Applying current technology to improve milk protein at farm level

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 245-269
Author(s):  
T. Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Milk Protein Content

AbstractImproving milk protein concentration at farm level can add fifty pounds per cow to milk sales annually. The benefit for processors is an increase in protein supply by ten percent and improved milk processability. The farm changes needed to improve milk protein content can also lead to a reduction in milk production costs of at least fifty pounds per cow. The objective of the Kerry Agribusiness/Teagasc “Focus on Profit” project was to adopt current technology in relation to improving milk protein at farm level to enable farmers to improve their income. Specifically to improve milk value by 0.85 p/litre by increasing milk protein content from 32 g/kg, the Kerry average for 1994, to 34 g/kg by the year end 2000. Thirty five farmers were selected to represent each category of milk supplier to Kerry Agribusiness in relation to scale of production, size of holding, soil type, farm management practices and farm location. Herds were milk recorded. Milk volume, protein and butterfat concentration, production costs, farm characteristics and management practices were monitored. Current information/technology from research on improving milk protein content and reducing costs was communicated to monitor farms by means of farm visits, farm walks, demonstrations, discussion groups, clinics, seminars, newsletters, booklet, press articles and the radio by advisors and research personnel from Kerry Agribusiness, Teagasc, Munster Cattle Breeding Society, Department of Agriculture and New Zealand. From 1994, milk protein concentration has increased by 1.1 g/kg from 31.7 to 32.8, butterfat concentration has increased by 2.4 g/kg from 35.2 to 37.6 g/kg and milk value has increased by 0.97 p/litre from 20.23 to 21.20 p/litre. The best improvement in milk protein was observed during January, February and March — 0.27 g/kg, 0.36 g/kg and 0.24 g/kg respectively. Twelve monitor farmers had protein content in their milk greater than 32.0 g/kg in 1994. This increased to 33 farmers by 1998 of which 14 had milk protein content greater than 33.0 g/kg. Thirty two (91%) of monitor farmers improved milk protein by over 0.1 g/kg, six increased milk protein by over 2.0 g/kg. Milk costs were reduced by 0.7 p/litre by monitor farmers when 1995 was compared to 1998. This reduction was 1.74 p/litre from 4.66 p/litre to 2.92 p/litre when 1995 was compared with 1997. By applying current information/technology, Kerry Agribusiness monitor farmers increased milk protein content and reduced milk production costs.

Prediction of milk protein content from elements of the Metabolisable Protein System and the effect of ether extract on prediction precision of models

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
E. Smoler
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Protein Feed

Carbohydrates and proteins are the major dietary components supplying metabolisable protein for milk protein production. However, ether extract (EE) or fats have sometimes been related to negative effect on milk protein concentration (Spörndly, 1989; Smoler, 1996). Models for the prediction of milk protein concentration from combinations of carbohydrate and protein feed components have been constructed by Smoler (1996). In order to reduce collinearity among predictors and verify EE's negative effect on predictions of milk protein concentration, predictive models based on carbohydrate and protein dietary components were compared to those based on the same components but with the addition of EE.

scholarly journals Production and composition of milk per Holstein and Jersey cow from two farms in northwest Rio Grande do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Laize Bandeira CALGARO ◽  
Júnior FIORESI ◽  
João Pedro VELHO ◽  
Fernanda Hammes STROEHER ◽  
Dileta Regina Moro ALESSIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Negative Relationships

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to monitor cow milk quality and composition in two farms in the Noroeste Rio-grandense mesoregion, located in the municipalities of Palmeira das Missões and Pinhal - RS. Both herds were mixed, with animals of the Holstein (70%) and Jersey (30%) breeds. The following overall parameters were evaluated: body condition score (BCS), udder dirtiness, and calving order, and the following milk composition factors were measured: total dry extract (TDE), defatted dry extract (DDE), milk lactose, fat, and protein contents, casein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and somatic cell count (SCC). Multivariate statistical analysis was performed, and four factors were identified representing combinations of the measured variables. The first factor comprised negative relationships between milk production and cow breed, milk fat content, and milk protein content. The second factor comprised the positive relationships between lactation days and body condition score and milk protein content. The third factor represented the negative relationships between milk lactose content and SCC score, calving order, and BCS. The fourth factor was composed of the positive relationship between delivery order and udder dirtiness. Cluster analysis revealed that individual cows could be categorized into three groups. Monitoring the breed, calving order, body condition score, lactation days, milk production, fat, protein, and lactose contents, somatic cell counts, and udder dirtiness in cows allows greater control of the herd, allowing potential shortcomings to be rectified quickly and economic losses to production to be minimized.

