scholarly journals Individualism and attitudes towards reporting corruption: evidence from post-communist economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chiara Amini ◽  
Elodie Douarin ◽  
Tim Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Individualistic values are often presented as promoting economic development; however, their links to relevant behaviour and preferences at the micro-level remain under-explored. Here we investigate the relationship between individualistic values and personal attitudes towards reporting corruption. Unlike much of the previous research which focuses on attitudes towards corruption, we analyse the micro-level mechanisms relating to one's willingness to escape the status quo and act against corruption. We also focus on a region associated with persistently high levels of perceived corruption. Our findings indicate that individualism is associated with a greater likelihood to act against corruption. The effect estimated is small but highly significant and robust to changes in estimators and specifications. We also find evidence that institutional trust and individualism strengthen each other to generate greater willingness to report corruption.

scholarly journals Individualistic values, institutional trust, and interventionist attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS PITLIK ◽  
MARTIN RODE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
Economic Individualism ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA popular explanation for economic development is that ‘individualistic values’ provide a mind-set that is favorable to the creation of growth-promoting institutions. The present paper investigates the relationship between individualistic values and personal attitudes toward government intervention. We consider two key components of an individualistic culture to be particularly relevant for attitude formation: self-direction (‘social’ individualism) and self-determination (‘economic’ individualism). Results indicate that both are negatively associated with interventionist attitudes. Effects of self-direction are much weaker though, than self-determination. Moreover, the effects of self-direction are mitigated through higher trust in the state and lower confidence in companies, while that is not the case for self-determination values. We conclude that especially economic individualism supports attitudes conducive to the formation of formal market-friendly institutions.

State contestations in constructions of 1Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Mary Varghese ◽  
Kamila Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Public ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge about the relationship between political discourse and national identity. 1Malaysia, introduced in 2009 by Malaysia’s then newly appointed 6th Prime Minister Najib Razak, was greeted with expectation and concern by various segments of the Malaysian population. For some, it signalled a new inclusiveness that was to change the discourse on belonging. For others, it raised concerns about changes to the status quo of ethnic issues. Given the varying responses of society to the concept of 1Malaysia, an examination of different texts through the critical paradigm of CDA provide useful insights into how the public sphere has attempted to construct this notion. Therefore, this paper critically examines the Prime Minister’s early speeches as well as relevant chapters of the socioeconomic agenda, the 10th Malaysia Plan, to identify the referential and predicational strategies employed in characterising 1Malaysia. The findings suggest a notion of unity that appears to address varying issues.

Social Capital and Micro-Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-156
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Social capital has been proven in many studies to correlate with economic development and increment in standards of living in a collective manner. This chapter presents a brief description regarding social capital and micro-enterprises that narrowly focuses on the relationship between social capital theory and entrepreneurship. The chapter further portrays the varied dimensions of social capital followed by the status of social capital from the Malaysian perspective. Finally, the chapter ends with a discussion on the effect of social capital on competitive advantage, which has been presumed to be the most important aspect for micro-enterprises.

Minimum wages and inequality in Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 573-595
Author(s):  
Alice Krozer ◽  
Stefanie Garry ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on minimum wages in Mexico has focused largely on their impact on poverty, and poverty reduction, while their relationship with inequality has not been fully explored. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the status and dynamics of the minimum wage in Mexico and its relation with income inequality from a Latin American comparative perspective. In this context, we are mostly interested in juxtaposing the Mexican experience with the cases of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, as three countries of roughly comparable economic development in the region pursuing labour policies diametrically opposing those of Mexico. In light of this Mexican exceptionality, we analyse the relationship between minimum wages and inequality in the country, and what Mexico could learn from the diverging experience of the other countries, with the aim of providing some recommendations to policymakers.

