Are neighborhood restaurants related to frequency of restaurant meals and dietary quality?: Prevalence and changes over time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Kari A. B. Moore ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Mahasin S. Mujahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
Restaurant Meals ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: To examine whether the density of neighbourhood restaurants affected the frequency of eating restaurant meals and subsequently affected diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Structural equation models assessed the indirect relationship between restaurant density (≤3 miles (4.8 km) of participant addresses) and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI)) via the frequency of eating restaurant meals, after adjustment for sociodemographics, select health conditions, region, residence duration and area-level income. Setting: Urbanised areas in multiple regions of the USA, years 2000–2002 and 2010–2012. Participants: Participants aged 45–84 years were followed for 10 years (n 3567). Results: Median HEI (out of 100) was 59 at baseline and 62 at follow-up. Cross-sectional analysis found residing in areas with a high density of restaurants (highest ranked quartile) was associated with 52% higher odds of frequently eating restaurant meals (≥3 times/week, odds ratio [OR]:1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.98) and 3% higher odds of having lower dietary quality (HEI lowest quartile<54, OR:1.03,CI:1.01-1.06); associations were not sustained in longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectional analysis found 34% higher odds of having lower dietary quality for those who frequently ate at restaurants (OR:1.34,CI:1.12-1.61); and more restaurant meals (over time increase ≥1 times/week) was associated with higher odds of having worse dietary quality at follow-up (OR:1.21,CI:1.00-1.46). Conclusions: Restaurant density was associated with frequently eating out in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but was associated with the lower dietary quality only in cross-sectional analyses. Frequent restaurant meals were negatively related to dietary quality. Interventions that encourage less frequent eating out may improve population dietary quality.

scholarly journals Caregiver Status and Diet Quality in Community Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Sharmin Hossain ◽  
May A Beydoun ◽  
Michele K Evans ◽  
Alan B Zonderman ◽  
Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Intramural Research Program ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Prior studies on caregivers have focused mainly on the diet quality of their recipients, especially children. We investigated both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of caregiver status and diet quality in older adults (mean 53.0 ± 9.0 years). Methods We studied participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (57.7% women, 62% African American) between wave 3 (2009–2013) and wave 4 (2013–2018). Caregiving was assessed at both waves, starting at wave 3. Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI2010) score, a measure of diet quality, was assessed from two 24-hour recalls at each wave on both occasions (mean 4.1 years follow-up). Baseline caregiving (at wave 3) was examined in relation to change in HEI between waves 3 and 4. Multivariable linear regression was performed for cross-sectional analysis; mixed-effects regression was performed for longitudinal analyses. Results are expressed as β-coefficients ± standard error of means (β±SE). Results After adjusting for age, sex, race and poverty status, more time spent taking care of grandchildren (N = 2033) was associated with poor diet quality (–1.51 ± 0.55, P = 0.006) in cross-sectional analysis (wave 4 caregiving and wave 4 HEI). However, in a separate cross-sectional analysis (wave 4 only) on dual (caring for both grandchildren and an elderly person) vs. single caregivers (either grandchildren or elderly) (N = 73; 24 men & 49 women) we found no difference in diet quality. The longitudinal analyses (N = 1848) demonstrated that diet quality did not change with caregiving over time for either grandchildren (P = 0.16) or others (not children & grandchildren) (P = 0.88). Overall, women tended to have better quality diet (P &lt; 0.001) than men. Conclusions Among relatively older caregivers, cross-sectional analyses revealed an inverse effect of caregiving with diet quality. Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate the temporal associations of dual caregiving with subsequent diet quality changes over time. Funding Sources The first author is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Intramural Research Program (IRP) at the National Institute on Aging (NIA). HANDLS is supported by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, grant Z01-AG000513.