The effect of crop maturity on the nutritional value of maize silage for lactating dairy cows. 3. Food intake and milk production

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
A. K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Crop Maturity

AbstractFifty-five multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were used in a 20-week continuous design study to determine the effect of maize silage maturity on food intake and milk production. Forage maize (cv. Hudson) was harvested and ensiled at target dry matter (DM) contents of 230 (T23), 280 (T28), 330 (T33) and 380 (T38) g per kg fresh weight (FW). The mean values for volatile-corrected DM (VCDM), starch, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein and predicted metabolizable energy (ME) content of the four maize silages were 226, 290, 302 and 390 g/kg FW, 114, 274, 309 and 354 g/kg VCDM, 574, 447, 431 and 448 g/kg VCDM, 96, 80, 74 and 75 g/kg VCDM and 10·3, 11·5, 11·6 and 11·2 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Grass silage containing 296 g VCDM per kg FW was produced from the primary growth of a perennial ryegrass sward. At week 3 of lactation cows were allocated to one of five forage treatments offered ad libitum. The forage treatments were either grass silage alone (TGS) or a 3 : 1 DM ratio of maize and grass silage designated as T23, T28, T33 and T38. All cows also received 8·7 kg DM per day of a dairy concentrate. Forage VCDM intake for TGS was lower (P < 0·001) than for T23 to T38. Increasing maize silage DM content from 226 (T23) to 290 (T28) g/kg increased (P < 0·05) forage VCDM intake from 10·9 to 13·3 kg/day but a further increase to 390 (T38) g/kg tended to reduce VCDM intake. When compared with TGS, the inclusion of maize silage increased milk yield from 28·0 kg/day to 29·4, 32·7, 33·0 and 30·8 kg/day for T23 to T38, respectively, the increases being significant for T28 to T38. However, milk yield was reduced (P < 0·05) when the DM content of the maize silage increased from 302 to 390 g/kg. Increasing maize silage DM content from T23 to T33 reduced (P < 0·05) milk fat content from 45·8 to 41·8 g/kg, which was also lower (P < 0·05) than for TGS. The inclusion of maize silage increased fat yield with a significant difference (P < 0·05) between TGS and T28. The inclusion of maize silage increased milk protein content (P < 0·05) and protein yield (P < 0·001) when compared with TGS. While increasing maize silage maturity did not affect (P > 0·05) milk protein content, protein yield was higher (P < 0·05) for the two intermediate DM contents. There were no treatment effects on body condition score. It is concluded that the changes in composition of maize silage with increasing maturity, which are associated with increased starch and reduced NDF content, resulted in large increases in food intake and yield of milk and protein as crops matured from T23 to T33. However, when crop maturity increased further to T38 there was a tendency for DM intake and yield of milk and protein to decline.

The response of dairy cows to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
J A Metcalf ◽  
L A Crompton ◽  
F R C Backwell ◽  
B J Bequette ◽  
M A Lomax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.

The response of dairy cows to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
J A Metcalf ◽  
L A Crompton ◽  
F R C Backwell ◽  
B J Bequette ◽  
M A Lomax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.

scholarly journals Effects of pattern of concentrate feeding on milk production of dairy cows offered silage ad libitum.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Y.S. Rijpkema ◽  
L. van Reeuwijk ◽  
P.W. Goedhart
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Milk Protein Content

