What are the long-term effects of treatment on survivors of childhood leukaemia? A review of the literature

AbstractPurposeKey advances in cancer treatment have led to an increasing number of long-term cancer survivors. Knowledge of the long-term effects of cancer treatment on leukaemia survivors is to some degree limited. This article investigates the effects of the treatment of childhood leukaemia on the quality of life (QOL), the physical and the psychological wellbeing and general development of survivors. This article reviews current literature to examine existing gaps in knowledge and identify a potential focus of future research and clinical practice.Materials and methodsOnline systematic searching, along with historical searching took place in order to retrieve relevant primary research papers for the review. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the literature, to create a manageable amount of research papers.ResultsThe extent of intellectual impairment among radiotherapy patients was significantly greater than those treated with chemotherapy only. Body composition, including endocrine function, is readily affected by cancer treatment. Early identification and interventions can greatly improve the QOL of survivors.ConclusionFurther research into the effect of treatment modality on the extent of chronic effects, along with investigations into the needs of the whole family unit, is required. Future practice must take into account long-term implications while ensuring effective holistic care.

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Long-term effects of cancer treatment and consequences of cure: Cancer survivors enjoy quality of life similar to their neighbours

European Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80418-6 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 826-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Charles L.M. Olweny ◽

Christopher A. Juttner ◽

Peter Rofe ◽

Graham Barrow ◽

Adrian Esterman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Long Term Effects

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Sopravvivere al cancro: una rassegna sulla Qualitŕ di Vita nella cancer survivorship

PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE ◽

10.3280/pds2009-003004 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 55-71

Author(s):

Maria Antonietta Anunziata ◽

Barbara Muzzatti ◽

Katia Bianchet ◽

Massimiliano Berretta ◽

Emanuela Chimienti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivorship ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Point Model ◽

Medical Progress ◽

Definition Of ◽

Practical Implications

- Thanks to substantial medical progress, today the number of cancer survivors constantly increases. Thus, ever more frequently, patients and healthy professionals must treat a new condition: the cancer survivorship. This condition is peculiar for both its somatic (e.g. the late and long term effects of the treatments) and psychosocial (e.g. psychological distress, fear for a relapse, perceived social support) implications. The present paper is a review of the recent international literature about cancer survivorship; a condition still less known in Italy. First the definition of cancer survivorship is discussed and then cancer survivorship is addressed through a four point model of the concept of Quality of Life. In the last section, the authors will examine the expectation for future research, as well as the possible limitations, together with the practical implications of this topic.

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A review of sulphur fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of canola in the Canadian Great Plains

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-140 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 297-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽

Jeff J. Schoenau ◽

Cynthia A. Grant

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Growing Season ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

S Deficiency ◽

S Fertilizers

In the Parkland region of the Canadian prairies, Canola (Brassica napus L. or Brassica rapa L.) is an important cash crop. Canola has a high requirement for sulphur (S). However, many soils in this region are deficient or potentially deficient in plant-available S for optimum canola seed yield. Application of sulphate-S at about 15–30 kg S ha-1 is usually sufficient to prevent S deficiency in canola on most of the S-deficient soils. Application of sulphate-S to canola at seeding time gives the highest increase in yield and S uptake. Deficiencies of S in canola plants can be prevented and/or corrected and seed yield improved with the use of sulphate-S fertilizers in the growing season. Application of sulphate-S at bolting can substantially restore seed yield, while an application at early flowering can moderately correct S deficiency damage. Side-banding is the most effective way to apply sulphate-S fertilizers to produce maximum seed yield and to prevent any damage to canola seedlings from seed-row placement. In relatively moist areas, broadcast-incorporation methods can produce seed yield similar to side-banding in most years. Elemental S fertilizers were not effective in increasing seed yield in the year of application, and were generally less effective than sulphate-S fertilizer even after multiyear annual applications, especially when applied in spring. Autumn-applied elemental S was more effective than spring-applied elemental S. Banding delayed availability of elemental S as compared to broadcast application. Use of granular elemental S products is not reliable for optimum seed yield of canola under Canadian prairie conditions on S-deficient soils, particularly in the initial year and with spring application or band placement. Elemental S fertilizers may have a role to maintain or build-up sulphate-S levels in soils marginally low in S where residual benefits are desirable, but management decisions should consider both immediate and long-term effects of S fertilizer on seed yield, seed quality and economics. The findings suggest the need of future research to increase dispersion and distribution of S particles from granules for faster oxidation of elemental S in soil, and to develop elemental S fertilizer products/formulations that can be used on a commercial scale to prevent and/or correct S deficiency in the growing season to optimize seed yield and quality of canola. Research is also required to determine the long-term effects of balanced application of S with other nutrients on soil quality, accumulation and distribution of nitrate-N, sulphate-S and other nutrients in the soil profile, efficiency of nutrient, water and energy use, and crop diseases. More research should be conducted in relation to soil/plant tissue testing issues for optimum seed yield and quality of canola. Key words: Balanced fertilization, canola, elemental S fertilizers, method of application, rate of S, seed quality, seed yield, sulphate-S fertilizers

