Trace Element Detection In Particle X-Ray Spectrum

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 901-902
Author(s):  
John A. Small
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
Automated Scanning ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Concentration Levels

One of the main goals of automated scanning electron microscopy analysis (ASEM) of particles is to provide macroscopic phase and compositional information on particle populations based on the energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, EDS, analysis of several hundred to several thousand individual particles from the sample. The selection and identification of the various elemental groupings is often accomplished by applying techniques for grouping data, such as multivariate or cluster analysis methods, to characteristic x-ray intensities or normalized elemental concentrations. Particle groupings are often based on major and minor elements with concentrations greater than about 1-2 wt. percent. At these concentration levels, the peak-to-background ratios for the characteristic x-ray peaks are sufficiently large that in the absence of severe peak overlaps the elements can be easily identified even in spectra with poor counting statistics. Additional refinement in particle groupings may be possible if reliable information can be obtained on the trace elements present in particles at less than about 1-2 wt.%.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine dye using CuO straw-sheaf-like nanostructures

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Purnachander Rao ◽  
Jerry J. Wu ◽  
Abdullah M. Asiri ◽  
Sambandam Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Straw-sheaf-like CuO nanostructures were fruitfully synthesized using a chemical precipitation approach for the photocatalytic degradation assessment of tartrazine. Phase identification, composition, and morphological outlook of prepared CuO nanostructures were established by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized CuO nanostructures was appraised in the presence of visible light and the possible intermediates formed during the photocatalytic degradation were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A suitable degradation pathway has also been proposed.

Catalytic Olefin Hydroalkoxylation by Nano Particles of Pollucite

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zamanian ◽  
Ali Nemati Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Catalyst ◽  
Aromatic Alcohols ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Surface ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The catalytic hydroalkoxylation of α,β-unsaturated esters, nitriles, and ethers with aliphatic and aromatic alcohols over pollucite using thermal and microwave-assisted methods was investigated. To study the effect of the alcohol structures on the mechanism of the hydroalkoxylation reaction, different alcohols, such as methanol to butanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, and 2-ethylhexanol were used. The activities of pollucite, in contrast to other basic solids, were scarcely affected by the presence of air and moisture. The correlation between alcohol acidity and reaction activity is discussed. The prepared pollucite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, volumetric nitrogen adsorption surface area analysis, and CO2 temperature‐programmed desorption. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the size of the modified nano catalyst particles was under 40 nm.

Preparation of Al2O3/MgO Nano-Composite Particles for Bio-Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4A) ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Sallal ◽  
Alla A. Abdul-Hameed ◽  
Farhad. M. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

This study describes the preparation and study of the properties of Nano composite particles prepared in a sol-gel method which consists of two materials (Αl2Ο3-MgΟ). The powder was evaluated by x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), particle size analysis, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and antibacterial test. The evaluation results of the nanocomposite particles shows a good distribution of the chemical composition between aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide, smoothness in particles  size where it reached to (54.9, 59.8) nm at calcination in (550 0C and 850 0C) respectively, formation of different shapes of nanoparticles and different  phases of the Αl2Ο3 particles (kappa and gamma) and nanopowder have well antibacterial action, Therefore, this reflects the efficiency of the proposed method to manufacture the nanocomposite powder and the possibility of using this powder as a strengthening material for the composite materials and using these composite materials in bio applications, especially in the fabrication of artificial limbs.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HG-BASED SUPERCONDUCTING THIN FILMS PRODUCED STARTING FROM LASER-DEPOSITED PRECURSORS

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 2731-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BINDI ◽  
F. FUSO ◽  
N. PUCCINI ◽  
E. ARIMONDO ◽  
A. TAMPIERI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Precursor Film ◽  
Superconducting Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Zero Resistance ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Correctly c-axis oriented HgBa 2 CaCu 2 O 6+δ thin films have been produced on (100) MgO single crystal substrates and characterized. Pulsed laser deposition has been exploited to deposit Hg-free Re-doped precursor which then underwent synthesis in evacuated and sealed quartz tubes. X-ray diffraction pattern of the precursor target shows the expected composition of oxides. Scanning electron microscopy analysis have been performed on the surface of the precursor film. Hg-1212 films have been analyzed by θ-2θ Bragg-Brentano X-ray diffractometry. The patterns show little contributions in composition of Hg-1223 phase. The films exhibit a transition temperature >120 K with zero-resistance at around 115 K.

scholarly journals Study of dielectric behavior and electrical properties of hematite α-Fe2O3 doped with Zn

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Nikolic ◽  
M.P. Slankamenac ◽  
N. Nikolic ◽  
D.L. Sekulic ◽  
O.S. Aleksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Two Phases

The effects of Zn-doping on the dielectric behavior and electrical properties of bulk ?-Fe2O3 have been studied. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of two phases in all samples: hematite and spinel ZnFe2O4, with the amount of spinel phase increasing with increasing Zn content. Scanning electron microscopy analysis combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the Zn-bearing phase occurred in the form of individual spinel ZnFe2O4 grains in a hematite matrix. DC conductivity was measured in the temperature range 25-225oC (298-498 K). Impedance spectroscopy measurements in the same temperature range were carried out in the frequency range 100Hz to 10 MHz. Increase in the Zn content resulted in increased electrical conductivity and higher values of the dielectric constant. The resistance and capacitance of grains and grain boundaries were analyzed by modeling the experimental results using an equivalent circuit.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Green Nanobiotechnology Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahaya Gavamukulya ◽  
Esther N. Maina ◽  
Fred Wamunyokoli ◽  
Amos M. Meroka ◽  
Edwin S. Madivoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Introduction: The biological green synthesis of nanoparticles via nanobiotechnology processes have a significant potential to boost nanoparticles production without the use of harsh, toxic, and expensive chemicals commonly used in conventional physical and chemical processes. Annona muricata, a tropical plant belonging to family Annonaceae is one of the most used plants in folk medicine because of its many medicinal uses and therefore presents a strong candidate for use in green synthesis. Aims: The aim of this study was to optimize a method for the synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona muricata as well as to characterize the green synthesized AgNPs. Methodology: AgNPs were synthesized from Annona muricata leaves using AgNO3 solution. The AgNPs were characterized using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Results: The formed AgNPs had an absorption maximum at 429 nm using UV–Visible spectroscopy and were stable under different pH, temperature, and storage conditions. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the different functional groups responsible for the synthesis and stabilization of the AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a spherical nature of the synthesized AgNPs. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis showed presence of Ag, O, and Cl with Ag having the highest composition at 60%. X-Ray Diffraction and Dynamic Light Scattering revealed a crystalline nature of AgNPs with an average size of 87.36 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.16 respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis further confirmed the crystalline and spherical nature of the AgNPs. Conclusion: In this article, an efficient, eco-friendly and low-cost method for the synthesis and recovery of stable AgNPs using Annona muricata leaves ethanolic extracts as both a reducing and capping agent has been reported for the first time. The synthesized AgNPs could be promising candidates for many biomedical, clinical, engineering, and polymer applications.

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