scholarly journals Association of industry ties with outcomes of studies examining the effect of wholegrain foods on cardiovascular disease and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e022912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chartres ◽  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Sally McDonald ◽  
Jessica Turton ◽  
Margaret Allman-Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Industry Sponsorship ◽  
Nutrition Research

ObjectiveTo determine if observational studies examining the association of wholegrain foods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with food industry sponsorship and/or authors with conflicts of interest (COI) with the food industry are more likely to have results and/or conclusions that are favourable to industry than those with no industry ties, and to determine whether studies with industry ties differ in their risk of bias compared with studies with no industry ties.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesWe searched eight databases from 1997 to 2017 and hand searched the reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCohort and case–control studies that quantitatively examined the association of wholegrains or wholegrain foods with CVD outcomes in healthy adults or children.Results21 of the 22 studies had a serious or critical risk of bias. Studies with industry ties more often had favourable results compared with those with no industry ties, but the Confidence Interval (CI) was wide, Risk Ratio (RR)=1.44 (95% CI 0.88 to 2.35). The same association was found for study conclusions. We did not find a difference in effect size (magnitude of RRs) between studies with industry ties, RR=0.77 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.01) and studies with no industry ties, RR=0.85 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00) (p=0.50) I20%. These results were comparable for studies that measured the magnitude using Hazard Ratios (HR); industry ties HR=0.82 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.88) versus no industry ties HR=0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.91) (p=0.34) I20%.ConclusionsWe did not establish that the presence of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry was associated with results or conclusions that favour industry sponsors. The association of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry and favourable results or conclusions is uncertain. However, our analysis was hindered by the low level of COI disclosure in the included studies. Our findings support international reforms to improve the disclosure and management of COI in nutrition research. Without such disclosures, it will not be possible to determine if the results of nutrition research are free of food industry influences and potential biases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017055841.

scholarly journals Association of food industry ties with findings of studies examining the effect of dairy food intake on cardiovascular disease and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039036
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chartres ◽  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Sally McDonald ◽  
Joanna Diong ◽  
Joanne E McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Industry Sponsorship ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectiveTo determine if the association of dairy foods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes differs between studies with food industry ties versus those without industry ties. To determine whether studies with or without industry ties differ in their risk of bias.Eligibility criteriaWe included cohort and case–control studies that estimated the association of dairy foods with CVD outcomes in healthy adults.Information sourcesWe searched eight databases on 1 February 2019 from 2000 to 2019 and hand searched reference lists.Risk of biasWe used the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies-of Exposure tool.Included studies43 studies (3 case–controls, 40 cohorts).Synthesis of resultsThere was no clear evidence of an association between studies with industry ties (1/14) versus no industry ties (8/29) and the reporting of favourable results, risk ratio (RR)=0.26 (95% CI 0.04 to 1.87; n=43 studies) and studies with industry ties (4/14) versus no industry ties (11/29) and favourable conclusions, RR=0.75 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.95; n=43). Studies with industry sponsorship, (HR=0.78; n=3 studies) showed a decreased magnitude of risk of CVD outcomes compared with studies with no industry sponsorship (HR=0.97; n=18) (ratio of HRs 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.97); p=0.03).Strengths and limitations of evidenceEvery study had an overall high risk of bias rating; this was primarily due to confounding.InterpretationThere was no clear evidence of an association between studies with food industry ties and the reporting of favourable results and conclusions compared with studies without industry ties. The statistically significant difference in the magnitude of effects identified in industry-sponsored studies compared with non-industry-sponsored studies, however, is important in quantifying industry influence on studies included in dietary guidelines.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019129659.

scholarly journals Dietary factors and diabetes-related health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e027298
Author(s):  
Janett Barbaresko ◽  
Manuela Neuenschwander ◽  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
Sabrina Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Health Concern

IntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern associated with several comorbidities such as diabetic chronic kidney disease, neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Many of these complications may be preventable by an adequate lifestyle, including a favourable dietary behaviour, additionally to pharmacological management. In general, dietary guidelines for patients with diabetes recommend a hypocaloric diet to achieve a normal weight, but there is a lack of detailed instructions on specific nutrients and foods to prevent diabetes-related outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarise the available evidence on the association between dietary factors and health-related outcomes in patients with T2D.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search will be conducted in PubMed and Web of Science in May 2019 to identify prospective observational studies investigating dietary factors in association with major complications in patients with T2D. We will include studies investigating dietary patterns, food groups, foods, macronutrients and micronutrients as well as secondary plant compounds. As diabetes-related outcomes, we will include macrovascular (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases) and microvascular outcomes (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy), as well as cancer, quality of life, depression, cognitive disorders and mortality. We will conduct dose-response meta-analyses using random effects models. We will investigate heterogeneity across studies and publication bias. To assess the risk of bias and quality of the included studies, we will use the Cochrane risk of bias tool ROBINS-I and the quality of evidence will be assessed using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.Ethics and disseminationAs the systematic review is based on published studies, ethical considerations are not required. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed Journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018110669