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Long-term effects of childhood cancer treatment on hormonal and ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve

Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/ey.16.9.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

van den Berg MH ◽

Overbeek A ◽

Lambalk CB ◽

Kaspers GJL ◽

Bresters D ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Long Term Effects

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Cancer and Cancer Treatment-Related Cognitive Impairment

The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190664121.013.4 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 60-83

Author(s):

James C. Root ◽

Elizabeth Ryan ◽

Tim A. Ahles

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Functional Neuroimaging ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Future Research ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Central Nervous System Cancer ◽

Pharmacologic Treatments

As the population of cancer survivors has grown into the millions, there is increasing emphasis on understanding how late effects of treatment impact survivors’ ability return to work/school, ability to function and live independently, and overall quality of life. Cognitive changes are one of the most feared problems among cancer survivors. This chapter describes the growing literature examining cognitive changes associated with non-central nervous system cancer and cancer treatment. Typical elements of cancer treatment are discussed, followed by a description of clinical presentation, self-reported and objectively assessed cognitive findings, and results of structural and functional neuroimaging research. Genetic and other risk factors for cognitive decline following treatment are identified and discussed, together with biomarkers and animal models of treatment-related effects. This is followed by a discussion of behavioral and pharmacologic treatments. Finally, challenges and recommendations for future research are provided to help guide subsequent research and theoretical models.

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Long-term Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on the Quality of Life of Children with Sleep-disordered breathing

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1709195 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Alves Sousa Caixeta ◽

Jessica Caixeta Silva Sampaio ◽

Vanessa Vaz Costa ◽

Isadora Milhomem Bruno da Silveira ◽

Carolina Ribeiro Fernandes de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction Adenotonsillectomy is the first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children. The physical benefits of this surgery are well known as well as its impact on the quality of life (QoL), mainly according to short-term evaluations. However, the long-term effects of this surgery are still unclear. Objective To evaluate the long-term impact of adenotonsillectomy on the QoL of children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Method This was a prospective non-controlled study. Children between 3 and 13 years of age with symptoms of SDB for whom adenotonsillectomy had been indicated were included. Children with comorbities were excluded. Quality of life was evaluated using the obstructive sleep apnea questionnaire (OSA-18), which was completed prior to, 10 days, 6 months, 12 months and, at least, 18 months after the procedure. For statistical analysis, p-values lower than 0.05 were defined as statistically significant. Results A total of 31 patients were enrolled in the study. The average age was 5.2 years, and 16 patients were male. The OSA-18 scores improved after the procedure in all domains, and this result was maintained until the last evaluation, done 22 ± 3 months after the procedure. Improvement in each domain was not superior to achieved in other domains. No correlation was found between tonsil or adenoid size and OSA-18 scores. Conclusion This is the largest prospective study that evaluated the long-term effects of the surgery on the QoL of children with SDB using the OSA-18. Our results show adenotonsillectomy has a positive impact in children's QoL.