In three 24-wk experiments beginning at wk 4 post partum, a system of concentrate feeding at a flat level was compared with feeding concentrates to milk yield (experiments 1 and 2), or with a high-low 2-step system in which the rate was reduced after wk 12 (experiment 3). Roughage was offered ad lib. In experiment 1 two types of concentrates were involved whereas in experiment 3 two levels of concentrates were applied. The systems were evaluated using high levels of concentrates and with Friesian and Holstein-Friesian cows producing about 7000 kg milk/lactation. Experiments 1 and 3 involved 64 and experiment 2 32 cows. In the comparison between feeding strategies, differences in yield and composition of milk were of minor importance except for milk protein content on the moderate-quality grass silage diet (experiment 1). Milk production tended to be higher for concentrates including fish meal, in contrast to soyabean meal, particularly in the first half of the experimental period. However, milk fat content was significantly lower, resulting in similar productions of 4%-FCM. Extra concentrates in experiment 3 had significant positive effects on the production of milk, fat and protein, and also on milk protein content and liveweight gain. Feeding strategy however, was without any significant effect. It was concluded that with the high-yielding cows, offered roughages to appetite, there is no need to feed concentrates strictly to their estimated individual energy requirements. This may be of increasing importance when forage allowances/cow increase as a consequence of smaller numbers of cows/farm. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Milk production by dairy cows fed hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to pasture

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

Friesian cows in early lactation were fed 3.5 or 7.0 kg DM daily of either hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to a pasture-based diet. Milk production and composition and the amount and composition of whole oaten grain excreted in the faeces were measured. There were no significant differences between treatments in the yields of milk, fat or protein. There was a tendency towards lower milk fat content in milk from cows fed 7.0 kg DM daily of the hammermilled grains. Differences between grain types were not significant for all production parameters except milk protein content. Protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in milk from cows fed hammermilled and whole oaten grain compared with that from cows fed lupin grain. Yield of milk fat was significantly (P<0.05) higher and ratio of milk protein to fat significantly (P < 0.05) lower for cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain than for those fed 7.0 kg DM of grain. There was a significant (P< 0.05) interaction between grain type and grain level for the ratio of protein to fat in the milk. Cows excreted 24% of the whole oaten grain at both levels of grain fed and there were no significant differences in composition of the whole oaten grain fed or excreted in the faeces. There was no benefit to production either from feeding hammermilled lupin grain compared with hammermilled or whole oaten grain or from feeding 7.0 compared with 3.5 kg DM daily of grain to cows grazing pasture.

Effects of calcium soaps and rumen undegradable protein on the milk production and composition of dairy ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMON CASALS ◽  
GERARDO CAJA ◽  
XAVIER SUCH ◽  
CELINA TORRE ◽  
SERGIO CALSAMIGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Forty-eight Manchega dairy ewes were used during a complete lactation in a 2×2 factorial design to determine the effects of supplementing diets with fat (calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids, CSFA) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk production and composition. Factors tested were amounts of CSFA (0 or 200 g/kg) and RUP (300 or 450 g/kg crude protein) in the concentrate. RUP was altered by adding a mixture of maize gluten meal and blood meal. Lactation was divided into one nursing period (period 1, weeks 1–4), and three milking periods (periods 2–4, weeks 5–8, 9–14 and 15–21). Concentrates were given at 0–8 kg/d during periods 1 and 2, and at 0–6 kg/d in periods 3 and 4. Ewes grazed rotationally in an Italian rye-grass pasture and received a daily supplement of 0·8 kg vetch–oat hay during period 1, and 0·3 kg lucerne hay during periods 2–4. For the whole lactation, supplemental fat markedly increased milk fat content (+23%) and yield (+16%), and decreased milk protein content (−9%). The positive effect of feeding CSFA on milk fat content was more evident at the beginning of lactation; however, its negative effect on milk protein was more pronounced in late lactation. Supplementary RUP had little effect, increasing milk protein content only in period 3, when the crude protein content of pasture was lower. Milk yield and lamb growth were not affected by dietary treatments. The results indicated that CSFA can be useful for increasing the milk fat content of dairy ewes at pasture, which may help farmers to produce milk reaching the minimum requirements of fat content for the cheese industry.

