Developing and validating a nutrition knowledge questionnaire: key methods and considerations

AbstractObjectiveTo outline key statistical considerations and detailed methodologies for the development and evaluation of a valid and reliable nutrition knowledge questionnaire.DesignLiterature on questionnaire development in a range of fields was reviewed and a set of evidence-based guidelines specific to the creation of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire have been developed. The recommendations describe key qualitative methods and statistical considerations, and include relevant examples from previous papers and existing nutrition knowledge questionnaires. Where details have been omitted for the sake of brevity, the reader has been directed to suitable references.ResultsWe recommend an eight-step methodology for nutrition knowledge questionnaire development as follows: (i) definition of the construct and development of a test plan; (ii) generation of the item pool; (iii) choice of the scoring system and response format; (iv) assessment of content validity; (v) assessment of face validity; (vi) purification of the scale using item analysis, including item characteristics, difficulty and discrimination; (vii) evaluation of the scale including its factor structure and internal reliability, or Rasch analysis, including assessment of dimensionality and internal reliability; and (viii) gathering of data to re-examine the questionnaire’s properties, assess temporal stability and confirm construct validity. Several of these methods have previously been overlooked.ConclusionsThe measurement of nutrition knowledge is an important consideration for individuals working in the nutrition field. Improved methods in the development of nutrition knowledge questionnaires, such as the use of factor analysis or Rasch analysis, will enable more confidence in reported measures of nutrition knowledge.

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Validation of a revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Australia

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019005135 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Courtney Thompson ◽

Helen Anna Vidgen ◽

Danielle Gallegos ◽

Mary Hannan-Jones

Keyword(s):

Engineering Students ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Face Validity ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Australian Sample ◽

The Uk ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to validate a nutrition knowledge questionnaire appropriate for use in Australia. Design: Nutrition knowledge is essential in establishing and maintaining strategies that reduce the burden of disease and promote wellbeing. The General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) was developed in the United Kingdom in 1999 and validated for Australia in 2008. Changes in national nutrition recommendations and food availability prompted the redevelopment and revalidation of the UK questionnaire in 2016. However, the Australian questionnaire had not been subsequently updated. Setting: Australia. Participants: Content validity was determined using a sample of academic dietitians in Australia (n 8). Face validity was undertaken with retail employees (n 11) whose highest level of education was secondary school. Ninety-three undergraduate nutrition and engineering students at Queensland University of Technology completed the questionnaire for construct validity, and nineteen students were contacted a week later for test–retest reliability. Results: In the 117-scored questionnaire, nutrition students scored consistently higher in each of the four sections and overall (87 %, M 102, IQR 95, 107) compared with engineering students (77 %, M 82, IQR 76, 87·25, P < 0·01). Internal reliability of the questionnaire was high (α = 0·92) as was test–retest reliability (r s = 0·96, ICC2,1 = 0·99). AUS-R NKQ determined significant differences between individuals with known higher levels of nutrition knowledge and obtained high validity, reliability and consistency within an Australian sample. Conclusions: AUS-R NKQ refined through this research is valid and would be an appropriate questionnaire for assessing the effectiveness of nutrition knowledge-based interventions for public health programmes, clinicians and researchers.

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Validation of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire in Italian students attending the University of Parma

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019004555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 1527-1531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alice Rosi ◽

Daniela Martini ◽

Giuseppe Grosso ◽

Maria Laura Bonaccio ◽

Francesca Scazzina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Time Interval ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Nutritional Recommendations ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Good Ability ◽

The University

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a self-administered nutrition knowledge (NK) questionnaire for Italian university students.Design:The NK questionnaire included ninety questions on experts’ nutritional recommendations, nutritional content of food, health aspects of food and diets, relationship between diet and diseases, and proper food choices. It was administered to the same population under the same conditions on two different occasions with a time interval of 3 weeks between the two administrations.Setting:The survey was carried out at the University of Parma (Italy) during the 2018–2019 academic year.Participants:Data were collected for 132 bachelor and master degree students attending the University of Parma, either attending or not nutrition classes during their studies (19–30 years, 29·5 % males, 57·6 % with an academic nutrition background).Results:The questionnaire revealed high overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0·8) and a good temporal stability with high correlation of the total score (r = 0·835, P < 0·001). Moreover, it showed a good ability to discriminate between subjects with potentially different NK.Conclusions:This NK questionnaire proved to be a reliable, valid and easy-to-use tool for assessing the NK of Italian university students, either with or without nutrition background.

