scholarly journals Effects of pattern of concentrate feeding on milk production of dairy cows offered silage ad libitum.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Y.S. Rijpkema ◽  
L. van Reeuwijk ◽  
P.W. Goedhart
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Milk Protein Content

In three 24-wk experiments beginning at wk 4 post partum, a system of concentrate feeding at a flat level was compared with feeding concentrates to milk yield (experiments 1 and 2), or with a high-low 2-step system in which the rate was reduced after wk 12 (experiment 3). Roughage was offered ad lib. In experiment 1 two types of concentrates were involved whereas in experiment 3 two levels of concentrates were applied. The systems were evaluated using high levels of concentrates and with Friesian and Holstein-Friesian cows producing about 7000 kg milk/lactation. Experiments 1 and 3 involved 64 and experiment 2 32 cows. In the comparison between feeding strategies, differences in yield and composition of milk were of minor importance except for milk protein content on the moderate-quality grass silage diet (experiment 1). Milk production tended to be higher for concentrates including fish meal, in contrast to soyabean meal, particularly in the first half of the experimental period. However, milk fat content was significantly lower, resulting in similar productions of 4%-FCM. Extra concentrates in experiment 3 had significant positive effects on the production of milk, fat and protein, and also on milk protein content and liveweight gain. Feeding strategy however, was without any significant effect. It was concluded that with the high-yielding cows, offered roughages to appetite, there is no need to feed concentrates strictly to their estimated individual energy requirements. This may be of increasing importance when forage allowances/cow increase as a consequence of smaller numbers of cows/farm. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Milk production by dairy cows fed hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to pasture

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

Friesian cows in early lactation were fed 3.5 or 7.0 kg DM daily of either hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to a pasture-based diet. Milk production and composition and the amount and composition of whole oaten grain excreted in the faeces were measured. There were no significant differences between treatments in the yields of milk, fat or protein. There was a tendency towards lower milk fat content in milk from cows fed 7.0 kg DM daily of the hammermilled grains. Differences between grain types were not significant for all production parameters except milk protein content. Protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in milk from cows fed hammermilled and whole oaten grain compared with that from cows fed lupin grain. Yield of milk fat was significantly (P<0.05) higher and ratio of milk protein to fat significantly (P < 0.05) lower for cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain than for those fed 7.0 kg DM of grain. There was a significant (P< 0.05) interaction between grain type and grain level for the ratio of protein to fat in the milk. Cows excreted 24% of the whole oaten grain at both levels of grain fed and there were no significant differences in composition of the whole oaten grain fed or excreted in the faeces. There was no benefit to production either from feeding hammermilled lupin grain compared with hammermilled or whole oaten grain or from feeding 7.0 compared with 3.5 kg DM daily of grain to cows grazing pasture.

Effects of calcium soaps and rumen undegradable protein on the milk production and composition of dairy ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMON CASALS ◽  
GERARDO CAJA ◽  
XAVIER SUCH ◽  
CELINA TORRE ◽  
SERGIO CALSAMIGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Forty-eight Manchega dairy ewes were used during a complete lactation in a 2×2 factorial design to determine the effects of supplementing diets with fat (calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids, CSFA) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk production and composition. Factors tested were amounts of CSFA (0 or 200 g/kg) and RUP (300 or 450 g/kg crude protein) in the concentrate. RUP was altered by adding a mixture of maize gluten meal and blood meal. Lactation was divided into one nursing period (period 1, weeks 1–4), and three milking periods (periods 2–4, weeks 5–8, 9–14 and 15–21). Concentrates were given at 0–8 kg/d during periods 1 and 2, and at 0–6 kg/d in periods 3 and 4. Ewes grazed rotationally in an Italian rye-grass pasture and received a daily supplement of 0·8 kg vetch–oat hay during period 1, and 0·3 kg lucerne hay during periods 2–4. For the whole lactation, supplemental fat markedly increased milk fat content (+23%) and yield (+16%), and decreased milk protein content (−9%). The positive effect of feeding CSFA on milk fat content was more evident at the beginning of lactation; however, its negative effect on milk protein was more pronounced in late lactation. Supplementary RUP had little effect, increasing milk protein content only in period 3, when the crude protein content of pasture was lower. Milk yield and lamb growth were not affected by dietary treatments. The results indicated that CSFA can be useful for increasing the milk fat content of dairy ewes at pasture, which may help farmers to produce milk reaching the minimum requirements of fat content for the cheese industry.

