scholarly journals An evaluation of the effectiveness of the flour iron fortification programme in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quenia dos Santos ◽  
Eduardo AF Nilson ◽  
Eliseu Verly Junior ◽  
Rosely Sichieri
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present communication reports a strategy to calculate the intake of Fe based on data available for folic acid and evaluate the programme of flour fortification in Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study conducted in Brazil during 2008 and 2009. A 2d dietary record of individuals was used. The usual intake of folic acid by sex and age group was estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. The quantity of folic acid and Fe established by mandatory food fortification in Brazil was used, and based on that quantity we calculated the amount of flour consumed and the intake of Fe from fortification and Fe from food. Then, the absorption of each nutrient was calculated.SettingBrazilian households (n 16 764).SubjectsIndividuals (men and women, n 34 003, aged 10 to 60+ years) from a Brazilian nationwide survey.ResultsMean intake and absorption of Fe from fortification (electrolytic Fe) was low in men and women.ConclusionsThe impact from the consumption of fortified products is small in relation to Fe intake in Brazil. The strategy proposed to estimate Fe intake from the fortification programme indicates that the amount of flour intake observed in Brazil does not justify the current ranges of mandatory flour fortification and the form of Fe that is mainly used (electrolytic Fe).

scholarly journals Household food unavailability due to financial constraints affects the nutrient intake of children

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-820
Author(s):  
Hitomi Suga
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Statistical Trends

Abstract Background A household’s food unavailability due to financial constraints may act as a barrier to a healthy diet for children. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between food unavailability due to financial constraints and the nutrient intake of children aged 1–15 years using data of a nationwide survey among the Japanese population. Methods Datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Survey and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan, 2014 were used for this study. The dietary intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated using a one-day dietary record. Participants were categorized into four subgroups, according to their households’ frequency of food unavailability due to financial constraints. The adjusted means and 95% confidential intervals of the energy and nutrient intakes in each subgroup were calculated using analysis of covariance. The statistical trends across the subgroups were examined using analysis of covariance. Results Of the 895 children included in the analysis, 202 (22.6%) were classified into subgroups with frequent food unavailability due to financial constraints. Significant decreases in the mean intakes of carbohydrate, calcium, retinol activity equivalents, riboflavin, folate and vitamin C were observed with increases in the frequency of households’ food unavailability. In contrast, frequent food unavailability was associated with higher total fat and vitamin B12 intake. Conclusion A substantial proportion of children in Japan experienced food unavailability due to financial constraints, and this affected their nutrient intake. Adopting a population approach may help overcome this problem.