scholarly journals Australian general practice trainees’ exposure to ophthalmic problems and implications for training: a cross-sectional analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Morgan ◽  
Amanda Tapley ◽  
Kim M Henderson ◽  
Neil A Spike ◽  
Lawrie A McArthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Simple Logistic ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Eye conditions are common presentations in Australian general practice, with the potential for serious sequelae. Pre-vocational ophthalmology training for General Practitioner (GP) trainees is limited. AIM To describe the rate, nature and associations of ophthalmic problems managed by Australian GP trainees, and derive implications for education and training. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis from an ongoing cohort study of GP trainees’ clinical consultations. Trainees recorded demographic, clinical and educational details of consecutive patient consultations. Descriptive analyses report trainee, patient and practice demographics. Proportions of all problems managed in these consultations that were ophthalmology-related were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations were tested using simple logistic regression within the generalised estimating equations (GEE) framework. RESULTS In total, 884 trainees returned data on 184,476 individual problems or diagnoses from 118,541 encounters. There were 2649 ophthalmology-related problems, equating to 1.4% (95% CI: 1.38–1.49) of all problems managed. The most common eye presentations were conjunctivitis (32.5% of total problems), eyelid problems (14.9%), foreign body (5.3%) and dry eye (4.7%). Statistically significant associations were male trainee; male patient and patient aged 14 years or under; the problem being new and the patient being new to both trainee and practice; urban and of higher socioeconomic status practice location; the practice nurse not being involved; planned follow up not arranged; referral made; in-consultation information sought; and learning goals generated. DISCUSSION Trainees have comparable ophthalmology exposure to established GPs. However, associations with referral and information-seeking suggest GP trainees find ophthalmic problems challenging, reinforcing the critical importance of appropriate training.

scholarly journals Development of a New Methodology to Identity Promising Technology Areas Using M&A Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5606
Author(s):  
Jinho Choi ◽  
Yong Sik Chang
Keyword(s):  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Promising Technology ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

In this paper, we suggest a new methodology to identify promising technology areas by analyzing merger and acquisition (M&A) information. First, we present decision models for estimating the velocity and acceleration of M&A transactions to identify promising areas based on M&A information. Second, we identify the promising technology areas with longitudinal analyses of M&As over the entire period. Third, cross-sectional analysis is proposed to determine which technology areas are more promising through a relative comparison among technology areas within the IT sector for a specific period. The main significance of our research is that it is a prior data-based analytic method based on M&A transaction information to identify the growth of industry and technology. We hope this study will provide insights for R&D (Research&Development) policymakers and investment firms as a new approach that complements previous methods in exploring promising industry or technology areas.

scholarly journals Estudio de seguimiento de egresados como herramienta para la actualización curricular con fines de acreditación de cuatro licenciaturas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
R. Méndez Torres ◽  
Ma. R. Sánchez Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Academic Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Analysis

El presente trabajo muestra el análisis comparativo de cohorte transversal que resulta del estudio de seguimiento de egresados para la generación 2013 de la Universidad Interactiva y a Distancia del Estado de Guanajuato (UNIDEG). La intención es realizar una actualización curricular que eventualmente permita la acreditación por parte de los organismos de COPAES de cuatro licenciaturas. Se parte de la hipótesis de que no existe diferencia significativa en los resultados y opiniones de los egresados de las diferentes carreras. Los resultados permiten conocer información relevante de los egresados que generan el autoconocimiento de la institución y la puesta en marcha de acciones de mejoramiento de la calidad académica y al mismo tiempo el acercamiento a los egresados para impulsar proyectos en los que se les involucre. This paper shows a cross sectional analysis of a graduates follow up study of 2013 generation of Universidad Interactiva y a Distancia del Estado de Guanajuato (UNIDEG). The purpose is to make a curricular update that eventually allow the accreditation by of the four bachelors by the members of COPAES. The initial hypothesis is that there is no significant difference in the results and opinions of graduates of different bachelors. The results let to know relevant information from graduates that generate self-knowledge of the institution to generate actions to improve academic quality while approaching graduates to promote projects in which they are involved.  

Association between the Prime Diet Quality Score and depressive symptoms in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional and 2-year follow-up assessment from PREDIMED-PLUS study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Naomi Cano-Ibáñez ◽  
Lluis Serra-Majem ◽  
Sandra Martín-Peláez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract The burden of depression is increasing worldwide, specifically in older adults. Unhealthy dietary patterns may partly explain this phenomenon. In the Spanish PREDIMED-Plus study we explored (1) the cross-sectional association between the adherence to the Prime Diet Quality Score- (PDQS), an a priori-defined high-quality food pattern and the prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline (cross-sectional analysis), and (2) the prospective association of baseline PDQS with changes in depressive symptomatology after 2 years of follow-up. After exclusions, we assessed 6612 participants in the cross-sectional analysis and 5523 participants in the prospective analysis. An energy-adjusted high-quality dietary score (PDQS) was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The cross-sectional association between PDQS and the prevalence of depression, presence of depressive symptoms and prospectively assessed changes in depressive symptoms was evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models and mixed linear-effects models). PDQS was inversely associated with depressive status in the cross-sectional analysis. Participants in the highest quintile of PDQS (Q5) showed a significantly reduced odds of depression prevalence as compared to participants in the lowest quartile of PDQS (Q1) [OR (95%) CI= 0.82 (0.68, 0.98))]. The baseline prevalence of depression decreased across PDQS quintiles (p for trend=0.015). A statistically significant association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2-y follow-up was found (β (95%) CI = −0.67 z-score (−1.17, −0.18). A higher PDQS was cross-sectionally related to a lower depressive status. Nevertheless, the null finding in our prospective analysis, raises the possibility of reverse causality. Further prospective investigation is required to ascertain the association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms along time.