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Validation of a general nutrition knowledge questionnaire in a Turkish student sample

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011003594 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2074-2085 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A Aylin Alsaffar

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Student Sample ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Turkish People ◽

Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the general nutrition knowledge questionnaire developed by Parmenter and Wardle (1999) in a Turkish student sample.DesignThe original questionnaire of Parmenter and Wardle (1999) was modified and translated into Turkish. The modified questionnaire was administered to second year undergraduate students. Some students completed the questionnaire twice for the measurement of test–retest reliability. Statistical analysis was performed on the responses to measure the internal reliability, test–retest reliability and construct validity.SettingStudents completed the questionnaire under supervision. The questionnaire was completed at the end of lectures. Retest was carried out two weeks after first administration of the test.SubjectsA total of 195 undergraduate students studying either nutrition and dietetics (n 90) or engineering (n 105) participated in the study. Of these, 125 students completed the questionnaire on two occasions.ResultsOverall internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0·89) and test–retest reliability (0·86) were high. Significant differences between the scores of the two groups of students indicated that the questionnaire had satisfactory construct validity.ConclusionsThe modified version of the general nutrition knowledge questionnaire can be used as a tool to examine the nutrition knowledge of adults in Turkey. In the next stage of the study, some adjustments need to be made to the items that led to low reliability values so that these items will be more applicable to the eating habits and patterns of Turkish people.

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Development and validation of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for a Canadian population

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016003372 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1184-1192 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Maude Bradette-Laplante ◽

Élise Carbonneau ◽

Véronique Provencher ◽

Catherine Bégin ◽

Julie Robitaille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Content Validity ◽

Covariance Structure ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Face Validity ◽

Covariance Structure Analysis ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Canadian Population ◽

Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop and validate a nutrition knowledge questionnaire in a sample of French Canadians from the province of Quebec, taking into account dietary guidelines.DesignA thirty-eight-item questionnaire was developed by the research team and evaluated for content validity by an expert panel, and then administered to respondents. Face validity and construct validity were measured in a pre-test. Exploratory factor analysis and covariance structure analysis were performed to verify the structure of the questionnaire and identify problematic items. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated through a validation study.SettingOnline survey.SubjectsSix nutrition and psychology experts, fifteen registered dietitians (RD) and 180 lay people participated.ResultsContent validity evaluation resulted in the removal of two items and reformulation of one item. Following face validity, one item was reformulated. Construct validity was found to be adequate, with higher scores for RDv. non-RD (21·5 (sd2·1)v. 15·7 (sd3·0) out of 24,P<0·001). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire contained only one factor. Covariance structure analysis led to removal of sixteen items. Internal consistency for the overall questionnaire was adequate (Cronbach’sα=0·73). Assessment of test–retest reliability resulted in significant associations for the total knowledge score (r=0·59,P<0·001).ConclusionsThis nutrition knowledge questionnaire was found to be a suitable instrument which can be used to measure levels of nutrition knowledge in a Canadian population. It could also serve as a model for the development of similar instruments in other populations.

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Reliability and validity of a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for adults in a Romanian population

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-020-0616-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (11) ◽

pp. 1576-1584

Author(s):

Salomeia Putnoky ◽

Ancuța Mioara Banu ◽

Lavinia Cristina Moleriu ◽

Sandra Putnoky ◽

Denis Mihai Șerban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Population Sample ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Nutrition Research

Abstract Background Nutritional knowledge assessment is an important component in nutrition research, and a prerequisite for the implementation of many policies and programs aimed at improving eating behavior. In order to generate objective results, validated tools for a given population must be employed. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Romanian adults. Methods Kleimann’s version of a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire, was translated and adapted to Romanian language, culture, and cuisine. The final format was developed in several steps and used four components: internal and external reliability were assessed in a general population sample (n1 = 412), respectively in a subgroup (n2 = 46) from Component 1; Component 3 assessed construct validity (n3 = 96) using the “known-groups” method; Component 4 (convergent validity, n4 = 508) tested the association between socio-demographic characteristics and nutrition knowledge. Results The overall internal reliability was 0.878 and the external reliability was >0.880 in all sections, and overall. Specialists had higher scores than nonspecialists, with a very large effect size. In the general population, females scored higher than males, and middle-aged and older adults scored higher than young adults. Higher scores were associated with higher levels of education. The characteristics of individuals prone to giving wrong answers were: males (beta = 0.170), high school or less (beta = 0.167), and no training in nutrition (beta = 0.154). Conclusions The Romanian version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for measuring nutrition knowledge in adults.

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Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t71736-000 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

M. Heikkilä ◽

R. Valve ◽

M. Lehtovirta ◽

M. Fogelholm

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire

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Development of the Adult Pandemic Attitude Scale (A-PAS)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6311

Author(s):

Mihyeon Seong ◽

Juyoung Park ◽

Soojin Chung ◽

Sohyune Sok

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Face Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Development Step

This study aimed to develop an instrument for measuring the attitudes that reflect the characteristics of the pandemic (Adult Pandemic Attitude Scale (A-PAS)) and verifying its validity and reliability. This study used a methodological research design and was conducted with a development step and an evaluation step. The development step included development of preliminary items, content validity, face validity, and preliminary investigation. The evaluation step included item analysis, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, factor naming, reliability, and completion of the final instrument. The A-PAS developed in this study consisted of a total of 20 items in five dimensions. The internal consistency of 20 items of the A-PAS, Cronbach’s α was 0.92 for 20 items, Cronbach’s α for each factor, a subscale of instrument, was 0.61~0.87 and Raykov’s p coefficient of each factor, which is a subscale of the tool, was found to be 0.60 to 0.88. Analysis of construct validity showed the results as follows: χ2 (p) = 134.05 (p < 0.001), RMSEA = 0.02, RMR = 0.02, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.99. The study findings suggest that the developed instrument can be utilized to measure the attitudes of adults toward pandemics, and reflect the reality of the pandemic situation. The outcomes can be used as valuable data for intervention, prevention activities, and policy preparation. The instrument will be applied in the event of a pandemic, such as COVID-19, and will be helpful in promoting the health of the people.