scholarly journals Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mall Leinsalu ◽  
Rainer Reile ◽  
Andrew Stickley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundIn the 2000s, the Baltic countries experienced unprecedented credit-driven economic growth that was followed by a deep recession. This study examined the impact of profound macroeconomic changes on population mental health in Estonia in 2004–2016.MethodsData on 17 794 individuals in the 20–64 age group were obtained from seven nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. The prevalence of past 30-day depression was calculated for men and women further stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess whether these characteristics were associated with the yearly variation in depression.ResultsIn 2006, the adjusted prevalence ratio for depression was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.93) for men and 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.97) for women as compared with 2004; in 2010, the prevalence ratio as compared with 2008 for both men and women was 1.22 (95% CIs 1.04 to 1.43 and 1.09 to 1.37, respectively). Among men, the increase in the prevalence of depression in 2008–2010 was statistically significant for 35–64 year olds, ethnic Estonians, those who were married, mid-educated or were employed, whereas among women, a significant increase was observed in 50–64 year olds, Estonians and non-Estonians, those who were not-married, were highly educated or mid-educated, in the mid-income group or were employed.ConclusionsPopulation mental health is responsive to macroeconomic changes. In less wealthy high-income countries, the greater impact of recession on depression among advantaged groups may relate to a higher debt burden coupled with job insecurity.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on Otolaryngology trainees: A comprehensive nationwide cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma S. Al Sharhan ◽  
Mohammed H. Al Bar ◽  
Abdulmalik S. AlSaied ◽  
Abdulaziz S. ALEnazi ◽  
Hussain J. Aljubran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: As a consequence of the COVID-19 global pandemic, otolaryngology residents are at high risk due to the nature of the specialty and long work hours. Moreover, COVID-19 could have a severe impact on residents from different frontline specialties, particularly otolaryngology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nationwide survey providing insights into the impact of COVID-19 on otolaryngology residents.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among all otolaryngology training centers of Saudi Arabia to investigate the extent of the impact of COVID-19 on otolaryngology residents and the learning process.Results: A total of 152 residents were contacted to participate in the study, and 101 participants were included after successfully completing the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 28.12 years (S.D. = 1.89, max = 36, min = 25). There has been a significant impact on outpatient clinics, elective operations, consultations, and working hours. Also, we evaluated the impact on academic training activities, the frequency of training activities per week, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on otolaryngology residents as well.Conclusion: COVID-19 has had a serious impact on residents both physically and mentally; otolaryngology residents have been hit especially hard by this emergency pandemic period. Trainees suffered from excessive worries regarding clinical training, specifically academic concerns for different training levels. Further studies need to be done here in Saudi Arabia to evaluate this impact in greater detail and to protect the residents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of foot health related quality of life in individuals with foot problems by gender: a cross-sectional comparative analysis study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e023980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel López-López ◽  
Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo ◽  
Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias ◽  
Patricia Palomo-López ◽  
David Rodríguez-Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveFoot problems (FP) may be considered to be a prevalent conditions in people but there is limited evidence of their effect on the quality of life (QoL) related to foot health in men and women. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of FPs on both overall foot health and QoL, stratified by gender.DesignA cross sectional study.SettingClinic of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery at University of A Coruña in the city of Ferrol (Spain).SubjectsThe sample consisted of 1647 participants with FP; the total population of the sample had a mean age of 43.24±19.89 years, with mean ages 44.09±21.36 years and 42.94±19.34 years for men and women, respectively.MethodsMeasurement of sociodemographic characteristics include age, sex and body mass index. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) was used to evaluate the general health and foot health. Differences between groups were evaluated by means of a t-test for independent samples.ResultsWomen with FP showed significantly lower scores in the domains of Foot Pain, Foot Function, Footwear, General Foot Health, Physical Activity and Vigour, and there was no difference compared with men in the domains of Overall Health and Social Capacity.ConclusionsWomen with FP present a negative impact on QoL related to foot health as compared with men except in the domains of Overall Health and Social Capacity, which appears to be associated with the presence of foot conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Urology Practice in Indonesia: A Nationwide Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Rasyid ◽  
Ponco Birowo ◽  
Dyandra Parikesit ◽  
Fakhri Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Message Service ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected daily practices in health care services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on urology practice in Indonesia.Methods.This was a cross-sectional study using web-based questionnaire (Survey Monkey), which was distributed and collected within a period of three weeks. All practicing urologists in Indonesia were sent an e-questionnaire link via E-mail, WhatsApp Messenger application, and/or short message service, and the chief of residents in each urology centre distributed the e-questionnaire to urology residents.ResultsThe response rate was 369/485 (76%) among urologists and 220/220 (100%) among urology residents. Less than 10 percent of the responses in each section were incomplete. There are 35/369 (9.5%) Nine percent of urologists and 59/220 (26.8%) of urology residents had been suspected as COVID-19 patients, of whom seven of them were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive. The majority of urologists (66%) preferred to continue face-to-face consultations with a limited number of patients, and more than 60% of urologists preferred to postpone the majority (66%) or all elective surgery. Most urologists also chose to postpone elective surgery in patient with COVID-19-related symptoms and patient who required post-operative ICU-care. Urologist and urology residents reported high rates of using personal protective equipment, except for medical gowns and N95 masks, which were in short supply. Several uro-oncology surgeries were considered to be the top priority for Indonesian urologist during COVID-19 epidemic period.Conclusion.The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on urology practice in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The impact of tendonitis and RSI/WMSD on HRQoL according to gender: a population based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D B O Souza ◽  
L P Barbosa ◽  
P A Santini ◽  
M B A Barros ◽  
M G Lima
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occupational Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)/Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) and tendonitis are considered a serious problem in the area of Occupational Health. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of these disorders on the adult population of a metropolis in the state of São Paulo and to analyze their impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), according to gender. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the “Campinas City Health Survey (ISACamp 2014/15)”. The sample consisted of 2,166 individuals aged 18 years or older and the SF-36 instrument was used for HRQoL analysis. The association between the variables was verified by the chi-square test and the Poisson simple and multiple regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR). In HRQoL estimates, the average SF-36 scores were calculated according to the independent variables. Results The prevalence of tendonitis and RSI/WMSD was 8.5%, with 6.7% tendonitis and 2.7% RSI/WMSD. The prevalence was higher among women (11%; 1.34-2.56), on individuals aged between 40-59 years (PR = 3.63; 2.28-5.80), who were on occupational activity (PR = 2.04; 1.12-3.68) or on work leave (PR = 7.07; 2.77-18.03) and on the most educated (PR = 2.45; 1.28-4.70). Subjects with these morbidities decreased in 6 of the 8 HRQoL domains and on stratification by gender, we observed that women had greater decreases in mental component scores in the presence of RSI/WMSD and men in physical component (p < 0.05). Conclusions The diseases analyzed can affect men and women differently, and it is essential to consider the peculiarity of the impact between the sexes in the elaboration of interventions and preventive measures aimed at improving the quality of life. Key messages No population-based studies were found that assess the impact of RSI/WMSD on HRQoL, according to gender differences, showing the relevance of this study. It is very important to understand how these diseases affect men and women differently so that specific and more effective preventive and rehabilitative measures can be carried out.

