scholarly journals Irreducible continua and generalization of hereditarily unicoherent continua by means of membranes

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-426
Author(s):  
R. F. Dickman ◽  
L. R. Rubin ◽  
P. M. Swingle
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Simple Closed Curve ◽  
Closed Curve ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Point Set ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Special Case

In [2] we defined an irreducible B(J)-cartesian membrane, and used this to obtain a characterization of an n-sphere by generalizing the definition of simple closed curve given by Theorem 1.2 below. There B(J) is a class A(n) of (n−1)-spheres, but here it is a class of mutually homeomorphic continua. In Theorem 1.1 we give a definition of hereditarily unicoherent continua and generalize this in Section 3 by means of B(J)-cartesian membranes. To do this we paraphrase by a translation some of Wilder's work in [7]. In his Unified Topology [8: p. 674] he gives a principle: “The connectedness of a domain is a special case of the bounding properties of its i-cycles”. We substitute the element J of B(J) for the i-cycle and for “bound” we substitute that “J membrane-bases an irreducible B(J)-cartesian membrane. The very nature of an i-cycle seems to limit the complexity of the point set studied, although the restriction to “nice” manifolds is due partly to the difficulty of the subject matter treated. There are similar difficulties here, but also advantages, in the very general set-theoretic approach by means of B(J)-membranes.

scholarly journals What is the Meaning of Critical Thinking in the Context of Globalization?

MANUSYA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Stephen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

A review of recent literature advocating critical thinking as a necessary response to ‘globalizationʼ, gives no clear picture of what critical thinking is. Drawing on Kant and Hermeneutics, this paper proposes a critical definition of critical thinking as an understanding of its subject-matter which questions itself, and a characterization of critical thinking as the tension of standing within the subject-matter while holding it at a distance. Considered against a backdrop of concerns about ‘globalizationʼ, critical thinking is seen, not only as an intellectual method, but also as an existential engagement of the world.

Subjective Point of View of a Student on Ways of Subject Matter Structure Creation by the Teacher

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-171
Author(s):  
Denisa Gunišová ◽  
Jana Duchovičová
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Cognitive Frames ◽  
Teacher Work ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Education Process

Authors in this contribution focus on issue of subject matter structure creation by the teacher as an important psycho-didactic domain of education process and how does a student perceive this structure. The aim of the teacher is not only to impart the knowledge to students but also to show them and teach them possible ways of how to understand the subject matter better and how to get to the fundamentals of it. Based on the structure of subject matter created by the teacher a student creates cognitive frames which become basis for his further learning. We pay attention to definition of epistemology of subject matter structure, questions of psycho-didactic approach to teaching, creating structure of subject matter and how does the teacher work with the text. Empirical part of the contribution investigates teachers' preferences of subject matter structure and statistically describes subjective perception of level of understanding of the subject matter by a student influenced by the particular subject matter structure realized by the teacher.

scholarly journals FORENSIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OFFER, PROMISE OR THE PROVISION OF IMPROPER BENEFITS: THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF A CRIME

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Г. О. Гончарук
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the definition of the subject-matter of such corruption crimes as a proposal, a promise or the provision of an undue benefit (stipulated in Article 369 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The normative legal acts, forensic scientific literature, and also the analysis of judicial practice are studied. It is ascertained that to the subjects of the proposal, the promise or the provision of undue benefits, that is, the crimes provided for in Art. 369 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine can be classified as: a) cash, b) benefits, c) benefits d) services, e) intangible assets, f) other property. Taking into account the following forming properties, it is expedient to subdivide the objects of the offer or the promise of improper benefit to the official for real and symbolic. In accordance with the analysis of judicial practice, the average subject-matter of a proposal, promise or provision of improper benefit to an official is cash in local currency (UAH) in the amount of UAH 6286.70.

Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Mbosowo Bassey Udok
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Human existence as a whole is attached to a culture. Every human is a member of a group that acts within the framework of patterns of behavior that is unique or peculiar to the group. Each group determines the component of her culture, and culture builds an identity for the group. This chapter is poised to examine definitions of culture across cultural backgrounds to show similarities and differences in articulating the subject matter. It explicates the components of culture which include the product and technical knowledge of human beings in a given environment. The work plunges into the characteristics of culture as socially based. Here, culture is seen as a creation of society and shared among members of the same society and learned through associations with others in the group. The work concludes that though there is no universally acceptable definition of culture, the impact of culture cannot be undermined as its influence is felt across disciplines and communities.

Essentialism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Yablo
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Hard Part ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Definition Of

Essentialists maintain that an object’s properties are not all on an equal footing: some are ‘essential’ to it and the rest only ‘accidental’. The hard part is to explain what ‘essential’ means. The essential properties of a thing are the ones it needs to possess to be the thing it is. But this can be taken in several ways. Traditionally it was held that F is essential to x if and only if to be F is part of ‘what x is’, as elucidated in the definition of x. Since the 1950s, however, this definitional conception of essence has been losing ground to the modal conception: x is essentially F if and only if necessarily whatever is x has the property F; equivalently, x must be F to exist at all. A further approach conceives the essential properties of x as those which underlie and account for the bulk of its other properties. This entry emphasizes the modal conception of essentiality. Acceptance of some form of the essential/accidental distinction appears to be implicit in the very practice of metaphysics. For what interests the metaphysician is not just any old feature of a thing, but the properties that make it the thing it is. The essential/accidental distinction helps in other words to demarcate the subject matter of metaphysics. But it also constitutes a part of that subject matter. If objects have certain of their properties in a specially fundamental way, then this is a phenomenon of great metaphysical significance.

