Life history, development and behaviour of Eldana saccharina Walker on sugar-cane in southern Ghana

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sampson ◽  
R. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Eldana Saccharina ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Southern Ghana

AbstractFemale Eldana saccharina Walker was found to lay 327 ± 17.1 eggs within a period of 4 days and required three surfaces to lay eggs which were mainly deposited on the inner side of leaf sheaths fitting tightly on to the sugar-cane stalk. The mated females laid more eggs per female (327.0 ± 17.1) than virgin females (212.3 ± 5.5). The incubation period of the eggs of E. saccharina was found to be 5.64 ± 0.01 (5–7) days in the laboratory and 5.82 ± 0.03 (5–7) days in the field. The mean larval duration was 31 days and pre-pupal period lasted 2.05 ± 0.05 days. Larvae were found to exude a brownish liquid from their mouth in the direction of the invading predators. The newly hatched larvae spread out in 1–3 days of hatching. The mean growth ratio of the larval instars was 1.54 ± 0.05. Pupae frequently occurred very close to the exit hole (less than 5 cm) and the pupal period varied from 7 to 13 (9.76 ± 0.05) days. The life cycle of E. saccharina was completed in 49 (36–62) days. The pre-oviposition period was 2 days and the female reproductive life lasted 4 days. It takes about 53 days for a succeeding generation to be produced. Adults of E. saccharina survived from 6 to 13 days. Adults reared from field collected larvae snowed a sex ratio of 42:51 which was significantly different from 1:1 in the laboratory bred stock, at the 5% level of probability. A comparison of the life cycle of E. saccharina populations in Ghana and Uganda suggests the existence of two biotypes of the pest.

The white coffee borer, Anthores leuconotus Pasc., and its control.

1960 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Tapley
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Rains ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wood Boring

Anthores leuconotus Pasc., indigenous in East, South-East, South and South-West Africa, is an important ring-barking and wood-boring pest of the main stem and root of arabica coffee. The duration of the life-cycle ranges from 12 to 25 months, with most individuals requiring 16–20 months. Thus beetles developed from eggs laid during the long rains (April–June) of one year will mostly emerge during the short rains (Nov.–Jan.) of the following year, with some appearing during the rains preceding and others during the ensuing rains.If the mean life-cycle is taken to be 18 months, the approximate duration of each stage is as follows:— eggs require 21–23 days for eclosion; larvae in the first five instars ring-bark the tree for 4 months, and those in the final two instars bore into the wood for 12 months; the pupal period lasts about 4½ weeks, and the beetle remains in the tree for a further two weeks before emerging.

scholarly journals LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF PROCTOLAELAPS GIZAENSIS SP. NOV. (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA: MELICHARIDAE) ON FIVE DIFFERENT DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Farouk Allam ◽  
Riham Abdel Aziz Mahmoud ◽  
Mourad Fahmy Hassan ◽  
Hassan Ali Taha
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

The predatory mite Proctolaelaps gizaensis was found under palm trees and core of palm associated with mites, Rhizoglyphus robini, collembolan and other arthropods. The incubation period is affecting by different diets at 27±2ºC and 65-70%, the shortest period was 1.61 days when reared on sugar cane + pollen +chitosan), and the duration of larval female increased than male. Statistical analysis showed significant effects on the duration of the total immature stages with different diets. At the same temperature, life cycle durated 11.32 days for female and 10.10 days for male reared on sugar cane, but when add pollen to sugar cane, this period was 12.56 days for female opposed to 11.6 days for male. The shortest period of life cycle was recorded when reared on (sugar cane + chitosan), whereas the longest period was recorded when the mite reared on (sugar cane +pollen+ chitosan). Fecundity was affected by rearing on different diets, the mean total number of deposited eggs 84.7, 88.9, 48 and 16.75 eggs when reared on (sugar cane), (sugar cane + pollen), (sugar cane + pollen +chitosan) and (sugar cane + chitosan) respectively. The most suitable diet was sugarcane with pollen followed by sugarcane at 27±2ºC and 65-70% R.H. for increasing female fertility. The net reproductive rate (R0 ) reached highest value when it reared on sugarcane+ pollen (35.076 females /female). However, the shortest value was obtained when it reared on Sugarcane+ Chitosan being 6.384 females /female. For the mean generation time (T), this period decreased with the add chitosan to (sugarcane) and (sugarcane+ pollen), it were averaged values 12.588 and 17.305. While, these values increased when reared on sugarcane (18.157) and sugarcane+ pollen (19.910).When the values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were converted into finite rate of increase (?), the population of P. gizaensis had the capacity decrease by 1.216, 1.195, 1.191 and 1.158 times/female/day when fed on obvious diets respectively. Th

scholarly journals Mating, oviposition behaviour and biology of hogplum beetle

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Mating Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mating Interval ◽  
Hog Plum

