Comparison of sheep rumen liquor and Rusitec fluid as inoculum for determining the in vitro digestibility of hays

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
M.L. Tejido ◽  
M.J. Ranilla ◽  
M.D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
Practical Disadvantage

One practical disadvantage of some in vitro methods used to estimate the in vivo digestibility of forages is the need for fistulated donor ruminants to provide the rumen liquor. These are subject to restrictive legislation in many countries and are costly to prepare and maintain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rumen liquor in the in vitro digestibility technique of Van Soest et al. (1966) could be replaced by microorganisms derived from Rusitec. This technique involves the incubation of samples with buffered rumen fluid for 48 h followed by an extraction with a neutral-detergent solution.

Repeatability of in vitro digestibility assays of forages when using fresh, frozen or freeze-dried cow faeces instead of sheep rumen liquor as sources of micro-organisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 110-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akhter ◽  
E Owen ◽  
M K Theodorou ◽  
S L Tembo ◽  
E R Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Micro Organisms

Previous studies (El Shaer, Omed and Axford, 1987; Akhter, Owen, Fall, O'Donovan and Theodorou, 1994) with the two-stage in vitro procedure of Tilley and Terry (1963) have shown a high correlation between digestibilities of forages as determined using either sheep rumen liquor, sheep faeces or cow faeces as the microbial inoculum. In the first study of the of the present investigation one objective was to examine the repeatability of these digestibility measurements when made on different occasions. A second objective was to assess whether the correlations between faecal and rumen fluid based inocula could be improved if microorganisms were obtained from pairs rather than individual animals. The objective in the second study using forages of known in vivo digestibility, was to investigate the effect of freezing or freeze-drying of faeces on the repeatability of digestibilities of forages determined in vitro using micro-organisms from cow faeces.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

scholarly journals Estimation of the degradability of dietary protein in the sheep rumen by in vivo and in vitro procedures

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C Siddons ◽  
J Paradine ◽  
D. L. Gale ◽  
R. T. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

1. Estimates of degradability of nitrogen in the sheep rumen for a basal hay diet and for soya-bean meal (SBM), groundnut meal (GNM) and fish meal (FM), when given together with the hay, were determined from measurements of (1) duodenal N flow, (2) ammonia kinetics and (3) rumen N disappearance from polyester bags and rumen outflow rate. The ability of various in vitro procedures to predict in vivo N degradability was also examined.2. Four sheep were given a basal hay diet (800 g dry matter (DM) and 19 g N/d) either alone or supplemented with isonitrogenous amounts (15 g N/d) of SBM, GNM or FM. Duodenal non-ammonia-N flow (g/d) was increased more by FM (8.0) than by GNM (5.9) and SBM (5.8), whilst microbial N flow (g/d) was increased more by SBM (3.9) than by GNM (2.3) and FM (1.6). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.88, 0.76 and 0.57 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively. The corresponding value for hay was calculated to be 0.76.3. The irreversible loss of ammonia in the forestomachs (g N/d) was increased more by SBM (11.9) than by GNM (7.2) and FM (5.8) whilst ammonia outflow from the rumen (g N/d) was increased to a similar extent by all supplements ( I.1, 0.9 and 0.8 respectively), as was the amount of microbial N (g/d) synthesized from sources other than rumen ammonia (1.8, 2.0 and 1.9 respectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.84, 0.54 and 0.45 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively.4. The fractional rate of N disappearance (/h) when the feedstuffs were incubated in polyester bags in the rumen of sheep receiving the basal hay diet (800 g DM/d) was the highest for SBM (0,145) and lowest for FM (0.037), with the hay (0.082) and GNM (0.071) intermediate, whilst the fractional outflow rates from the rumen (/h) of the three supplements were similar (0.034, 0.038 and 0,030 for SBM, GNM and FM espectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.82, 0.67 and 0.60 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively; the value for the hay was 0.73.5. Of a number of in vitro procedures tested, only N solubility in sodium hydroxide and ammonia or total non-protein-N (NPN) production during incubation with rumen fluid in the absence of hydrazine sulphate ranked the supplements, although not the hay, in the same order as the in vivo degradability procedures. In terms of absolute values, N solubility in NaOH, at room temperature, gave estimates similar to those derived from the duodenal flow measurements; estimates derived from ammonia and total NPN production were lower.