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Measuring Parental Barriers to Childhood Immunizations: The Development and Validation of the Searching for Hardships and Obstacles to Shots (SHOTS) Instrument

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.18.1.26 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Victoria P. Niederhauser

Keyword(s):

Factor Model ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Design Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Immunizations ◽

Reliability Estimates ◽

Parental Barriers

There is a plethora of literature on barriers to immunizations; however, these studies lack standardization of measurement. The aim of this study was to develop and establish an initial psychometric evaluation of an instrument to measure parental barriers to childhood immunizations. This was a cross-sectional study design. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, reliability estimates, item analysis, and factor analysis. Six hundred and fifty-five participants completed the survey. The Searching for Hardships and Obstacles to Shots instrument was developed with 60 items and reduced to 23 items thorough multiple statistical computations; the best factor model was a three-factor solution (Access to Shots, Concerns About Shots, and Importance of Shots) with a total variance explained of 59.4%. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability estimates ranged from .86 to .93, and temporal stability was adequate (r = .85). This study supports exceptional initial psychometric properties of an instrument to measure parental barriers to childhood immunizations.

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Arabic Language Surveys Measuring Mothers’ Satisfaction During Childbirth: A Review

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v11n6p169 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Waleed Al Nadabi ◽

Mohammed A Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Face Validity ◽

Test Results ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Maternal Experience ◽

Still Births ◽

Interpersonal Care

PURPOSE: To review Arabic surveys used to measure maternal satisfaction. METHODOLOGY: Peer-reviewed studies published in English and Arabic since 2000 were reviewed across eight databases. Surveys were assessed by: survey construction, reliability, and validity. FINDINGS: The seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were in English and included seven different Arabic surveys. Survey items ranged from eight to 32 and were translated from English (3/7) or were originally written in Arabic (4/7). Six surveys were pilot tested. Dimensions covered by the surveys varied but all measured satisfaction about providers’ interpersonal care. Internal reliability was reported for four surveys and none reported the test-re-test results. Three studies reported content validity, one reported face validity, one reported construct validity, and none reported criterion validity. Participants’ inclusion criteria varied but all studies excluded women with still births or obstetric complications. When surveyed within hospital (3/7), participants were approached within 72 hours after delivery while those surveyed outside the hospital were approached two weeks, seven weeks, or two months after discharge. Overall, the eight-item survey was found short, well tested with good psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of Arabic surveys were determined in limited settings, were not well reported, and varied. The eight-item survey is a well-tested survey with good psychometric properties. Furthermore, rigorous evaluation of Arabic surveys in different contexts with wider inclusion criteria is required. Our findings will promote further research in this area and will help enhance maternal experience with childbearing.

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CooC11 and CooC7: The Development and Validation of Age Appropriate Children’s Perceived Cooking Competence Measures

10.21203/rs.3.rs-56637/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moira Dean ◽

Johann Issartel ◽

Tony Benson ◽

Amanda McCloat ◽

Elaine Mooney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

School Nutrition ◽

Face Validity ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Cooking Skills ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Responsiveness To Change

Abstract Background Learning cooking skills during childhood and adolescence is associated with positive dietary outcomes in adulthood as well as being tracked from adolescence to adulthood. In addition studies have found that perceived competence to be a greater motivator to perform a behaviour than actual competence. However, a lack of validated tools that effectively measure behavioural and dietary changes and other related measures in children is a limitation. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and validate age-appropriate perceived cooking competence measures for younger and older primary school aged children. Methods Two measures of perceived Cooking Competence (CooC11 and CooC7) for older (8–12 years) and younger (6–7 years) children were developed from a critical evaluation of publically available recommendations and expert consultation. The cooking skills within the measures were illustrated by a graphic designer in consultation with a chef and reviewed in an iterative manner by the research team. The measures were piloted for clarity, ease of use and initial face validity. Multiple studies were used for both CooC11 and CooC7 to establish psychometric properties of the measures, temporal stability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, as well as responsiveness to change for CooC11. Analysis included Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, Pearson’s Correlations, ANOVAs and Cronbach’s Alphas. Results Both measures had high levels of face validity and received positive user feedback. Two factors were shown in both measures with the measures showing excellent temporal stability (ICC > 0.9) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alphas > 0.7). Both measures showed initial discriminant validity, with significant differences (P < 0.001) between those who reported assisting their parents with dinner preparation and those who did not. Additionally, CooC11 was significantly correlated with an adult cooking measure and had a significant responsiveness to change (P < 0.01). Conclusions The CooC11 and CooC7 are the first validated age-appropriate measures for assessing children’s perceived Cooking Competence for ages 8–12 and 6–7 years respectively. They can be used to evaluate the efficacy of children’s cooking intervention studies or school nutrition education programmes.

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