Philosophy and History in the Study of Political Thought

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Bartelson
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Widespread View

AbstractThis article analyzes how the relationship between philosophy and history has been conceived within the study of political thought, and how different ways of conceiving this relationship in turn have affected the definition of the subject matter as well as the choice of methods within this field. My main argument is that the ways in which we conceive this relationship is dependent on the assumptions we make about the ontological status of concepts and their meaning. I start by discussing the widespread view that philosophy and history ought to be viewed as distinct if not incompatible ways of studying political thought, and then go on to describe the view that philosophical and historical approaches should be conceived of as identical or inseparable. I end this article by suggesting that these approaches rather should be viewed as mutually constitutive for the benefit of a more coherent study of political thought.

Being Fair to the Hounds: The Function and Practice of Annotation, II

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 63-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Henige
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Visual Strategy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Visual strategy begins on the first page. The most pretentious form of first page differentation is the “lead-in” quotation whereby the author prefaces the main body of the text with a quote from an esteemed scholar, a famous decision, or some other prestigious source. … The objective of the “lead-in” quote is to spark immediate attention with a titillating example of erudition, humor, or impertinence… Ideally the lead-in quote should be obscure—oriental sources are recommended—and should not have a substantive link to the subject matter of the article. … This technique can generate guilt among readers who suspect the game but lack the nerve to speak out.His books positively clank and groan under the weight of apparatus. Very good it is too.As indicated in the first part of this paper, I adopt a generous definition of “annotation” in this discussion. There the traditional forms, footnotes, and other textual apparatus were discussed. Here I want to concentrate on a number of forms of annotation that are not usually treated under that rubric. Included (in roughly the order in which they are likely to appear in a given work) are titles, tables of contents, prefaces, epigraphs, graphs and charts, maps, quoted matter, facsimiles, appendices, glossaries, bibliographies, and indexes. Each of these is an occasion—and an opportunity—to provide access to the text, to the author's own sources, or to the author's mind. While every work will not use all of these, certain of them (prefaces, tables of contents, bibliographies, and indexes) should be a part of every substantial scholarly study.

scholarly journals V.—Pre-Roman Bronze Votive Offerings from Despeñaperros, in the Sierra Morena, Spain

Archaeologia ◽  
1906 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace Sandars
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Sierra Morena ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Votive Offerings

Before entering upon the consideration of the subject matter of this paper, I would mention that I found some difficulty in selecting an appropriate title for it. It appeared to me that although a generally descriptive title, perforce composed of several long names strung together, or of compound adjectives made up of such words as Greek, Phœnician, and Iberian, would be more correct, it might, at the same time, and without some previous knowledge of the subjects dealt in during the course of the paper, prove to be confusing. I hesitated between “Iberian” and “Pre-Roman.” I think that “Iberian” would, in some respects, have been a more appropriate title, because Iberian influences, both in a geographical and an ethnical sense, undoubtedly predominate, not only in the votive objects themselves, but also in other expressions of that phrase in art with which I am about to deal. “Iberian” is, however, so often and so loosely employed to denote anything and everything that comes from Hispania, that I finally decided upon “Pre-Roman.” It should, however, not be taken in this instance as the chronological definition of a period which ends with the Roman occupation of Spain in 200 B.C., because it may, and undoubtedly does, extend into several subsequent centuries; but rather as indicating that the influences which predominated in the inception of the offerings in no way derive from the Romans, and that they are traceable to pre-Roman times in the Peninsula.

What is Religion?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bergunder
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Historical Reconstructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Religious studies cannot agree on a common definition of its subject matter. To break the impasse, important insights from recent discussions about post-foundational political theory might be of some help. However, they can only be of benefit in conversations about “religion” when the previous debate on the subject matter of religious studies is framed slightly differently. This is done in the first part of the article. It is, then, shown on closer inspection of past discussions on “religion” that a consensus-capable, contemporary, everyday understanding of “religion,” here called Religion 2, is assumed, though it remains unexplained and unreflected upon. The second part of the article shows how Religion 2 can be newly conceptualized through the lens of Ernesto Laclau’s political theory, combined with concepts from Judith Butler and Michel Foucault, and how Religion 2 can be established as the historical subject matter of religious studies. Though concrete historical reconstructions of Religion 2 always remain contested, I argue that this does not prevent it from being generally accepted as the subject matter of religious studies. The third part discusses the previous findings in the light of postcolonial concerns about potential Eurocentrism in the concept of “religion.” It is argued that Religion 2 has to be understood in a fully global perspective, and, as a consequence, more research on the global religious history of the 19th and 20th centuries is urgently needed.

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