Experiments were conducted to observe mating and oviposition behabiour as well as biology of hog-plum beetle. Results revealed that the average mating frequency, mating duration and mating interval were 11.2, 30.5 hours and 60.3 hours, respectively. The highest number of eggs per clusters was on leaf rachis followed by young stem. The mean number of eggs per cluster was 15.70 while the length and breadth of an egg was 1.95 mm and 0.60 mm, respectively. The mean duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae were 3.80, 3.40, 3.70 and 3.00 days, respectively. The mean pupal period was 22.74 days. The female beetle lived longer (48.30 days) than the male (45.10 days). The size of female beetle was larger (15.30 mm) than male (11.96 mm). The mean length of antennae was 7.42 mm. The length of fore, mid and hind legs were 9.20, 9.50 and 11.70 mm, respectively. Hind wings were larger (16.10 mm length and 7.85 mm breadth) than fore wings (12.38 mm length and 5.30 mm breadth).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 503-508, September 2017

scholarly journals On the Convective Coupling and Moisture Organization of East Pacific Easterly Waves

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 3850-3870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam V. Rydbeck ◽  
Eric D. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Zonal Wind ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Easterly Waves ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Meridional Winds ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Processes associated with the local amplification of easterly waves (EWs) in the east Pacific warm pool are explored. Developing EWs favor convection in the southwest and northeast quadrants of the disturbance. In nascent EWs, convection favors the southwest quadrant. As the EW life cycle progresses, convection in the northeast quadrant becomes increasingly prominent and southwest quadrant convection wanes. The EW moisture budget reveals that anomalous meridional winds acting on the mean meridional moisture gradient of the ITCZ produce moisture anomalies supportive of convection in the southwest quadrant early in the EW life cycle. As EWs mature, moisture anomalies on the poleward side of the EW begin to grow and are supported by the advection of anomalous moisture by the mean zonal wind. In the southwest and northeast portions of the wave, where convection anomalies are favored, lower-tropospheric vorticity is generated locally through vertical stretching that supports a horizontal tilt of the wave from the southwest to the northeast. EWs with such tilts are then able to draw energy via barotropic conversion from the background cyclonic zonal wind shear present in the east Pacific. Convection anomalies associated with EWs vary strongly with changes in the background intraseasonal state. EWs during westerly and neutral intraseasonal periods are associated with robust convection anomalies. Easterly intraseasonal periods are, at times, associated with very weak EW convection anomalies because of weaker moisture and diluted CAPE variations.

scholarly journals Biology of the Wild SilkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) in the Kakamega Forest of Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mbahin ◽  
S. K. Raina ◽  
E. N. Kioko ◽  
J. M. Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Indigenous Forest

A study on the life cycle of the silkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) was conducted in two different habitats of the Kakamega Forest in western Kenya: Ikuywa, an indigenous forest, and Isecheno, a mixed indigenous forest. Eggs were laid in clusters, and the incubation period ranged from 40 to 45 days. Larvae fed onBridelia micrantha(Hochst) and passed through seven instars. The developmental period took between 83 to 86 days in the dry season and 112 to118 days in the rainy season. The pupal period ranged between 158 and 178 days in the rainy season and, on the other hand, between 107 and 138 days in the dry season. But the later caught up in development with those that formed earlier. Moths emerged from mid-October until mid-May. Longevity of adultAnaphe pandamoths took between 4 and 6 days, but generally females seemed to live longer than males. The moth also seems to have higher lifespan in the indigenous forest compared to the mixed indigenous forest.

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick ixodes pilosus under laboratory conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rechav
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
The Mean

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick Ixodes pilosus were studied under laboratory conditions. The preoviposition period was 7,2 ± 0,6 d. Maximum egg production was on Day 4 after oviposition commenced, with total egg production of 2 395 ± 128,7 eggs per female. The mean feeding time of larvae was 3,3 ± 0,1 d. The life cycle could not be completed due to the specific requirements of this species.

