scholarly journals Receiver-operating characteristics of adiposity for metabolic syndrome: the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
May A Beydoun ◽  
Marie T Fanelli Kuczmarski ◽  
Youfa Wang ◽  
Marc A Mason ◽  
Michele K Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African American ◽  
Life Span ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Receiver Operating

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the predictive values of various adiposity indices for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults using baseline data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) cohort.DesignIn a cross-sectional study, BMI, waist circumference (WC), body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and metabolic risk factors such as TAG, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, uric acid and C-reactive protein were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analyses were conducted.SettingBaltimore, Maryland.SubjectsWhite and African-American US adults (n 1981), aged 30–64 years.ResultsIn predicting risk of MetS using obesity-independent National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, percentage total body fat mass (TtFM) assessed using DEXA measuring overall adiposity had no added value over WC. This was true among both men (area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0·680 v. 0·733 for TtFM and WC, respectively; P < 0·05) and women (AUC = 0·581 v. 0·686). Percentage rib fat mass (RbFM) was superior to TtFM only in women for MetS (AUC = 0·701 and 0·581 for RbFM and TtFM, respectively; P < 0·05), particularly among African-American women. Elevated percentage leg fat mass (LgFM) was protective against MetS among African-American men. Among white men, BMI was inferior to WC in predicting MetS. Optimal WC cut-off points varied across ethnic–sex groups and differed from those recommended by the National Institutes of Health/North American Association for the Study of Obesity.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that WC is among the most powerful tools to predict MetS, and that optimal cut-off points for various indices including WC may differ by sex and race.

Sociodemographic Influences in the Prediction of Attitudes toward Transracial Adoption

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Doty Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Transracial Adoption ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Category

An exploratory study of attitudes toward transracial adoption was conducted, using data from a 1991 national telephone opinion survey of 916 respondents. Seventy-one percent of those surveyed believed that race should not be a factor in who should be allowed to adopt a child. However, in a logistic regression analysis, respondents in the highest age category (i.e., those older than 64 years) were 63% less likely to approve of transracial adoption, compared with 18- to 29-year-olds. There was also an interaction of race and sex. African-American women were 84% less likely than African-American men to approve of transracial adoption. Compared with African-American men, Caucasian men were 72% less likely to approve. The importance of considering subpopulation differences in applying such findings to adoption policy, research, and practice is discussed.

Age Differences in Knowledge about HIV Transmission among African-American Men and Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Kathleen Burlew
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Older African Americans ◽  
The Difference

To test whether knowledge about HIV transmission may be one contributing factor to the disproportionately high rates of HIV and AIDS cases among older African Americans, this study examined data from 448 African-American men and women, who completed the AIDS Knowledge and Awareness Scale. Overall the findings supported the hypothesis that older African Americans were not as knowledgeable as their younger counterparts. However, the analyses also indicated older (age 61+) African-American women were significantly less knowledgeable about HIV transmission than the younger women. However, the difference between older and younger men was not significant. One implication is that older African Americans, especially women, should be targets of educational efforts.

Abstract P084: Associations of Anger and Hostility with the Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-sectional Analyses from the Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice E Williams ◽  
Sharon B Wyatt ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Thomas H Mosley ◽  
Patricia M Dubbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African American ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Study

There is evidence that anger and hostility are positively associated with the metabolic syndrome. In turn, the metabolic syndrome mediates the association between anger and hostility and adverse cardiac events. Very little is known about these associations in African-American populations. We assessed the hypothesis that anger and hostility are positively associated with the metabolic syndrome in an African-American cohort. Participants were 2,732 African-American men and women, ages 45 – 95, who were enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study at baseline. Anger was measured using the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Inventory, and hostility was measured using the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. The metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Overall anger, components anger-in and anger-out, and hostility scores were entered into separate logistic regression models as continuous variables. In models adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and physical activity, higher levels of overall anger (β = 0.024, p = 0.006), anger-in (β = 0.028, p = 0.04), anger-out (β = 0.037, p = 0.04), and hostility (β = 0.021, p = 0.04) were associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The correlation between anger and hostility was statistically significant but not strong (r = 0.38, p <0.0001). In men, 5 of the 16 individual anger items were significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome. The strongest was “I lose my temper” (β = 0.395, p = 0.003) and “I tend to harbor grudges” (β = 0.314, p = 0.008). In women, only 1 anger item, “I make sarcastic remarks” (β = 0.189, p = 0.04) was associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, higher levels of overall anger, anger-in, anger-out, and hostility were associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in middle- and older-aged African-American men and women. In men, an angry temperament and a tendency to hold grudges were particularly strong correlates of the metabolic syndrome. Increased understanding of the negative emotions anger and hostility among African-Americans may provide greater insights into cardiovascular disease risk in their population.

