scholarly journals What a Difference a Decade Makes: Rethinking Teenage Pregnancy as a Problem

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Arai
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Teenage Fertility

The Teenage Pregnancy Strategy (TPS) has been implemented in England since 1999 and has two aims: to halve under 18s conceptions; and to reduce the risk of social exclusion among young mothers. The TPS portrays young motherhood as problematic, the cause of poor outcomes. Yet, the problematisation of teenage fertility has been contested, especially by qualitative researchers who have demonstrated that early motherhood can be experienced positively. This research is discussed here, as are findings from a small-scale study in three English locations, where teenage mothers reported good experiences of parenthood. The discrepancy between these accounts of motherhood and policy is considered.

scholarly journals The Implementation of an Educational Re-Entry Policy for Girls after Teenage Pregnancy: A Case Study of Public Secondary Schools in the Kuria District, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kodek Mig Omwancha
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
After School ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Right

<p>A new policy was introduced in Kenya in 1994 that enabled teenage mothers to continue schooling after delivery. The re-entry policy for girls who drop out of school after becoming pregnant while still at school is of international concern. The Kenyan government has already signed numerous international and regional declarations guaranteeing all children the right to education. However, it is not well known to what extent girls are taking advantage of the policy, how aware school mangers are of the policy, and what challenges they meet in its implementation. Little is known in the international literature about the girls‟ experiences in attempting or succeeding in being able to re-enter school. This study investigated the implementation of the re-entry policy for girls after school pregnancy. This study used critical theory in identifying the importance of the study which also aimed to sensitise stakeholders to the issues involved in teenage pregnancy by raising them for discussion. A qualitative method using a case study approach was chosen. Standard open-ended interviews were used to obtain in-depth information from the Ministry of Education (MOE) officials, head teachers, current students, teenage mothers and parents. Data were analysed thematically, using a social constructivist lens. Particular attention was given to the young girls‟ experiences by presenting them as narratives. The study revealed that there are conflicting views as to the value, nature and implementation of the policy. There was a concerning lack of awareness and understanding of both the policy and the guidelines. The findings further showed that many socio-cultural factors were important in preventing young mothers from returning to school. Hence there was a strong desire from the participants to be involved in any discussions about the policy. Findings from this study will help in creating awareness of the policy among all Kenyan stakeholders. The findings provide insights into inclusive policies, valuing and listening to voices not typically heard with an objective to enhancing the education of young mothers in Kenyan schools. They will also help in understanding the challenges in policy implementation in the context of limited resources, diverse viewpoints and expectations, and in studying the problems of pregnancy policy implementation in specific cultural settings. They will also contribute to the literature that calls for more understanding of the experiences of the young mothers.</p>

scholarly journals The Implementation of an Educational Re-Entry Policy for Girls after Teenage Pregnancy: A Case Study of Public Secondary Schools in the Kuria District, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kodek Mig Omwancha
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
After School ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Right

<p>A new policy was introduced in Kenya in 1994 that enabled teenage mothers to continue schooling after delivery. The re-entry policy for girls who drop out of school after becoming pregnant while still at school is of international concern. The Kenyan government has already signed numerous international and regional declarations guaranteeing all children the right to education. However, it is not well known to what extent girls are taking advantage of the policy, how aware school mangers are of the policy, and what challenges they meet in its implementation. Little is known in the international literature about the girls‟ experiences in attempting or succeeding in being able to re-enter school. This study investigated the implementation of the re-entry policy for girls after school pregnancy. This study used critical theory in identifying the importance of the study which also aimed to sensitise stakeholders to the issues involved in teenage pregnancy by raising them for discussion. A qualitative method using a case study approach was chosen. Standard open-ended interviews were used to obtain in-depth information from the Ministry of Education (MOE) officials, head teachers, current students, teenage mothers and parents. Data were analysed thematically, using a social constructivist lens. Particular attention was given to the young girls‟ experiences by presenting them as narratives. The study revealed that there are conflicting views as to the value, nature and implementation of the policy. There was a concerning lack of awareness and understanding of both the policy and the guidelines. The findings further showed that many socio-cultural factors were important in preventing young mothers from returning to school. Hence there was a strong desire from the participants to be involved in any discussions about the policy. Findings from this study will help in creating awareness of the policy among all Kenyan stakeholders. The findings provide insights into inclusive policies, valuing and listening to voices not typically heard with an objective to enhancing the education of young mothers in Kenyan schools. They will also help in understanding the challenges in policy implementation in the context of limited resources, diverse viewpoints and expectations, and in studying the problems of pregnancy policy implementation in specific cultural settings. They will also contribute to the literature that calls for more understanding of the experiences of the young mothers.</p>

scholarly journals Teenage Mothers, Stigma and Their ‘Presentations of Self’