scholarly journals The chemical composition and technological properties of milk obtained from the morning and evening milking

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Skýpala ◽  
Gustav Chládek
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Morning Milk

Milk yield varies during lactation, following what is termed a lactation curve. ŽIŽLAVSKÝ and MIKŠÍK (1988) recorded changes in milk yield within a day, too. TEPLÝ et al. (1979) a KOUŘIMSKÁ et al. (2007) published variation within a day ± 1.10 kg in milk yield, ± 0.75 % in milk fat content and ± 0.20 % in milk protein content. Milk yield of cows can be expressed in many different ways, for instance, in kilograms per lactation or in kilograms per day. A practical parameter describing milk production is milk yield (kg) per milking.The object of experiment were 12 cows of Holstein cattle on the first lactation from the 100-day of lactation to 200-day of lactation. The samples of milk were collected from January to May 2007, once a month from the morning and evening milking (milking interval 12 h ± 15 min.). The following parameters were monitored: milk production – milk yield (kg), milk protein production (kg), milk fat production (kg); milk composition – milk protein content (%), milk fat content (%), lactose content (%), milk solids-not-fat content (%), milk total solids content (%); technological properties of milk – ti­tra­tab­le acidity (SH), active acidity (pH), rennet coagulation time (s), quality of curd (class) and somatic cell count as a parameter of udder health.Highly significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between morning milk yield (15.7 kg) and evening milk yield (13.8 kg), between morning milk protein production (0.51 kg) and evening milk protein production (0.45 kg) and between evening milk fat content (4.41 %) and morning milk fat content (3.95 %). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between morning milk total solids content (12.62 %) and evening milk total solids content (12.07 %). No significant differences were found between morning (M) and evening (E) values of the remaining parameters: milk fat production (M 0.62 kg; E 0.60 kg), milk protein content (M 3.24 %; E 3.27 %), milk lactose content (M 4.78 %; E 4.86 %), milk solids-not-fat content (M 7.69 %; E 7.71 %), somatic cell count (M 80 000/1 mL; E 101 000/1 mL), titratable aci­di­ty (M 7.75 SH; E 7.64 SH), active acidity (M pH 6.58; E pH 6.61), rennet coagulation time (M 189 s.; E 191 s.), quality of curd (M 1.60 class; E 1.57 class).

The relationship between milk progesterone and milk traits during estrus in dairy Cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gavelis ◽  
V. Þilaitis ◽  
A Juozaitis ◽  
V. Juozaitienë ◽  
G. Urbonavièius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between milk progesterone concentration (P4) and milk traits at the start of estrus time and 12h after start of the estrus in dairy cows. The 96 milk samples of 48 Lithuanian dairy cows without reproduction disorders and 90–100 days after calving were evaluated. Cows were classified into two groups based on milk yield per day: less than 30 kg (n=20) and e”30 kg (n=28). Data were categorized by milk fat and protein content at the start estrus and 12h after start of estrus to evaluate relationship between P4 and milk traits examined. P4 at estrus time in dairy cows was significantly positively correlated with milk yield (P less than 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with milk protein (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.01) and fat at 12h after start of estrus. Dairy cows with F/P from 1.0 to 1.5 had the lowest P4 in milk. Results of the pregnancy in dairy cows were related with lower P4 and milk yield level (P less than 0.001), higher milk fat (P less than 0.05) and milk protein content (P less than 0.001). These cows had 1.90 times lower prevalence of the signs of subclinical ketosis (P less than 0.05) at estrus time when compared with non-pregnant cows. As a result, it was clearly demonstrated that P4 in dairy cows can help to evaluate and improve the reproductive properties of cows.

