reliability of the data were also tested to affirm their quality and relevance according to the factors. The main findings revealed that ‘pleasantness’ and ‘confidence’ were strong factors for adopting urban farming, in line with Cohen’s R Square of more than 32%, which signifies a high impact toward influencing adoption. In addition, qualitative analysis shows that while positive outcomes complemented the quantitative study, practical constraints were highlighted. These constraints were space, time, supply chain, resources, tools, community and government support. Hence, this study provides two significant contributions to regulators and policymakers on urban farming (further explained in the discussions section).

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