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla Ellis-Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Presentation Of Self ◽  
Welfare Dependency ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Erving Goffman ◽  
Teenage Motherhood ◽  
Young Parents ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination

This article contributes to research that seeks to understand experiences of teenage motherhood. Specifically, it focuses on the stigma attached to teenage pregnancy and parenting. Negative stereotypes continue to dominate understandings of teenage pregnancy. Despite research to the contrary, teenage mothering is popularly linked to welfare dependency, promiscuity and irresponsibility. As a result, young mothers report experiences of stigma and discrimination. This paper builds on evidence of such experiences by using first-hand qualitative accounts of young parents to attempt to understand how young mothers cope with a stigmatising identity. Drawing on the work of Erving Goffman (1963 ,1967,1969), this paper describes how young mothers monitor the presentation of self in order to deflect judgment and blame. The evidence demonstrates that stigma is still an important and influential part of the experience of young motherhood.

Low Expectations, Sexual Attitudes and Knowledge: Explaining Teenage Pregnancy and Fertility in English Communities. Insights from Qualitative Research

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Arai
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, youthful pregnancy and parenthood is considered an important social and health problem and is the focus of current government intervention. Contemporary policy approaches depict early unplanned pregnancy as a consequence of relative deprivation and a lack of opportunity, leading to ‘low expectations’ among youth, and as the result of sexual ‘mixed messages’ or poor knowledge about contraception. This small scale, qualitative study explores how well these explanations accord with accounts of pregnancy and motherhood provided by young mothers and Teenage Pregnancy Local Co-ordinators in diverse English localities. The results suggest that structural factors may be more important in explaining early pregnancy than those relating to sexual attitudes and knowledge. The tension between the idea of early motherhood as problematic, or even pathological, and early motherhood as rational is also considered.

scholarly journals Teenage Mothers and Social Isolation: The Role of Friendship as Protection against Relational Exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla Ellis-Sloan ◽  
Amy Tamplin
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Group Support ◽  
Teenage Parents ◽  
Education And Employment

This article explores links made between teenage mothers and isolation: in particular, the notion of ‘relational exclusion’ (Kidger, 2004). Political conceptualisations of social exclusion often ignore this aspect and instead focus on the economic dynamics of exclusion. As a consequence, policies aimed at addressing the exclusion of teenage parents often focus on education and employment as solutions. This article argues that friendships are overlooked as a source of potential support. It therefore builds on work that has observed teenage mothers’ isolation and loneliness to examine how a teenage pregnancy affects a young woman's friendship networks. It then goes on to expand understanding of how new friendships are formed and the types of support they provide. The article concludes by proposing that social policy has a role in facilitating friendship support through investment, integrating group support with one-to-one methods and tackling stigma.

scholarly journals INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TEENAGE MOTHERS RESILIENCY IN OVERCOMING ADVERSITIES IN PREGNANCY AND EARLY MOTHERHOOD IN SOUTH AFRICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Robert Kananga Mukuna ◽  
Peter J. O. Aloka
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High School ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Teenage Motherhood ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Rural High School ◽  
In Pregnancy

The phenomenon of teenage motherhood is a major concern worldwide. The teenage mothers endure many challenges that could affect their academic goals and successes if there is insufficient support. However, some teenage mothers manage to develop certain forms of flexibility to manage these adversities. This study explored the teenage mothers' resiliency in overcoming adversities in pregnancy and early motherhood at a rural high school in South Africa. Within the Interpretative Phenomenological qualitative paradigm, an exploratory case study research design was adopted. 10 participants (N=10) were selected from a rural high school district using a purposive sampling technique. The study employed semi-structured interviews to collect data. The findings demonstrated that teenage mothers were resilient to continuing and completing their schooling by adopting self-motivation and school and family support. This study suggested that the South African Department of Education should develop a training programme for teenage mothers on psychosocial adjustment mechanisms to help them cope with their situations. Keywords: interpretative phenomenological analysis, rural high school, teenage motherhood, teenage mother resiliency, teenage pregnancy