Acid-suppressive medications and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett’s esophagus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Preet Paul Singh ◽  
Siddharth Singh ◽  
Sushil Kumar Garg ◽  
Prasad G. Iyer ◽  
Hashem El-Serag
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Barrett’S Esophagus ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Barrett's Esophagus ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Inconsistency Index

11 Background: Acid-suppressive medications, particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPI), may modify risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the association between PPIs and histamine receptor antagonists (H2RA) and risk of EAC or high-grade dysplasia (BE-HGD) in patients with BE. Methods: Through a systematic search up to June 2013, we identified 7 observational studies (5 cohort studies and 2 case-control studies; 2,813 patients with BE, 317 cases of EAC and/or BE-HGD, 84.4% PPI users) reporting the association between PPIs or H2RA and EAC in patients with BE. Summary odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using random effects model, and heterogeneity was measured using the inconsistency index (I2). Results: On meta-analysis, PPI use was associated with 71% reduction in EAC risk in patients with BE (adjusted OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12-0.71). There was a trend toward a dose-response relationship with PPI use for >2 years protective against EAC [3 studies; PPI use >2 years vs. <2 years (as compared to no use): OR, 0.45 (0.19-1.06) vs. 1.09 (0.47-2.56)]. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the overall analysis (I2=81%). On restricting analysis to 5 cohort studies, use of PPIs was consistently associated with a lower risk of EAC and/or BE-HGD (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19-0.58; I2=9%). H2RA use was not associated with decreased risk of EAC in patients with BE based on 2 studies (adjusted OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.77-1.72). Using a 67% summary risk reduction (derived from cohort studies) of EAC and/or BE-HGD with PPI use in patients with BE, and observed cumulative incidence rates of EAC and/or BE-HGD in patients with BE overall as 10.2 per 1,000 patient years, we estimate the number needed to treat with PPIs to prevent 1 case of EAC or BE-HGD in BE patients at 147. Conclusions: Based on meta-analysis of observational studies, the use of PPI, but not H2RA appears to be associated with a decreased risk of EAC and/or BE-HGD in patients with BE. PPI use should be considered in BE, and chemopreventive trials of PPIs in patients with BE are warranted.

scholarly journals Association between green tea intake and risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 3183-3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Huang ◽  
Hongru Chen ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Gaoming Li ◽  
Dali Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies

AbstractObjectiveTo examine and quantify the potential dose–response relationship between green tea intake and the risk of gastric cancer.DesignWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and VIP up to December 2015 without language restrictions.SettingA systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies.SubjectsFive cohort studies and eight case–control studies.ResultsCompared with the lowest level of green tea intake, the pooled relative risk (95 % CI) of gastric cancer was 1·05 (0·90, 1·21, I2=20·3 %) for the cohort studies and the pooled OR (95 % CI) was 0·84 (0·74, 0·95, I2=48·3 %) for the case–control studies. The pooled relative risk of gastric cancer was 0·79 (0·63, 0·97, I2=63·8 %) for intake of 6 cups green tea/d, 0·59 (0·42, 0·82, I2=1·0 %) for 25 years of green tea intake and 7·60 (1·67, 34·60, I2=86·5 %) for drinking very hot green tea.ConclusionsDrinking green tea has a certain preventive effect on reducing the risk of gastric cancer, particularly for long-term and high-dose consumption. Drinking too high-temperature green tea may increase the risk of gastric cancer, but it is still unclear whether high-temperature green tea is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Further studies should be performed to obtain more detailed results, including other gastric cancer risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption and the dose of the effective components in green tea, to provide more reliable evidence-based medical references for the relationship between green tea and gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Study sponsorship and the nutrition research agenda: analysis of cohort studies examining the association between nutrition and obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 3193-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Nicholas Chartres ◽  
Lisa A Bero
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Industry Sponsorship ◽  
Nutrition Research

