Application of a mechanistic model of methanogenesis in the lactating dairy cow. The fate of hydrogen during fermentation and strategies to mitigate methane emissions

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
J A N Mills ◽  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
A. Bannink ◽  
E. Kebreab ◽  
S.B. Cammell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Dietary intervention to reduce methane emissions from lactating dairy cattle is both environmentally and nutritionally desirable due to the importance of methane as a causative agent in global warming and as a significant loss of feed energy. This investigation involved the development of a dynamic mechanistic model of whole rumen function (Dijkstra et al. 1992), with the objective to simulate whole-animal methane emissions for a range of dietary inputs.

Superovulation and non-surgical embryo recovery in the lactating dairy cow

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brand ◽  
A. O. Trounson ◽  
M. H. Aarts ◽  
M. Drost ◽  
D. Zaayer
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

ABSTRACTA simple non-surgical technique was used to recover embryos from lactating dairy cattle, given 3000 IU PMSG to induce superovulation and the results obtained were compared with the ovulation rate and recovery of embryos from slaughtered cows.In the slaughtered cows, which were treated late in lactation, mean ovulation rate was only 8·3 ± 1·24 or 9·8 ± 1·26 excluding cows that failed to ovulate. A mean of 6·1 ± 0·63 eggs was recovered but only 4·2 ± 0·63 were normally developed embryos. In the cows treated in mid-lactation for non-surgical embryo recovery, 25/92 had fewer than three ovulations. A mean of 3·5 ± 0·45 eggs was obtained non-surgically from 58 cows that were flushed, and 3·1 ± 0·44 were normal embryos. The estimated recovery rate of normal embryos non-surgically was 38 % of those ovulated compared with 43 % from slaughtered animals.It appears that the lactating dairy cow has a rather low ovulatory response to PMSG but by the repeated use of the non-surgical embryo recovery method described, sufficient numbers of embryos may be obtained on a yearly basis to justify the use of the procedure for the improvement and dissemination of dairy breeds.

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

Application of a dynamic mechanistic model of small intestinal starch digestion in the dairy cow

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
J. A. N. Mills ◽  
E. Kebreab ◽  
L. A. Crompton ◽  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
Small Intestinal

The high contribution of postruminal starch digestion (>50%) to total tract starch digestion on certain energy dense diets (Mills et al. 1999) demands that limitations to small intestinal starch digestion are identified. Therefore, a dynamic mechanistic model of the small intestine was constructed and evaluated against published experimental data for abomasal carbohydrate infusions in the dairy cow. The mechanistic structure of the model allowed the current biological knowledge to be integrated into a system capable of identifying restrictions to dietary energy recovery from postruminal starch delivery.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasca Kegiatan Ajudikasi di Desa Sumogawe Kecamatan Getasan Kabupaten Semarang

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Agung Dini Riyadi ◽  
Nazir Salim ◽  
Mujiati Mujiati
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Abstract: Semarang Regency Land Office implemented community empowerment after asset legalization activities in 2009 in Sumogawe Village, namely by providing access to reforms aimed at increasing the potential of community businesses in Sumogawe Village to improve welfare. The purpose of this research is to find out the form of participation of the Semarang Regency Land Office, and the level of welfare after community empowerment in Sumogawe Village. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, that is by describing as clearly as possible the implementation of community empowerment as an effort to improve the welfare of post-adjudication activities. Data is collected through observation, study of document, and interviews with people of the community. The results of this research are 1) the form of community empowerment in Sumogawe Village after the adjudication activity by providing access to capital to develop the dairy cattle dairy business, 2) the role of Semarang Regency Land Office, by mass land treaties, assisting access to business capital from banks, counseling and mentoring of dairy cattle businesses, and marketing of dairy cow products, 3) The enhancement welfare of Sumogawe Village community is marked by the increase of people's income from the business sector of dairy cow milk.Keyword: community welfare, community empowerment, agrarian reform, access reform. Intisari: Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Semarang melaksanakan pemberdayaan masyarakat pasca kegiatan legalisasi aset tahun 2009 di Desa Sumogawe yaitu dengan memberikan akses reform yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi usaha masyarakat yang ada di Desa Sumogawe sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk peran serta Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Semarang, serta tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat pasca kegiatan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Sumogawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu dengan menggambarkan sejelas-jelasnya pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat sebagai upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan pasca kegiatan ajudikasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, studi dokumen, dan wawancara dengan narasumber. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu 1) bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat yang ada di Desa Sumogawe pasca kegiatan ajudikasi yaitu dengan memberikan akses modal untuk mengembangkan usaha ternak susu sapi perah, 2) peran Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Semarang yaitu dengan pensertipikatan tanah massal, membantu akses modal usaha dari perbankan, penyuluhan dan pendampingan usaha ternak susu sapi perah, dan pemasaran produk olahan susu sapi perah, 3) meningkatnya kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Sumogawe yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat dari sektor usaha susu sapi perah.Kata Kunci: kesejahteraan masyarakat, pemberdayaan masyarakat, reforma agraria, akses reform.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from Dairy Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish A. Sawant ◽  
Narasimha V. Hegde ◽  
Beth A. Straley ◽  
Sarah C. Donaldson ◽  
Brenda C. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. Gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) to 14% (tetracycline) of total gram-negative enteric microflora. Nine bacterial species were isolated, of which Escherichia coli (87%) was the most predominant species. MICs showing reduced susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were observed in E. coli isolates. Isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (48%), ceftiofur (11%), chloramphenicol (20%), florfenicol (78%), spectinomycin (18%), and tetracycline (93%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 to 6 antimicrobials) was seen in 40% of E. coli isolates from healthy lactating cattle. Of 113 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 93% of isolates, while the remaining 7% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. DNA-DNA hybridization assays revealed that tet determinants were located on the chromosome. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates (n = 99 isolates) belonged to 60 subtypes, which is suggestive of a highly diverse population of tetracycline-resistant organisms. On most occasions, E. coli subtypes, although shared between cows within the herd, were confined mostly to a dairy herd. The findings of this study suggest that commensal enteric E. coli from healthy lactating cattle can be an important reservoir for tetracycline and perhaps other antimicrobial resistance determinants.

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