scholarly journals Study sponsorship and the nutrition research agenda: analysis of cohort studies examining the association between nutrition and obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 3193-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Nicholas Chartres ◽  
Lisa A Bero
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Industry Sponsorship ◽  
Nutrition Research

AbstractObjectiveTo categorize the research topics covered by a sample of cohort studies exploring the association between nutrition and obesity; to describe their funding sources; and to explore the association between funding sources and research topics.DesignCross-sectional study.SubjectsCohort studies retrieved from MEDLINE and PubMed published between 2010 and 2016.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-one studies were included. Funding source and conflicts of interest were disclosed in 95·0 and 90·1 % of the studies, respectively. Food industry sponsorship was disclosed in 8·3 % of the studies. Half of the studies analysed the consumption of a single food or food groups, 18·2 % included an analysis of dietary patterns and 17·4 % focused on specific nutrients. Highly processed foods were considered in 48·8 % of the studies and 27·3 % considered dietary behaviours (e.g. eating away from home). No statistically significant differences in research topics were observed between industry- and non-industry-funded studies.ConclusionsCohort studies focused on more complex exposures (e.g. food or dietary patterns) rather than single nutrients. No significant differences in the research agenda by funding sources were observed. The analysis was limited by the low proportion of studies with disclosed food industry sponsorship.

scholarly journals Association of industry ties with outcomes of studies examining the effect of wholegrain foods on cardiovascular disease and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e022912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chartres ◽  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Sally McDonald ◽  
Jessica Turton ◽  
Margaret Allman-Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Industry Sponsorship ◽  
Nutrition Research

ObjectiveTo determine if observational studies examining the association of wholegrain foods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with food industry sponsorship and/or authors with conflicts of interest (COI) with the food industry are more likely to have results and/or conclusions that are favourable to industry than those with no industry ties, and to determine whether studies with industry ties differ in their risk of bias compared with studies with no industry ties.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesWe searched eight databases from 1997 to 2017 and hand searched the reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCohort and case–control studies that quantitatively examined the association of wholegrains or wholegrain foods with CVD outcomes in healthy adults or children.Results21 of the 22 studies had a serious or critical risk of bias. Studies with industry ties more often had favourable results compared with those with no industry ties, but the Confidence Interval (CI) was wide, Risk Ratio (RR)=1.44 (95% CI 0.88 to 2.35). The same association was found for study conclusions. We did not find a difference in effect size (magnitude of RRs) between studies with industry ties, RR=0.77 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.01) and studies with no industry ties, RR=0.85 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00) (p=0.50) I20%. These results were comparable for studies that measured the magnitude using Hazard Ratios (HR); industry ties HR=0.82 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.88) versus no industry ties HR=0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.91) (p=0.34) I20%.ConclusionsWe did not establish that the presence of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry was associated with results or conclusions that favour industry sponsors. The association of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry and favourable results or conclusions is uncertain. However, our analysis was hindered by the low level of COI disclosure in the included studies. Our findings support international reforms to improve the disclosure and management of COI in nutrition research. Without such disclosures, it will not be possible to determine if the results of nutrition research are free of food industry influences and potential biases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017055841.

scholarly journals Study sponsorship and the nutrition research agenda: analysis of randomized controlled trials included in systematic reviews of nutrition interventions to address obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1306-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Nicholas Chartres ◽  
Gyorgy Scrinis ◽  
Lisa A Bero
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Cochrane Reviews

AbstractObjectiveTo categorize the research topics covered by a sample of randomized controlled trials (RCT) included in systematic reviews of nutrition interventions to address obesity; to describe their funding sources; and to explore the association between funding sources and nutrition research topics.DesignCross-sectional study.SubjectsRCT included in Cochrane Reviews of nutrition interventions to address obesity and/or overweight.ResultsTwo hundred and thirteen RCT from seventeen Cochrane Reviews were included. Funding source and authors’ conflicts of interest were disclosed in 82·6 and 29·6 % of the studies, respectively. RCT were more likely to test an intervention to manipulate nutrients in the context of reduced energy intake (44·2 % of studies) than food-level (11·3 %) and dietary pattern-level (0·9 %) interventions. Most of the food industry-sponsored studies focused on interventions involving manipulations of specific nutrients (66·7 %). Only 33·1 % of the industry-funded studies addressed dietary behaviours compared with 66·9 % of the non-industry-funded ones (P=0·002). The level of food processing was poorly considered across all funding sources.ConclusionsThe predominance of RCT examining nutrient-specific questions could limit the public health relevance of rigorous evidence available for systematic reviews and dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Correspond with Microbiome Composition (FS07-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Pajau Vangay ◽  
Dan Knights
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives Previous studies have defined dietary patterns for comparison with microbiome features using factor analysis from food frequency questionnaires. In this study, we applied a new tree-based method to directly define dietary patterns from 24-hour food records. We aimed to determine if these patterns corresponded with microbial features. Methods Daily fecal samples and daily 24-hour food records (ASA24–2016) were collected from 32 healthy adults over 17 days. Dietary patterns were derived using all reported foods for each subject. Foods were arranged into a tree structure using USDA food groups. Tree-based weighted Unifrac food distances (QIIME 1.9.1) were used for principal coordinate analysis to define five dietary patterns. Each pattern was named after its most influential food groups. Average microbiome composition was determined from metagenomic sequencing. Dietary patterns were compared with subjects’ average microbiome composition using correlation analysis. Spearman correlations were corrected for multiple comparisons within each taxonomy level. Constrained redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to determine the explanatory power of dietary patterns. Results Four of the five most discriminatory dietary patterns (DPs) were associated with microbial taxa (A). DP1 was positively correlated with an unclassified family in the order Burkholderiales and negatively correlated with the species Lachnospiraceae bacterium TF01–11. DP3, DP4, DP5 were most representative of a western diet. DP3 was negatively correlated with family Pasteurellaceae. DP4 was positively correlated with family Erysipelotrichaceae and negatively correlated with family Sutterellaceae. DP5 was positively correlated with members of class Bacteroidia including two specific Bacteroides speciesHMSC073E02 and HMSC067B03. Constrained RDA using the five dietary patterns revealed a gradient of Phylum Bacteroidetes along an axis driven by DP3, DP4, and DP5 (B). Conclusions The dietary patterns derived using our tree-based method reveal relationships between diet microbial taxa. In agreement with previous studies, our tree-based patterns show that the western diet corresponds to increased Bacteroidetes, demonstrating the utility of this method. Funding Sources Funding for this study was provided by General Mills. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Session 5: Nutrition communication The role of trust in health communication and the effect of conflicts of interest among scientists