Influence of saponins and sapogenins on the bacteriolytic activity of ciliate protozoa from the sheep rumen

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
B. Teferedegne ◽  
P.O. Osuji ◽  
A. Odenyo ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Leguminous Tree ◽  
Bacteriolytic Activity ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Foliage from the tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, is toxic to rumen protozoa in vitro, due to materials present in a saponins-containing extract of the foliage (Newbold et al. 1997). Suppression of protozoal numbers in vivo when S. sesban is added to the diet is either transient or non-existent, however, even though washed protozoa remain sensitive to S. sesban in vitro (Newbold et al. 1997, Odenyo et al. 1997). A possible reason is that saponins are metabolised in rumen fluid (Makkar and Becker 1997). The aims of this study were to determine if the antiprotozoal effect of different accessions of S. sesban was related to their saponins composition, and if conversion of saponins to their sapogenin derivatives was a possible cause of the loss of the antiprotozoal effect in vivo.

Influence of saponins and sapogenins on the bacteriolytic activity of ciliate protozoa from the sheep rumen

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
B. Teferedegne ◽  
P.O. Osuji ◽  
A. Odenyo ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Leguminous Tree ◽  
Bacteriolytic Activity ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Foliage from the tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, is toxic to rumen protozoa in vitro, due to materials present in a saponins-containing extract of the foliage (Newbold et al. 1997). Suppression of protozoal numbers in vivo when S. sesban is added to the diet is either transient or non-existent, however, even though washed protozoa remain sensitive to S. sesban in vitro (Newbold et al. 1997, Odenyo et al. 1997). A possible reason is that saponins are metabolised in rumen fluid (Makkar and Becker 1997). The aims of this study were to determine if the antiprotozoal effect of different accessions of S. sesban was related to their saponins composition, and if conversion of saponins to their sapogenin derivatives was a possible cause of the loss of the antiprotozoal effect in vivo.

scholarly journals Nutritional assessment of waste of cassava starch extraction dried in cattle feed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
Tatiane Fernandes ◽  
Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽  
Rodrigo Cezar dos Reis Tinini ◽  
Eduardo Augusto da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cattle Feed

This study aimed to evaluate the digestive power of waste of cassava starch extraction dried (WCSEd) and corn, in addition to determining the appropriate level of WCSEd to replace corn in the diet of cattle. Studies to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and in situ degradability were performed. The study used four cattle with rumen cannula, individually fed with diets containing increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of WCSEd to replace corn, to evaluate the dry matter and nutrient intake and digestibility, pH and ammonia concentration of rumen fluid. The WCSEd showed differences in the in vitro digestibility of DM, OM and NDF (P < 0.05) compared to corn, but did not change the NDT and in situ degradability. As for in vivo reviews, the DM and nutrient intake was influenced by treatments in decreasing order, resulting in changes in the digestibility of DM, OM and NDT of diet, and a decreased concentration of N-NH3, but the pH was not affected. The residue from the extraction of cassava starch showed lower in vitro digestibility; however, ruminal degradability did not differ from corn. Their use in ruminant feed reduces the intake and degradation of feed, but improves the use of N-NH3 in the rumen.

Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the ovine rumen. III. The competitive relationship between Heliotrine metabolism and methanogenesis in the rumen fluid in vitro

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Lanigan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Effective Prophylaxis ◽  
Heliotropium Europaeum ◽  
Sheep Rumen

Inclusion of up to 80% hydrogen in the gas phase markedly stimulated the in vitro metabolism of heliotrine in sheep rumen fluid. The maximal rate of heliotrine breakdown under these conditions was twice that obtained when cyanocobalamin was added and 10 times the rate in unsupplemented rumen fluid. A maximal rate of heliotrine metabolism equal to that in the presence of 80% hydrogen gas could be obtained with a pure carbon dioxide atmosphere if certain inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria were added to the rumen fluid. It is concluded that the heliotrine-metabolizing bacteria are normally at a disadvantage in competition with the methanogenic bacteria for metabolic hydrogen, and that inhibition of the latter organisms in vivo could provide a basis for development of effective prophylaxis in sheep at risk with Heliotropium europaeum in the field.

A comparison of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy with three in vitro digestibility methods to predict digestibility in vivo in cereal straws

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 49-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D I Givens ◽  
Jeannie M Everington ◽  
C K Baker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Infra Red

There have been many attempts to use the measurement of cell wall fractions to predict the digestibility in vivo of untreated and alkali treated straws (see far example Sundstøl et al, 1978; Reid and Ørskov, 1987). All these attempts have shown this approach to have very low predictive ability for straws. Accordingly extensive use has been made of digestibility measurements in vitro using either rumen fluid (eg Sundstøl et al, 1978) or cellulase type enzymes (eg Jewell et al, 1986).Whilst in vitro methods appear to be useful predictors of digestibility in straws, they are slow and relatively expensive. The work reported here has compared their predictive power with that of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIR).A total of 123 cereal straws were used. These included 54 wheat, 43 barley and 4 oat straws all untreated and the 9 wheat, 9 barley and 4 oat straws oven-treated with ammonia previously described by Mason et al (1988).

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽  
Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

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