Distribution, biology and ecology of Dentichasmias busseolae Heinr. (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a pupal parasite of graminaceous stem-borers (Lep., Pyralidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mohyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Sesamia Calamistis ◽  
Eldana Saccharina ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Pupal Parasite ◽  
Dentichasmias Busseolae ◽  
Ethiopian Region

Dentichasmias busseolae Heinr., an important pupal parasite of Pyralid graminaceous stem-borers in East Africa, is widely distributed in the Ethiopian Region but is more abundant in areas with an equatorial humid climate. In the laboratory adults mated immediately after emergence and started oviposition the same day. The female oviposits only in a borer pupa without a cocoon in a stem, and oviposition is stimulated by the presence of the frass of Chilo partellus (Swinh.) larvae. D. busseolae does not attack Busseola fusca (Fuller), Sesamia calamistis Hmps. or Eldana saccharina Wlk. in the field but these were accepted for oviposition when exposed in C. partellus pupation tunnels or with frass of C. partellus larvae, and were suitable for development. D. busseolae could complete its development in one- to eight-day-old C. partellus pupae when the pupal period of C. partellus was 10·5 days. The life-cycle was completed in 15–19 days at a mean temperature of 25°C, but could not be completed at a constant temperature of 30°C; temperatures fluctuating between 22°C and 30°C were not detrimental. At Namulonge (Uganda) percentage parasitism showed a positive correlation with rainfall, with a lag of about a month.

Surface Characteristics of Observed Cold Pools

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 4839-4849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Engerer ◽  
David J. Stensrud ◽  
Michael C. Coniglio
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Cold Pool ◽  
Convective System ◽  
Cold Pools ◽  
Equivalent Potential ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Cold pools are a key element in the organization of precipitating convective systems, yet knowledge of their typical surface characteristics is largely anecdotal. To help to alleviate this situation, cold pools from 39 mesoscale convective system (MCS) events are sampled using Oklahoma Mesonet surface observations. In total, 1389 time series of surface observations are used to determine typical rises in surface pressure and decreases in temperature, potential temperature, and equivalent potential temperature associated with the cold pool, and the maximum wind speeds in the cold pool. The data are separated into one of four convective system life cycle stages: first storms, MCS initiation, mature MCS, and MCS dissipation. Results indicate that the mean surface pressure rises associated with cold pools increase from 3.2 hPa for the first storms’ life cycle stage to 4.5 hPa for the mature MCS stage before dropping to 3.3 hPa for the dissipation stage. In contrast, the mean temperature (potential temperature) deficits associated with cold pools decrease from 9.5 (9.8) to 5.4 K (5.6 K) from the first storms to the dissipation stage, with a decrease of approximately 1 K associated with each advance in the life cycle stage. However, the daytime and early evening observations show mean temperature deficits over 11 K. A comparison of these observed cold pool characteristics with results from idealized numerical simulations of MCSs suggests that observed cold pools likely are stronger than those found in model simulations, particularly when ice processes are neglected in the microphysics parameterization. The mean deficits in equivalent potential temperature also decrease with the MCS life cycle stage, starting at 21.6 K for first storms and dropping to 13.9 K for dissipation. Mean wind gusts are above 15 m s−1 for all life cycle stages. These results should help numerical modelers to determine whether the cold pools in high-resolution models are in reasonable agreement with the observed characteristics found herein. Thunderstorm simulations and forecasts with thin model layers near the surface are also needed to obtain better representations of cold pool surface characteristics that can be compared with observations.

Biology and management of guava bark eating caterpillar(Indarbela tetraonis Moore)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Satyanarayana ◽  
K. T. Arunakumara
Keyword(s):  
Larval Duration ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Wing Span

An experiment on the biology of guava bark eating caterpillar (Indarbela tetraonis Moore) was conducted during 2012-13 at College of Horticulture, Bidar. Eggs were 0.67 to 0.73 mm long and 0.42 to 0.46 mm wide and they hatched in 7 to 11 days. Full grown larvae were 37 to 43 mm long and 6 to 8 mm wide. Larval duration was 274 to 298 days. Pupae were 11 to 15 mm long and 4 to 6 mm wide and the pupal period was 21 to 26 days. Male adult had wing span of 11 to 13 mm length and width of 20 to 24 mm. Female adult had wing span of 12 to 14 mm and width of 25 to 27 mm, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC registered 100 percent control of the pest and highest yield of 24.85 t/ha and 25.00 t/ha during 2013 and 2014, respectively

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