scholarly journals Prenatal mercury exposure and infant birth weight in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2071-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Vejrup ◽  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Helle K Knutsen ◽  
Per Magnus ◽  
Jan Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between calculated maternal dietary exposure to Hg in pregnancy and infant birth weight in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).DesignExposure was calculated with use of a constructed database of Hg in food items and reported dietary intake during pregnancy. Multivariable regression models were used to explore the association between maternal Hg exposure and infant birth weight, and to model associations with small-for-gestational-age offspring.SettingThe study is based on data from MoBa.SubjectsThe study sample consisted of 62 941 women who answered a validated FFQ which covered the habitual diet during the first five months of pregnancy.ResultsMedian exposure to Hg was 0·15 μg/kg body weight per week and the contribution from seafood intake was 88 % of total Hg exposure. Women in the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile of Hg exposure delivered offspring with 34 g lower birth weight (95 % CI −46 g, −22 g) and had an increased risk of giving birth to small-for-gestational-age offspring, adjusted OR = 1·19 (95 % CI 1·08, 1·30). Although seafood intake was positively associated with increased birth weight, stratified analyses showed negative associations between Hg exposure and birth weight within strata of seafood intake.ConclusionsAlthough seafood intake in pregnancy is positively associated with birth weight, Hg exposure is negatively associated with birth weight. Seafood consumption during pregnancy should not be avoided, but clarification is needed to identify at what level of Hg exposure this risk might exceed the benefits of seafood.

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcome among HIV-infected women on different antiretroviral therapies in Ethiopia: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e027344
Author(s):  
Yohannes Ejigu ◽  
Jeanette H Magnus ◽  
Johanne Sundby ◽  
Maria C Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Zidovudine Monotherapy ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare pregnancy outcomes according to maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens.DesignA retrospective cohort study.Participants and settingsClinical data was extracted from ART exposed pregnancies of HIV-infected Ethiopian women attending antenatal care follow-up in public health facilities in Addis Ababa between February 2010 and October 2016.OutcomesThe primary outcomes evaluated were preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age.ResultsA total 1663 of pregnancies exposed to ART were included in the analyses. Of these pregnancies, 17% resulted in a preterm birth, 19% in low birth weight and 32% in a small-for-gestational-age baby. Compared with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiated during pregnancy, zidovudine monotherapy was less likely to result in preterm birth (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64) and low birth weight (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.94). We observed no differential risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age, when comparing women who initiated HAART during pregnancy to women who initiated HAART before conception. The risk for preterm birth was higher in pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.96) compared with pregnancies exposed to efavirenz-based HAART. Comparing nevirapine-based HAART with efavirenz-based HAART indicated no strong evidence of increased risk of low birth weight or small-for-gestational-age.ConclusionsWe observed a higher risk of preterm birth among women who initiated HAART during pregnancy compared with zidovudine monotherapy. Pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART also had a greater risk of preterm births compared with efavirenz-based HAART.

scholarly journals Quantifying Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth and Small-for-Gestational-Age Effects of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Population Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e100247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus J. Rijken ◽  
Alysha M. De Livera ◽  
Sue J. Lee ◽  
Machteld E. Boel ◽  
Suthatsana Rungwilailaekhiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Selenium Intake during Pregnancy Is Associated with Higher Birth Weight and Lower Risk of Small for Gestational Age Births in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Pol Solé-Navais ◽  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Ida Henriette Caspersen ◽  
Thomas Lundh ◽  
Louis J. Muglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Dietary Selenium ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Selenium Intake ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Increased Risk

Selenium is an essential trace element involved in the body’s redox reactions. Low selenium intake during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight and an increased risk of children being born small for gestational age (SGA). Based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), we studied the association of maternal selenium intake from diet and supplements during the first half of pregnancy (n = 71,728 women) and selenium status in mid-pregnancy (n = 2628 women) with birth weight and SGA status, according to population-based, ultrasound-based and customized growth standards. An increase of one standard deviation of maternal dietary selenium intake was associated with increased birth weight z-scores (ß = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.041) and lower SGA risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.97) after adjusting for confounders. Maternal organic and inorganic selenium intake from supplements as well as whole blood selenium concentration were not associated with birth weight or SGA. Our results suggest that a maternal diet rich in selenium during pregnancy may be beneficial for foetal growth. However, the effect estimates were small and further studies are needed to elucidate the potential impact of selenium on foetal growth.