Milk production by dairy cows fed legume grains or barley grain with or without urea as supplements to a cereal hay based diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk production and composition was determined in Holstein-Friesian cows fed either 3.5 or 7.0 kg dry matter (DM) daily of lupin grain, pea grain, faba bean grain or barley grain with or without 1.5% added urea, as supplements to an oaten hay based diet. All the grains were hammermilled. Daily yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for cows fed lupin (20.0, 0.81, 0.57), pea (18.9, 0.80, 0.56) and faba bean (18.9, 0.79,0.55) grains compared with those of cows fed barley grain with (17.8, 0.73, 0.51) or without (18.0, 0.71, 0.52) urea. Yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) and milk protein content (g/kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when 7.0 kg DM (19.5, 0.80, 0.57, 29.6) compared with 3.5 kg DM (18.0,0.73,0.51,29.0) of grain was fed. There were no significant differences between treatments in hay DM intake by cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain daily. A significantly (P<0.05) higher milk fat production per unit DM intake was recorded for cows fed legume compared with barley grain. There were generally higher returns above grain cost for cows fed legume compared with barley grain and for cows fed 4 kg compared to 8 kg daily of grain. It was concluded that it was more economical to feed 3.5 kg DM of legume grain compared with 3.5 kg DM of barley grain, with or without urea, as supplements for cows offered cereal hay in early lactation. However, the economics of feeding 7.0 kg DM of legume grain compared with 7.0 kg DM of barley grain and 7.0 kg DM compared with 3.5 kg DM of grain will depend on the costs of relative changes in hay intake associated with these practices.

scholarly journals Productive characteristics and body measurements of alpine goats raised under smallholder production systems in central Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
F. Bauman ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
V.C. Petrovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Linear Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The purpose of this study was to evaluate present level of productivity and determine linear body traits of Alpine goats raised in Serbia on smallholder farms. Data were collected from 22 smallholder farms located in Belgrade district, with total of 330 purebred Alpine does 2-9 years of age, 145 yearling does and 476 kids. Traits measured were: body weight of does, body weight of kids at birth, 30 days of age and at weaning (90-120 days), prolificacy of mature and yearling (primiparous) does, six linear body traits of does (wither height, body length, hearth girth, chest depth, chest width, pelvic width) and milk production (milk yield, milk fat and milk protein content). The analysis showed the average body weight of does to be 54.96 kg, while the average body weight of kids at birth, 30 days of age and weaning was 2.73 kg, 8.7 kg and 18.3 kg., respectively. Prolificacy was 144% in mature and 125% in yearling does. Measurements of linear body traits were: wither height 67.87 cm, body length 71.92 cm, hearth girth 81.79 cm, chest depth 32.93, chest width 21.49 cm and pelvic width 17.63 cm. Among dairy production traits, following results were obtained: lactation length 220.73 days, total milk yield 531.66 kg, milk fat content 3.33% and milk protein content 3.16%. It was concluded that the overall productivity of Alpine goats raised under smallholder production systems in Serbia is satisfying. Giving the fact that these animals are usually kept under poor conditions, many of these productive traits are very good.

scholarly journals Production and composition of milk per Holstein and Jersey cow from two farms in northwest Rio Grande do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Laize Bandeira CALGARO ◽  
Júnior FIORESI ◽  
João Pedro VELHO ◽  
Fernanda Hammes STROEHER ◽  
Dileta Regina Moro ALESSIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Negative Relationships