AbstractObjectiveTo categorize the research topics covered by a sample of cohort studies exploring the association between nutrition and obesity; to describe their funding sources; and to explore the association between funding sources and research topics.DesignCross-sectional study.SubjectsCohort studies retrieved from MEDLINE and PubMed published between 2010 and 2016.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-one studies were included. Funding source and conflicts of interest were disclosed in 95·0 and 90·1 % of the studies, respectively. Food industry sponsorship was disclosed in 8·3 % of the studies. Half of the studies analysed the consumption of a single food or food groups, 18·2 % included an analysis of dietary patterns and 17·4 % focused on specific nutrients. Highly processed foods were considered in 48·8 % of the studies and 27·3 % considered dietary behaviours (e.g. eating away from home). No statistically significant differences in research topics were observed between industry- and non-industry-funded studies.ConclusionsCohort studies focused on more complex exposures (e.g. food or dietary patterns) rather than single nutrients. No significant differences in the research agenda by funding sources were observed. The analysis was limited by the low proportion of studies with disclosed food industry sponsorship.

scholarly journals Predicting future self-harm or suicide in adolescents: a systematic review of risk assessment scales/tools

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Marion Harris ◽  
Sophie Beese ◽  
David Moore
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Self Harm

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the ability of risk tools to predict the future episodes of suicide/self-harm in adolescents.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 3 March 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCohort studies, case–control studies and randomised controlled trials of adolescents aged 10–25 who had undergone risk assessment in a clinical setting following an episode of self-harm were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data were grouped by tool and narrative synthesis undertaken, with studies appraised using a checklist combining the QUIPS (Quality In Prognosis Studies) and QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) tools.ResultsOf the 17 137 articles initially identified, 11 studies evaluating 10 separate tools were included. The studies varied in setting, population and outcome measure. The majority of the studies were rated as having an unclear risk of bias, and meta-analysis was not possible due to high variability between studies.The ability of the tools to correctly identify those adolescents going on to make a self-harm/suicide attempt ranged from 27% (95% CI 10.7% to 50.2%) to 95.8% (95% CI 78.9% to 99.9%). A variety of metrics were provided for 1–10 points increases in various tools, for example, odds and HRs.ConclusionsThis systematic review is the first to explore the use of assessment tools in adolescents. The predictive ability of these tools varies greatly. No single tool is suitable for predicting a higher risk of suicide or self-harm in adolescent populations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017058686

Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Rosato ◽  
Norman J. Temple ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
Giorgio Castellan ◽  
Alessandra Tavani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Continuation versus discontinuation of aspirin-based antiplatelet therapy for perioperative bleeding and ischaemic events in adults undergoing neurosurgery: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e046741
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Yun Yu ◽  
Ruquan Han
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Perioperative Bleeding

IntroductionAntiplatelet therapy is commonly used in primary or secondary prevention of atherosclerotic and thrombotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, transient ischaemic attack or stroke. Recent studies noted that antiplatelet therapy should be continued perioperatively in patients at high risk of thrombosis and low bleeding risk in orthopaedic, spinal or urological surgery. However, evidence in neurosurgery is lacking. Thus, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether the continuous use of antiplatelet drugs in neurosurgery increases the risk of perioperative bleeding.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase using a strategy that combines the terms aspirin, bleeding/ischaemic and neurosurgery. Two reviewers will independently screen all identified abstracts for eligibility and evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies (including cohort studies, case–control studies, case series). Discrepancies will be resolved by consultation with a third researcher. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. If evidence suggests moderate statistical or clinical heterogeneity, we plan to investigate this heterogeneity by performing subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval will be sought as no original data will be collected for this review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020202590.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Cholesterol Intake With Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Miao ◽  
Lin Guan
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cholesterol Intake

Background: Many case–control studies have investigated the association between dietary cholesterol and gastric cancer, yielding inconsistent findings. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and gastric cancer among adults.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify articles that evaluated the association of dietary cholesterol with gastric cancer up to May 2021. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using random-effects models. Dose–response analysis was used to explore the shape and strength of the association.Results: Fourteen case–control studies with 6,490 gastric cancer patients and 17,793 controls met our inclusion criteria. In the meta-analysis of the highest vs. the lowest dietary cholesterol categories, a significantly higher (~35%) risk of gastric cancer was observed in association with high cholesterol consumption (pooled OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.29–1.62, I2 = 68%; 95%CI: 45–81%). Subgroup analysis also showed this positive relationship in population-based case–control studies, those conducted on non-US countries, those with a higher number of cases and high-quality studies, those that collected dietary data via interviews, studies not adjusted for Helicobacter pylori infection, and studies where the body mass index was controlled. Besides, a non-linear dose–response association was also identified (P = 0.03).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dietary cholesterol intake could significantly augment the risk of gastric cancer in case–control studies. Prospective cohort studies with large sample sizes and long durations of follow-up are required to verify our results.

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