Gender Differences in the Dating Experiences of African American Young Adults: The Challenge of Forming Romantic Relationships Within the Context of Power Imbalance

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Gordon Simons ◽  
Tara E. Sutton ◽  
Antoinette M. Landor ◽  
Ashley B. Barr ◽  
Chalandra M. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Using Data ◽  
American Young Adults

Past research has documented that structural factors produce a skewed dating market in African American communities that advantages men over women. Using data collected from a sample of 495 African American young adults (55.8% women, Mage = 22), we tested the idea that African American men can be more selective when choosing dating partners than their female counterparts due to their power advantage. Consonant with this hypothesis, our results indicated that women who had characteristics consistent with men’s mate preferences were significantly more likely to be involved in dating relationships. However, there were no associations between the likelihood of men’s dating frequency or relationship status and whether they typified women’s mate preferences. These findings support the contention that, unlike their male counterparts, African American women may have to compromise their mate preferences and date less desirable partners due to the gendered power disadvantage in the dating market.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal African-American Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Adams-Campbell ◽  
C. Dash ◽  
B. Kim ◽  
J. Hicks ◽  
K. Makambi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
American Women

Gender as a Moderator of the Relation between Race-Related Stress and Mental Health Symptoms for African Americans

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawanda M. Greer ◽  
Adrian Laseter ◽  
David Asiamah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
American Women ◽  
Stress Appraisals ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Race Related Stress

The present study tested gender as a moderator of the relationship between race-related stress and mental health symptoms among African American adults. Because African American women are exposed to stressors associated with race and gender, we hypothesized that African American women would have higher levels of race-related stress and more severe mental health outcomes related to experiences of race-related stress compared to African American men. Multivariate analyses revealed that African American men had higher stress appraisals for institutional racism than did women. No significant gender differences were found for cultural and individual racism. Moderated regression analyses revealed that increases in stress appraisals for individual racism were associated with increases in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms for African American women. Race-related stress had no significant effects on mental health symptoms for African American men. The findings suggest that gender is an important factor in determining the impact of race-related stress on mental health.

scholarly journals Search for Identity and Self-Realization in Toni Morrison'sBeloved.

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Assist. Instr. Alaa Sadoon Muhsen.
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
American Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women's Relationships ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Black Writing

       This paper aims at exploring the search for identity and the ways in which Toni Morrison has systematically recast the image and reconstructed the identity of African American women in her novel Beloved. She employs different means such as pure black writing, love and myth by which she re-opens new doors for the African American women to achieve and reconstruct their identities in the community of slavery. Drawing upon womanist and postmodern theories of identity construction, and incommensurability, this paper argues that African American femininity is relationally constructed. In essence, black women's relationships with their children (especially their daughters), their men, and the White community of brutal slavery define who they are, determine how they perceive themselves, and, largely, dictate their capacity for success and survival.Though many scholars contend that Morrison's Beloved situates individual and collective memory as the vehicle by which such self-identification is achieved. It  maintains that it is not until African American women and African American men are able to put their stories together and to identify new ways of  seeing and relating to the other can they create any real sense of self-worth.  Many scholars support this assessment as Morrison offers it through a reconstruction of personal and community histories and ancestral reclamation whereby the entire characters move on a continuum from a repressive slave perspective to an open, accepting, free perspective of self and environment. Therefore, (re)memory alone is not sufficient. There must be collaboration to weave the pieces, the fragments of the past into a tapestry that might provide warmth and security for the future.

African American Women Chemists

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Brown
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
African American Woman ◽  
American Woman ◽  
The United States ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
American Women ◽  
Race And Gender

Dr. Marie Maynard Daly received her PhD in Chemistry from Columbia University in 1947. Although she was hardly the first of her race and gender to engage in the field, she was the first African American woman to receive a PhD in chemistry in the United States. In this book, Jeannette Brown, an African American woman chemist herself, will present a wide-ranging historical introduction to the relatively new presence of African American women in the field of chemistry. It will detail their struggles to obtain an education and their efforts to succeed in a field in which there were few African American men, much less African American women. The book contains sketches of the lives of African America women chemists from the earliest pioneers up until the late 1960's when the Civil Rights Acts were passed and greater career opportunities began to emerge. In each sketch, Brown will explore women's motivation to study the field and detail their often quite significant accomplishments. Chapters focus on chemists in academia, industry, and government, as well as chemical engineers, whose career path is very different from that of the tradition chemist. The book concludes with a chapter on the future of African American women chemists, which will be of interest to all women interested in science.

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