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. McComas
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Public Views ◽  
Nutrition Communication

One of the key challenges facing efforts to translate nutrition research into public health recommendations is understanding how the public will respond to these efforts, including whether they will trust the information. Among factors that influence trust in health communication is the extent to which the sources of the information are considered accurate, balanced, fair and unbiased. In relation to bias, few issues rise to as high a level of concern as the suspicion of conflicts of interest among scientists. Sometimes, even the perception of conflict of interest is enough to cast doubt on the integrity of the research and credibility of the results. The present paper provides an overview of research on conflicts of interest in science, including ways in which it has touched the field of nutrition. It then offers data on public views about conflicts of interest in science, including the extent to which funding sources influence trustworthiness of the research. The conclusions suggest implications for translational research in nutrition.

scholarly journals The characteristics and extent of food industry involvement in peer-reviewed research articles from 10 leading nutrition-related journals in 2018

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243144
Author(s):  
Gary Sacks ◽  
Devorah Riesenberg ◽  
Melissa Mialon ◽  
Sarah Dean ◽  
Adrian J. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Paediatric Obesity ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics

Introduction There is emerging evidence that food industry involvement in nutrition research may bias research findings and/or research agendas. However, the extent of food industry involvement in nutrition research has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to identify the extent of food industry involvement in peer-reviewed articles from a sample of leading nutrition-related journals, and to examine the extent to which findings from research involving the food industry support industry interests. Methods All original research articles published in 2018 in the top 10 most-cited nutrition- and dietetics-related journals were analysed. We evaluated the proportion of articles that disclosed involvement from the food industry, including through author affiliations, funding sources, declarations of interest or other acknowledgments. Principal research findings from articles with food industry involvement, and a random sample of articles without food industry involvement, were categorised according to the extent to which they supported relevant food industry interests. Results 196/1,461 (13.4%) articles reported food industry involvement. The extent of food industry involvement varied by journal, with The Journal of Nutrition (28.3%) having the highest and Paediatric Obesity (3.8%) having the lowest proportion of industry involvement. Processed food manufacturers were involved in the most articles (77/196, 39.3%). Of articles with food industry involvement, 55.6% reported findings favourable to relevant food industry interests, compared to 9.7% of articles without food industry involvement. Conclusion Food industry involvement in peer-reviewed research in leading nutrition-related journals is commonplace. In line with previous literature, this study has shown that a greater proportion of peer-reviewed studies involving the food industry have results that favour relevant food industry interests than peer-reviewed studies without food industry involvement. Given the potential competing interests of the food industry, it is important to explore mechanisms that can safeguard the integrity and public relevance of nutrition research.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Food Frequency Questionnaire with 24 Hour Recalls in Assessing Coffee Consumption: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study (P18-075-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Na Kim ◽  
Jiyoung Youn ◽  
Taiyue Jin ◽  
Jung Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives Most cohort studies have used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate coffee consumption as it assesses habitual dietary patterns, whereas some studies use the 24 hour recalls as it elicits in-depth description of foods and the amount eaten. The aim of this study was to compare FFQs and 24 hour recalls to assess the consumption of various types of coffee. Methods We included a total of 25,904 participants from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES), where individuals were aged 40 years or older. Each participant completed both one FFQ and two 24 hour recalls one month apart, which included coffee consumption and the use of sugar and powdered creamers in coffee. We classified coffee consumption whether they drink more than one cup a day or not. We categorized types of coffee as “black coffee”, “coffee with sugar”, “coffee with powder creamer”, “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” and “combinations of four types of coffee”. We compared the types of coffee they consumed through FFQs and 24 hour recalls. Results Among those who marked “black coffee” on their FFQ, 51.90% reported to drink “black coffee”, 2.70% reported “coffee with sugar”, 10.81% said “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” and 20.97% reported they did not drink coffee in 24 hour recalls. 