Anti-mastitis SNV identification of NFκB1 in Chinese Holstein cows and the possible anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 in bovine MECs

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Rongfu Tian ◽  
Huilin Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract NFκB1/p105 is the critical member of the NFκB family which can suppress inflammation, ageing, and cancer when p50/p50 homodimer is formed. Currently, the research about the role of NFκB1/p105 during cow mastitis is limited. Here, we analyzed the correlation of six single-nucleotide variants of the NFκB1 gene with somatic cell count, milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein content in 547 Chinese Holstein cows, and explored the mRNA expression profiles of the NFκB family and ubiquitin ligases (βTrCP1, βTrCP2, KPC1, KPC2) in LPS-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by transcriptome-Seq. The association analysis showed that cows with SNV2-TT and SNV6-CC in the NFκB1 gene had significantly higher milk protein content (P &lt; 0.05), while cows with SNV5-TT in the NFκB1 gene had significantly lower somatic cell score (SCS), but CC genotype at SNV5 locus was not detected in our Holstein cows. The transcriptome-Seq results demonstrated the mRNA expression of NFκB1 was increased and peaked at 4 h post-induction, while the mRNA expressions of both KPC1 and BCL3 that promote the anti-inflammation function of NFκB1/p105 were decreased in LPS-induced bovine MECs. TNFAIP3, an inhibitor of both degradation and processing of p105 precursor, was markedly increased by more than 3 folds. Furthermore, bta-miR-125b which targets at the 3ʹUTR of TNFAIP3 was reduced by 50%. These results indicated that SNV5-TT of the NFκB1 gene with lower SCS may be an anti-mastitis genotype that could cope with infection more efficiently in Chinese Holstein cows. In addition, the anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 seemed to be inhibited in LPS-induced-bovine MECs because the formation of the p50/p50 homodimer was arrested. This study provides a new perspective to understand the inflammatory mechanism in dairy mastitis.

scholarly journals The chemical composition and technological properties of milk obtained from the morning and evening milking

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Skýpala ◽  
Gustav Chládek
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Morning Milk

Milk yield varies during lactation, following what is termed a lactation curve. ŽIŽLAVSKÝ and MIKŠÍK (1988) recorded changes in milk yield within a day, too. TEPLÝ et al. (1979) a KOUŘIMSKÁ et al. (2007) published variation within a day ± 1.10 kg in milk yield, ± 0.75 % in milk fat content and ± 0.20 % in milk protein content. Milk yield of cows can be expressed in many different ways, for instance, in kilograms per lactation or in kilograms per day. A practical parameter describing milk production is milk yield (kg) per milking.The object of experiment were 12 cows of Holstein cattle on the first lactation from the 100-day of lactation to 200-day of lactation. The samples of milk were collected from January to May 2007, once a month from the morning and evening milking (milking interval 12 h ± 15 min.). The following parameters were monitored: milk production – milk yield (kg), milk protein production (kg), milk fat production (kg); milk composition – milk protein content (%), milk fat content (%), lactose content (%), milk solids-not-fat content (%), milk total solids content (%); technological properties of milk – ti­tra­tab­le acidity (SH), active acidity (pH), rennet coagulation time (s), quality of curd (class) and somatic cell count as a parameter of udder health.Highly significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between morning milk yield (15.7 kg) and evening milk yield (13.8 kg), between morning milk protein production (0.51 kg) and evening milk protein production (0.45 kg) and between evening milk fat content (4.41 %) and morning milk fat content (3.95 %). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between morning milk total solids content (12.62 %) and evening milk total solids content (12.07 %). No significant differences were found between morning (M) and evening (E) values of the remaining parameters: milk fat production (M 0.62 kg; E 0.60 kg), milk protein content (M 3.24 %; E 3.27 %), milk lactose content (M 4.78 %; E 4.86 %), milk solids-not-fat content (M 7.69 %; E 7.71 %), somatic cell count (M 80 000/1 mL; E 101 000/1 mL), titratable aci­di­ty (M 7.75 SH; E 7.64 SH), active acidity (M pH 6.58; E pH 6.61), rennet coagulation time (M 189 s.; E 191 s.), quality of curd (M 1.60 class; E 1.57 class).

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