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The impact of lymphedema on health-related quality of life up to 10 years after breast cancer treatment

npj Breast Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41523-021-00276-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mads G. Jørgensen ◽

Navid M. Toyserkani ◽

Frederik G. Hansen ◽

Anette Bygum ◽

Jens A. Sørensen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Breast Cancer Treatment ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe impact of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) on long-term quality of life is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of BCRL on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) up to 10 years after breast cancer treatment. This regional population-based study enrolled patients treated for breast cancer with axillary lymph node dissection between January 1st 2007 and December 31th 2017. Follow up and assessments of the included patients were conducted between January 2019 and May 2020. The study outcome was HRQoL, evaluated with the Lymphedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire and the Short Form (36) Health Survey Questionnaire. Multivariate linear logistic regression models adjusted for confounders provided mean score differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals in each HRQoL scale and item. This study enrolled 244 patients with BCRL and 823 patients without BCRL. Patients with BCRL had significantly poorer HRQoL than patients without BCRL in 16 out of 18 HRQoL subscales, for example, in physical function (MDs 27, 95%CI: 24; 30), mental health (MDs 24, 95%CI: 21; 27) and social role functioning (MDs 20, 95%CI: 17; 23). Age, BMI, BCRL severity, hand and dominant arm affection had only minor impact on HRQoL (MDs < 5), suggesting a high degree of inter-individual variation in coping with lymphedema. This study showed that BCRL is associated with long-term impairments in HRQoL, especially affecting the physical and psychosocial domains. Surprisingly, BCRL diagnosis rather than clinical severity drove the largest impairments in HRQoL.

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Yoga therapy to reduce fatigue in cancer: effects of reminder e-mails and long-term efficacy

Supportive Care in Cancer ◽

10.1007/s00520-021-06345-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Teresa Zetzl ◽

Andre Pittig ◽

Agnes Renner ◽

Birgitt van Oorschot ◽

Elisabeth Jentschke

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Cognitive Fatigue ◽

Yoga Therapy ◽

Life Data

Abstract Objective To examine the efficacy of reminder e-mails to continue yoga therapy on practice frequency and fatigue in cancer patients and long-term effects of yoga on fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Methodology One hundred two cancer patients who completed an 8-week yoga therapy were randomly allocated to two groups: reminder (N = 51) vs. no-reminder group (N = 51). After completing yoga therapy, the reminder group received weekly e-mails for 24 weeks, which reminded them of practicing yoga, whereas the no-reminder group did not. Primary outcomes were fatigue and practice frequency, and long-term outcomes were fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Data were assessed using questionnaires after yoga therapy (T1) and 6 months after completing yoga therapy (T2). Result A significantly stronger reduction of general (p = 0.038, d = 0.42) and emotional fatigue (p = 0.004, d = 0.59) and a higher increase of practice frequency (p = 0.015, d = 0.52) between T1 and T2 were found for the reminder group compared to the no-reminder group. In the mediation model, practice frequency as a mediator partially explained the changes in emotional fatigue (indirect effect B = − 0.10). Long-term effects of yoga therapy regarding fatigue, depression, and quality of life were found (F > 7.46, p < 0.001, d > 0.54). Conclusion Weekly reminder e-mails after yoga therapy can positively affect general and emotional fatigue and help cancer patients with fatigue establish a regular yoga practice at home. However, higher practice frequency did not lead to higher physical or cognitive fatigue improvement, suggesting other factors that mediate efficacy on physical or cognitive fatigue, such as mindfulness or side effects of therapy.

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Small-Scale Deliberation and Mass Democracy: A Systematic Review of the Spillover Effects of Deliberative Minipublics

Political Studies ◽

10.1177/00323217211007278 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003232172110072

Author(s):

Ramon van der Does ◽

Vincent Jacquet

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Small Scale ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Mass Democracy

Deliberative minipublics are popular tools to address the current crisis in democracy. However, it remains ambiguous to what degree these small-scale forums matter for mass democracy. In this study, we ask the question to what extent minipublics have “spillover effects” on lay citizens—that is, long-term effects on participating citizens and effects on non-participating citizens. We answer this question by means of a systematic review of the empirical research on minipublics’ spillover effects published before 2019. We identify 60 eligible studies published between 1999 and 2018 and provide a synthesis of the empirical results. We show that the evidence for most spillover effects remains tentative because the relevant body of empirical evidence is still small. Based on the review, we discuss the implications for democratic theory and outline several trajectories for future research.

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