scholarly journals Characterisation of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks in the Japanese context: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Nana Shinozaki ◽  
M Barbara E Livingstone ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Objective: To characterise different meal types by examining the contribution of specific meals to the total intakes and the nutritional quality of each meal. Design: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on dietary data collected using 4-d dietary record. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3. Setting: Japan. Participants: Adults aged 20–81 years (n 639). Results: Diet quality was, on average, highest for dinner, followed, in order, by lunch, breakfast and snacks. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, on average, accounted for 21 %, 32 %, 40 % and 11 % of total energy intake, respectively. For many nutrients, the percentage contribution to total intake did not vary within each meal, broadly in line with that for energy: 18–24 % for breakfast, 26–35 % for lunch, 35–49 % for dinner and 4–15 % for snacks. However, intakes of many foods largely depended on one meal type. The foods mainly eaten at dinner were potatoes, pulses, total vegetables, fish, meat and alcoholic beverages (52–70 %), in contrast to noodles (58 %) at lunch and bread (71 %) and dairy products (50 %) at breakfast. The foods mainly eaten at snacks were confectioneries (79 %) and sugar-sweetened beverages (52 %). Conversely, rice and eggs were more evenly distributed across three main meals (19–41 % and 30–38 %, respectively), while fruit and non-energetic beverages were more evenly distributed across all meal types (17–30 % and 19–35 %, respectively). Conclusions: These findings provide the background information on each meal type in Japanese and may help inform the development of meal-based guidelines and public health messages.

scholarly journals Postmarketing commitments for novel drugs and biologics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: a cross-sectional analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Wallach ◽  
Anita T Luxkaranayagam ◽  
Sanket S Dhruva ◽  
Jennifer E Miller ◽  
Joseph S Ross
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Status Information ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractBackgroundPostmarketing commitments are clinical studies that drug sponsors agree to conduct at the time of FDA approval, but which are not required by statute or regulation. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics, completion, and dissemination of postmarketing commitments agreed upon by sponsors at first FDA approval.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of postmarketing commitments for new drugs and biologics approved 2009-2012. Using public FDA documents, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus, we determined postmarketing commitments and their characteristics known at the time of FDA approval; number of postmarketing commitments subject to reporting requirements, for which FDA is required to make study status information available to the public (“506B studies”), and their statuses; and rates of registration and results reporting on ClinicalTrials.gov and publication in peer-reviewed journals for all clinical trials, with follow-up through July 2018.ResultsAmong 110 novel drugs and biologics approved by the FDA between 2009-2012, 61 (55.5%) had at least one postmarketing commitment at the time of first approval. Of 331 total postmarketing commitments, 271 (81.9%) were non-human subjects research, predominantly chemistry, manufacturing, and controls studies; 49 (14.8%) were clinical trials (33 new and 16 ongoing trials for which follow-up results would be reported). Study descriptions for the new clinical trials often lacked information to establish study design features. Of the 89 (26.9%) 506B studies subject to public reporting requirements, of which 42 were clinical trials, 59 (66.3%) did not have an up-to-date status provided by FDA. Nearly all new clinical trials (28 of 31, 90.3%) were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov; of the 23 registered trials that were completed or terminated, 22 (95.7%) had reported results. Only half (14 of 29, 48.3%) of completed or terminated clinical trials, registered or unregistered, were published in peer-reviewed journals. Conclusions: The majority of postmarketing commitments agreed to by sponsors at the time of FDA approval for novel drugs and biologics approved between 2009-2012 were chemistry, manufacturing, and controls studies. While only 15% were clinical trials, these trials were nearly always registered with reported results on ClinicalTrials.gov. However, despite FDA public reporting requirements, up-to-date study status information was often unavailable for 506B studies.

Comparison of HIV Type 1 Incidence Observed during Longitudinal Follow-Up with Incidence Estimated by Cross-Sectional Analysis Using the BED Capture Enzyme Immunoassay

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Steven McDougal ◽  
Bharat S. Parekh ◽  
Michael L. Peterson ◽  
Bernard M. Branson ◽  
Trudy Dobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Sectional Analysis
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