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to monitor cow milk quality and composition in two farms in the Noroeste Rio-grandense mesoregion, located in the municipalities of Palmeira das Missões and Pinhal - RS. Both herds were mixed, with animals of the Holstein (70%) and Jersey (30%) breeds. The following overall parameters were evaluated: body condition score (BCS), udder dirtiness, and calving order, and the following milk composition factors were measured: total dry extract (TDE), defatted dry extract (DDE), milk lactose, fat, and protein contents, casein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and somatic cell count (SCC). Multivariate statistical analysis was performed, and four factors were identified representing combinations of the measured variables. The first factor comprised negative relationships between milk production and cow breed, milk fat content, and milk protein content. The second factor comprised the positive relationships between lactation days and body condition score and milk protein content. The third factor represented the negative relationships between milk lactose content and SCC score, calving order, and BCS. The fourth factor was composed of the positive relationship between delivery order and udder dirtiness. Cluster analysis revealed that individual cows could be categorized into three groups. Monitoring the breed, calving order, body condition score, lactation days, milk production, fat, protein, and lactose contents, somatic cell counts, and udder dirtiness in cows allows greater control of the herd, allowing potential shortcomings to be rectified quickly and economic losses to production to be minimized.

Synthesis of milk protein and opportunities for nutritional manipulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. MacRae ◽  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
L.A. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Milk Protein Content

AbstractDietary manipulation of milk fat content and/or fatty acid composition is becoming a feasible, and for certain niche–markets, attractive means of boosting the nutritive value and acceptability of milk and its secondary products. However it is not yet possible to indicate equivalent ways of manipulating milk protein content and/or composition. This paper will consider current knowledge on milk protein biosynthesis and the opportunities for nutritional manipulation. Recent infusion studies which have linked changes in mammary amino acid metabolism with changes in milk protein content will be examined in an attempt to elucidate key features of the metabolic regulation of the dairy cow which need to be addressed if the British consumer is to have the choice of higher protein (possibly designer protein) milk products. This review will (in part) utilise data from a joint project at the Rowett Institute and Reading University funded by a consortium comprising government (MAFF, BBSRC and SOAEFD) and agribusiness (MDC, Purina Mills and Hendrix).

The effect of distillery by-products and molassed sugar beet feed on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows fed a maize silage based total mixed ration

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
A. K. Jones ◽  
J.G. Perrot
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Milk Protein Content

An earlier study conducted at the Centre for Dairy Research (Phipps et al. 1996) using a total mixed ration (TMR) based on maize silage, showed that when distillers grains wheat and molassed sugar beet feed (MSBF) replaced cereal and protein supplements, milk yield and dry matter (DM) intake were maintained but there was a large and significant reduction in milk fat and a small but significant reduction in milk protein. This depression in milk protein was attributed to the high oil content of distillers grains, which would have reduced fermentable metabolisable energy intake which in turn may have adversely affected microbial protein synthesis and reduced milk protein content. The aim of the current study was to devise a nutritional regime using distillers grains maize (DGM) and MSBF in a TMR which would allow milk fat content to be substantially reduced without compromising either DM intake, milk yield or milk protein content.

Effect of long-term rumen-protected methionine supplementation on performance of Shami goats and growth performance of their kids

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Titi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Clear Dose Response

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing the diets of Shami goats with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in late pregnancy (last 60 days) and early lactation on milk production, composition, fatty acid profile in the first 60 days of lactation, and on growth performance of their kids. Three groups were used (25 goats/group) in a completely randomised design. Groups were a control with no supplements (0RPM) or supplemented with either 2.5 (2.5RPM), or 5.0 g/head.day RPM (5RPM). Birth and weaning weights for kids were recorded and analysed. Milk production was measured and sampled biweekly from each dam and analysed for milk composition. Results showed that RPM had no effect on birth and weaning weights, or average daily gain of Shami kids. However, milk to gain ratio of kids was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved. Milk production increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in 5RPM group compared with 0RPM and 2.5RPM groups. Milk protein content was the highest (P &lt; 0.05) in the 2.5RPM group, followed by the 5RPM and 0RPM groups, whereas milk fat content was not different among the groups. Meanwhile, yields of both components were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in milk of treated groups. Casein and energy-corrected milk were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with treatment. No effect on dry-matter intake was recorded, while feed to milk ratio was better (P &lt; 0.05) for RPM groups than for 0RPM group. Milk fatty acids composition did not show significant changes after RPM treatment. In conclusion, results showed that supplementing RPM to Shami goats in late pregnancy did not affect birthweight or growth of suckling kids but improved milk production and milk protein, although no clear dose response to RPM was detected.

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