Unintended Teenage Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study to Explore Perspectives and Experiences of Young Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Wan Rafeza Rokimi ◽  
Fatimah Sham ◽  
Ajau Danis ◽  
Siti Zulaiha Binti Che Hat
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Young Mothers

scholarly journals Re-Conceptualizing School Continuation & Re-Entry Policy for Young Mothers Living in an Urban Slum Context in Nairobi, Kenya: A Participatory Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-328
Author(s):  
Milka Perez Nyariro
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Inequality In Education

This article discusses the barriers to school continuation for pregnant girls and young mothers living in low-income and marginalized contexts in Nairobi, Kenya. In the article, I suggest adopting a girl-centered framework in the policy formulation process (Moletsane, Mitchell, & Lewin, 2015). This perspective puts girls’ voices at the center of the policy formulation process to help address the persistent gender inequality in education through problem identification and an exploration of ways to combat the challenges faced by girls. The article, which analyzes studies of government’s education policies, is supported by data from my recent fieldwork investigating young mothers’ challenges to school continuation and re-entry in Kenya, within the context of Kenya’s re-entry and continuation policy effected in 1994. I discuss the school re-entry and continuationpolicies in low-income contexts using the framework of critical feminism. I argue that there is need to integrate multi-pronged, participatory and feminist frameworks to promote systematic government educational policy reforms to shore up gender equality (King & Winthrop, 2015).  To support this argument, I develop three main claims: (a) broad conceptualization of the causes of teenage pregnancy will promote the use of multi-pronged approaches to the design of school re-entry and continuation policies; (b) formulation and implementation of any robust policies on re-entry and continuation require strong integration of the voices, perspectives and the lived experiences of pregnant teenage girls and young mothers; and (c) the use of participatory visual methodologies will give voice to pregnant girls and young mothers, and promote policy dialogue while at the same time empowering them and spurring their agency to become part of policy formulation and implementation.

scholarly journals Beyond Welfare Chauvinism and Deservingness. Rationales of Belonging as a Conceptual Framework for the Politics and Governance of Migrants’ Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
EMMA CARMEL ◽  
BOŻENA SOJKA
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This article argues that the politics and governance of migrants’ rights needs to be reframed. In particular, the terms “welfare chauvinism”, and deservingness should be replaced. Using a qualitative transnational case study of policymakers in Poland and the UK, we develop an alternative approach. In fine-grained and small-scale interpretive analysis, we tease out four distinct “rationales of belonging” that mark out the terms and practices of social membership, as well as relative positions of privilege and subordination. These rationales of belonging are: temporal-territorial, ethno-cultural, labourist, and welfareist. Importantly, these rationales are knitted together by different framings of the transnational contexts, within which the politics and governance of migration and social protection are given meaning. The rationales of belonging do not exist in isolation, but, in each country, they qualify each other in ways that imply different politics and governance of migrants’ rights. Taken together, these rationales of belonging generate transnational projects of social exclusion, as well as justifications for migrant inclusion stratified by class, gender and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults: Study of the Subtypes, Risk factors and Predictors of Poor Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Reema Rajbhandari ◽  
Parmatma Prajuli ◽  
K K Oli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Poor Outcomes

The aim of this study is to show the subtype, risk factors and predictors of poor outcomes in young ischemic stroke patients. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study where only young onset ischemic stroke patients are analyzed. 8% of total ischemic stroke sufferers were young adults; more prevalent in female (57.1%), with risk factors of smoking (47.6%) subtype cardio embolic (42.9%) was common. High NIHSS score was related to new event and correlation to mortality. Three month follow up showed MRS 2.86 ± 1.02. 57.1% of cases had significant disability (defined as MRS ≥ 3). There was a positive correlation of the cardio embolic subtype and the unclassified subtype to all three forms of poor outcomes, along with a positive correlation of the large artery atherothrombotic subtype to new events Recurrence of events (new stroke, sudden increase in symptoms and new TIAs) was observed in 14.3 %. Death was reported in 9.5% of cases.   Etiological diagnosis can be reached in majority of cases if an aggressive approach is maintained. This small scale study has provided an overview of the distribution of subtypes, risk factors and poor outcomes and their predictors. Cardiac diseases (esp. valvular disease) need to be taken more seriously to prevent cardio embolic strokes, while addressing other traditional risk factors to prevent the atherothrombotic subtypes.

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