Understanding Dynamic Transactions Between Personality Traits and Partner Relationships

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Christine Finn ◽  
Birk Hagemeyer ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
The Status ◽  
Partner Relationships ◽  
The One ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
The Relationship

When examining the associations between personality traits and partner relationships, the majority of studies have focused on the one-way effects of personality traits on the quality and stability of relationships. Recent work, however, has shown that relationships likewise retroact on personality traits and their development. Apart from these mutual influences, recent studies have also emphasized the necessity of considering both members of a couple in order to understand how their personalities and perceptions of the relationship interact. We review the status quo of research on personality-relationship transactions and outline suggestions for future research that move the focus from predicting the interplay between the two domains to explaining how personality traits and partner relationships dynamically interact. Specifically, we propose the need for (a) a functional perspective on personality traits, (b) a differentiated view of behavior, and (c) acknowledgment of the dynamic nature of traits and relationships in appropriate analysis models.

Government Legitimacy and Religion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
Theological Differences ◽  
Infinite Variety ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the predictions of Marxists and secularization theorists alike, the relationship between religion and government legitimacy is mixed. Religion, in its various forms, can serve to promote regimes of virtually any type—democratic or otherwise—and can just as easily undermine such regimes. Observers hoping for a one-size-fits-all account of the link between religion and legitimacy will surely be disappointed; the reality is far more complicated. Religion, encompassing a nearly infinite variety of beliefs, behaviors, and actors, exercises a diverse set of influences on its political context. For regimes, this diversity can be either helpful or dangerous. Religion is neither inherently pro-status quo nor revolutionary; it can be either one depending on the context. Likewise, religion is neither necessarily pro- nor anti-democratic. Political and theological conditions influence the ways in which religion interacts with politics, and in particular, the role it plays in building or undermining legitimacy. Twenty-first-century research highlights the Janus-faced relationship between religion and political legitimacy. In some settings, religion has been the foundation of non-democratic rule. In others, it has been a crucial catalyst for unseating dictators in favor of democratic alternatives. Theological differences can only explain part of this variation. The same religious tradition may serve as a defense of authoritarianism in one instance but a spark for democracy in another. Political factors play a key role in explaining why religion sometimes supports the status quo but in other instances may fuel revolutionary fervor.

Study on Environmental Tax

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Huifeng Li ◽  
Xuanwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Status

Since the industrial age, along with the promotion of economic development, problems of ecological destruction and environmental pollution are becoming more serious. To solve this problem, the implementation of environmental tax is an effective measure. Based on the analysis of the theoretical foundation of environmental taxes, international practice and experience in environmental tax system, in this paper, the authors describe the status quo of China’s environmental tax system, and frames the further step strategy in building China’s environmental tax system.

scholarly journals Can Jobs Programs Build Peace?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Brück ◽  
Neil T N Ferguson ◽  
Valeria Izzi ◽  
Wolfgang Stojetz
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Employment Programs ◽  
Theories Of Change ◽  
Do So ◽  
Peace Programs

Abstract In the last decade, well over $10 billion has been spent on employment programs designed to contribute to peace and stability. Despite the outlay, whether these programs perform, and how they do so, remain open questions. This study conducts three reviews to derive the status quo of knowledge. First, it draws on academic literature on the microfoundations of instability to distill testable theories of how employment programs could affect stability at the micro level. Second, it analyses academic and grey literature that directly evaluates the impacts of employment programs on peace-related outcomes. Third, it conducts a systematic review of program-based learning from over 400 interventions. This study finds good theoretical reasons to believe that employment programs could contribute to peace. However, only very limited evidence exists on overall impacts on peace or on the pathways underlying the theories of change. At the program level, the review finds strong evidence that contributions to peace and stability are often simply assumed to have occurred. This provides a major challenge for the justification of continued spending on jobs for peace programs. Instead, systematic and rigorous learning on the impacts of jobs for peace programs needs to be scaled up urgently.

The Inheriting and Development of Tradition - Analysis of Wang Shu’s Award Receipt and more Architectural Engineering Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Bin Quan Zhang ◽  
Yong Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
City Construction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

City construction is beset with severe problems like homogenization, exotic style copy, barbaric development and short-lived buildings, jeopardizing the traditional culture as well as natural environment. Faced with the status quo, it is not feasible to protect the environment at the cost of social and economic development. City construction thus faces extruding problems. The solution of such problems calls for all-dimensional discussion. The practice of Mr. Wang Shu leads the way.

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