13.63% reported that they drink the rest combinations of four types of coffee in 24 hour recalls. Whereas among those who marked “coffee with sugar” on their FFQ, 33.49% said “coffee with sugar”, 12.44% said “black coffee” and 12.91% reported to drink “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” in 24 hour recalls. Among those who marked “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” on their FFQ, 53.49% said “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” in 24 hour recalls. Those who reported drinking “coffee with powder creamer” on their FFQ, however, only 9.18% marked “coffee with powder creamer”, 28.5% marked “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” in 24 hour recalls. Finally, 19.32% marked drinking any four types of coffee on their FFQs, but reported not drinking coffee in 24 hour recalls. Conclusions We found discrepancies between FFQs and 24 hour recalls in the types of coffee consumed. Such limitations should be considered when using 24 hour recalls data to examine the effect of coffee consumption on disease development. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Number of Gastroesophageal Refluxes Detected With Oesophageal pH-Impedance Study Correlates With Dietary Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 433-433
Author(s):  
Sergey Morozov ◽  
Vasily Kropochev ◽  
Vasily Isakov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Impedance Study ◽  
Comparative Trials ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Objectives To evaluate association of number of gastroesophageal refluxes detected with oesophageal pH-impedance study with dietary patterns Methods Subjects referred to oesophageal pH-impedance examination were invited to participate in the study, approved by LEC. In case of agreement, they were asked to provide data of their usual nutrition based on food frequency questionnaire (Nutrilogic, Russia). Diet was assessed in accordance with healthy eating index, for the following main groups of products: grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meats, fats and confectioneries. The results are shown as a quotient of dividing the actual values by the recommended. Spearman rank R was used to analyse correlation between number of gastroesophageal refluxes (GER) detected with oesophageal pH-impedance examination and dietary patterns assessment. Results Data of 40 consecutive patients (12 of them with confirmed gastroesophageal reflux disease, 28 females, age (Mean ± SD): 52.2 ± 12.9 y.o.) served as the source for the study. Mean energy value of the ration was 2302 ± 1391 kcal/day. Dietary patterns for main food groups was as follows: grains 1.4 ± 0.7, vegetables 1.1 ± 0.7, fruits 0.8 ± 0.9, dairy products 0.6 ± 0.6, meats 1.7 ± 1.0, fats 0.6 ± 0.8, confectionaries 0.3 ± 0.5. Mean number of GERs was 43.8 ± 24.4, acid GERs - 26.2 ± 20.5 per day. Direct medium-strength correlation was found between pattern of dairy products consumption and total number of GERs (Spearman R = 0.47, P < 0.05), weak-acid GERs (R = 0.49, P < 0.05), non-acid GERs (R = 0.62, P < 0.05). Pattern of confectionaries consumption was associated with high (that reached proximal oesophagus, ∼17 cm above LES) GERs: R = 0.47, P < 0.05. Conclusions This preliminary results may serve as a basis for further research in larger comparative trials and may be considered when diet modification is planned for patients with GERD. Funding Sources Russian Science Foundation research grant #19–76-30014.

scholarly journals Assessment of Self-Efficacy for Combining the Five Types of Food Groups of Fifth and Sixth Grade Children Who Belonged to Soccer Clubs and Their Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
Satoko Ozawa ◽  
Shuko Tanakadate ◽  
Chinatsu Watanabe ◽  
Naomi Omi
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bias Score ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Consumption

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to develop self-efficacy scale for “combining the five types of food groups” for fifth and six grade children in sports clubs and their parents. Methods This was cross-sectional study. The subjects were one hundred fifth and sixth grade Japanese boys who belonged to two soccer clubs and their parents. Children assessed their dietary consumption for a week, and both children and parents examined self-efficacy about “combining the five types of food groups”. Dietary consumption was based on the five types of food groups, that is “shushoku(grains)”, “shusai(protein)”, ” hukusai(vegetables)”, fruit, dairy. Six and seven self-efficacy items were set for children and their parents. Each response was rated on a five-point Likert scale. Players were asked the following question: “How sure are you that you eat a meal that combines the five food groups in the following situations?” There were 6 responses. Parents were asked the following question: “How sure are you that you always prepare a meal that combines the five food groups for your children in the following situations?” There were 7 response items. Results No items had a bias score of more than 50% in the sports players, and three items were excluded in the analysis of the parents. Result of the exploratory factor analysis, four items were selected for players and four for their parents. Self-efficacy scores were Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.77 for players and 0.81 for their parents, which confirms sufficient reliability. The number of answers for the selected self-efficacy items were totaled as self-efficacy scores. Children's self-efficacy scores were significantly associated with “hukusai”. Parents’ self-efficacy scores were significantly all types of food. Conclusions These findings suggest that self-efficacy scale of combining five types of food groups could be evaluated for fifth and sixth grade children who belonged to soccer clubs and their parents. Funding Sources The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this study.

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