scholarly journals Associations between maternal dietary patterns and infant birth weight, small and large for gestational age in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1270-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Englund-Ögge ◽  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Julius Juodakis ◽  
Margareta Haugen ◽  
Helle Margrete Meltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Infant Birth

scholarly journals Perinatal Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age in Twin Pregnancies: Twin vs. Singleton Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Veronica Giorgione ◽  
Corey Briffa ◽  
Carolina Di Fabrizio ◽  
Rohan Bhate ◽  
Asma Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Twin pregnancies are commonly assessed using singleton growth and birth weight reference charts. This practice has led to a significant number of twins labelled as small for gestational age (SGA), causing unnecessary interventions and increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. However, the use of twin-specific charts remains controversial. This study aims to assess whether twin-specific estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birth weight (BW) charts are more predictive of adverse outcomes compared to singleton charts. Centiles of EFW and BW were calculated using previously published singleton and twin charts. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square or McNemar tests. The study included 1740 twin pregnancies, with the following perinatal adverse outcomes recorded: perinatal death, preterm birth <34 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and admissions to the neonatal unit (NNU). Twin-specific charts identified prenatally and postnatally a smaller proportion of infants as SGA compared to singleton charts. However, twin charts showed a higher percentage of adverse neonatal outcomes in SGA infants than singleton charts. For example, perinatal death (SGA 7.2% vs. appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 2%, p < 0.0001), preterm birth <34 weeks (SGA 42.1% vs. AGA 16.4%, p < 0.0001), HDP (SGA 21.2% vs. AGA 13.5%, p = 0.015) and NNU admissions (SGA 69% vs. AGA 24%, p < 0.0001), when compared to singleton charts (perinatal death: SGA 2% vs. AGA 1%, p = 0.029), preterm birth <34 weeks: (SGA 20.6% vs. AGA 17.4%, p = 0.020), NNU admission: (SGA 34.5% vs. AGA 23.9%, p < 0.000). There was no significant association between HDP and SGA using the singleton charts (p = 0.696). In SGA infants, according to the twin charts, the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was significantly more common than in SGA using the singleton chart (27.0% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, singleton charts misclassify a large number of twins as at risk of fetal growth restriction. The evidence suggests that the following twin-specific charts could reduce unnecessary medical interventions prenatally and postnatally.

scholarly journals Maternal seafood consumption and infant birth weight, length and head circumference in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir ◽  
Helle Margrete Meltzer ◽  
Helen Engelstad Kvalem ◽  
Jan Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Lean Fish ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Infant Birth

Results from previous studies on associations between maternal fish and seafood intakes and fetal growth are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate how maternal intakes of seafood, subtypes of seafood and supplementary n-3 fatty acids were associated with infant birth weight, length and head circumference in a prospective study in Norway. The study population included 62 099 participants in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The mothers answered an FFQ in mid pregnancy. The FFQ comprised detailed questions about intake of various seafood items and n-3 supplements. Data on infant birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry. We used multivariable regression to examine how total seafood, various seafood subtypes and supplementary n-3 intakes were associated with birth size measures. Total seafood intake was positively associated with birth weight and head circumference. Lean fish was positively associated with all birth size measures; shellfish was positively associated with birth weight, while fatty fish was not associated with any birth size measures. Intake of supplementary n-3 was negatively associated with head circumference. The relative risk of giving birth to a small baby ( < 2500 g) in full-term pregnancies was significantly lower in women who consumed >60 g/d of seafood than in women who consumed ≤ 5 g/d (OR = 0·56 (95 % CI 0·35, 0·88). In conclusion, maternal seafood consumption was positively associated with birth size, driven by lean fish intake, while supplementary n-3 intake was negatively associated with infant head circumference.

scholarly journals Dengue during pregnancy and live birth outcomes: a cohort of linked data from Brazil

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e023529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny S Paixão ◽  
Oona M Campbell ◽  
Maria Gloria Teixeira ◽  
Maria CN Costa ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesDengue is the most common viral mosquito-borne disease, and women of reproductive age who live in or travel to endemic areas are at risk. Little is known about the effects of dengue during pregnancy on birth outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of maternal dengue severity on live birth outcomes.Design and settingWe conducted a population-based cohort study using routinely collected Brazilian data from 2006 to 2012.ParticipatingWe linked birth registration records and dengue registration records to identify women with and without dengue during pregnancy. Using multinomial logistic regression and Firth method, we estimated risk and ORs for preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation), low birth weight (<2500 g) and small for gestational age (<10thcentile). We also investigated the effect of time between the onset of the disease and each outcome.ResultsWe included 16 738 000 live births. Dengue haemorrhagic fever was associated with preterm birth (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4) and low birth weight (OR=2.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.0), but there was no evidence of effect for small for gestational age (OR=2.1; 95% CI 0.4 to 12.2). The magnitude of the effects was higher in the acute disease period.ConclusionThis study showed an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes in women with severe dengue during pregnancy. Medical intervention to mitigate maternal risk during severe acute dengue episodes may improve outcomes for infants born to exposed mothers.

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