Precarious employment and stress: any differences between objective or subjective measures of stress?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Julià ◽  
O Pozo ◽  
A Gómez-Gómez ◽  
M Bolíbar
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cortisol Metabolites

Abstract Background Precarious employment is an emerging social determinant of health and health inequalities. It is known that it has an impact on health and could be a potential stressor. This study aims to examine the association between precarious employment and stress measured in two different ways: subjectively (questionnaire) and objectively (cortisol and its metabolites concentrations in hair, considered biomarkers of chronic stress). Methods Cross-sectional study in a sample of 256 workers of Barcelona, Spain, aged 25-60. We conducted a survey including questions on multidimensional precarious employment assessed by EPRES (Precarious Employment Scale), and perceived stress (measured through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)). We also collected hair samples to measure cortisol and metabolites concentrations. The associations between precarious employment and stress were assessed using lineal regression models, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and BMI. Results Preliminary analyses show an association between precarious employment and perceived stress for both men and women (B = 5.4,CI95%:3.8-7.1 and B = 5.4,CI95%:3.2-7.7 respectively). While we did not find significant association between precarious employment and Cortisol, we did in several biomarkers of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis for the case of women: 20α-Dihydrocortisol (B = 2.4;CI95%:0.1-4.6), 20β-Dihydrocortisol (B = 1.6;CI95%:-0.4-2.7) and 11-Dehydrocorticosterone (B = 0.6;CI95%:0.0-1.2). Conclusions This study found evidence of association between precarious employment and stress. The results were more robust when stress is measured by means of subjective self-reports than by objective measures of cortisol metabolites, implying that precarious employment has a clearer impact on wellbeing and mental health than in physical and hormonal responses. Further research is needed to validate and understand differences among outcomes, as well as differences between men and women. Key messages Some evidence of association between precarious employment and stress, measured both by subjective self-reported measures and by objective measures of cortisol metabolites existed. More research is needed to understand the differences between objective and subjective stress on the impact of precarious employment and differences among indicators for men and women.

scholarly journals A nationwide survey of fatigue in cancer patients in Taiwan: an unmet need

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Ming Rau ◽  
Shiow-Ching Shun ◽  
Tzeon-Jye Chiou ◽  
Chang-Hsien Lu ◽  
Wei-Hsu Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is an emerging clinical issue, although its prevalence and impact on quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients in Taiwan remain unclear. The present nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted to provide a thorough overview of the prevalence, related factors and impact of CRF in Taiwan. Methods In this multi-center survey, data were collected using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) Fatigue evaluation, Brief Fatigue Inventory–Taiwan (BFI-T), the Chinese version of the Symptom Distressed Scale and a fatigue experience survey. Logistic regression was used to determine the correlations between fatigue characteristics and the factors studied. Results A total of 1207 cancer patients were recruited from 23 hospitals in Taiwan. Fatigue was the most distressing symptom in Taiwanese cancer patients. The distress score was higher if CRF was diagnosed using ICD-10 compared with BFI-T. Rest and nutritional supplementation were the most common non-pharmacological treatments; blood transfusion was the most common pharmacological treatment. There were 45% of patients reported not receiving a timely intervention for fatigue. Conclusions Fatigue is the most bothersome symptom reported by Taiwanese cancer patients. Caregivers should be aware of the impact of CRF on QOL in cancer patients, constantly measure the severity of fatigue and provide appropriate interventions.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

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