scholarly journals Who gets targeted for vote-buying? Evidence from an augmented list experiment in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alı Çarkoğlu ◽  
S. Erdem Aytaç
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
List Experiment

Understanding the dynamics of vote-buying is essential for improving accountability in elections in developing democracies. While list experiments are useful for attenuating social desirability bias associated with measuring vote-buying, they are not conducive to multivariate analyses, and the question of what types of individuals are targeted is left inadequately explored. We overcome this limitation by combining a population-based list experiment with an estimator (LISTIT) that allows for multivariate analyses in an efficient manner. Our analysis suggests that in the 2011 parliamentary elections in Turkey over one-third of the electorate was targeted for vote-buying, which is more than double the proportion willing to admit when asked directly. Additionally, we find that strong partisans of the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi), less-educated individuals, and urban residents are significantly more likely to be targeted for vote-buying. We present compelling evidence for the hypotheses that parties target their core supporters and socio-economically vulnerable individuals. The strength of our evidence derives from the use of original data on vote-buying that has been collected in an unobtrusive manner and analyzed at the level of individuals.

VOTE TRAFFICKING IN LEBANON

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Corstange
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Sensitive Questions ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
List Experiment ◽  
Original Survey

AbstractVote buying and vote selling are prominent features of electoral politics in Lebanon. This article investigates how vote trafficking works in Lebanese elections and examines how electoral rules and practices contribute to wide and lively vote markets. Using original survey data from the 2009 parliamentary elections, it studies vote selling with a list experiment, a question technique designed to elicit truthful answers to sensitive questions. The data show that over half of the Lebanese sold their votes in 2009. Moreover, once we come to grips with the sensitivity of the topic, the data show that members of all sectarian communities and political alliances sold their votes at similar rates.

scholarly journals Presentation, Management, and Outcomes across the Rural-Urban Continuum for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kali Zhou ◽  
Trevor A Pickering ◽  
Christina S Gainey ◽  
Myles Cockburn ◽  
Mariana C Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Receive Treatment

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of few cancers with rising incidence and mortality in the United States. Little is known about disease presentation and outcomes across the rural-urban continuum. Methods Using the population-based SEER registry, we identified adults with incident hepatocellular carcinoma between 2000–2016. Urban, suburban and rural residence at time of cancer diagnosis were categorized by the Census Bureau’s percent of the population living in non-urban areas. We examined association between place of residence and overall survival. Secondary outcomes were late tumor stage and receipt of therapy. Results Of 83,368 cases, 75.8%, 20.4%, and 3.8% lived in urban, suburban, and rural communities, respectively. Median survival was 7 months (IQR 2–24). All stage and stage-specific survival differed by place of residence, except for distant stage. In adjusted models, rural and suburban residents had a respective 1.09-fold (95% CI = 1.04–1.14, p < .001) and 1.08-fold (95% CI = 1.05–1.10, p < .001) increased hazard of overall mortality as compared to urban residents. Furthermore, rural and suburban residents had 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.10–1.27, p < .001) and 5% (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.09, p = .003) higher odds of diagnosis at late stage and were 12% (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80–0.94, p < .001) and 8% (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.95, p < .001) less likely to receive treatment, respectively, compared to urban residents. Conclusions Residence in a suburban and rural community at time of diagnosis was independently associated with worse indicators across the cancer continuum for liver cancer. Further research is needed to elucidate the primary drivers of these rural-urban disparities.

Tax compliance and social desirability bias of taxpayers: experimental evidence from Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Endra Iraman ◽  
Yoshikuni Ono ◽  
Makoto Kakinaka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
List Experiment ◽  
Experiment Technique

Abstract Identifying taxpayers who engage in noncompliant behaviour is crucial for tax authorities to determine appropriate taxation schemes. However, because taxpayers have an incentive to conceal their true income, it is difficult for tax authorities to uncover such behaviour (social desirability bias). Our study mitigates the bias in responses to sensitive questions by employing the list experiment technique, which allows us to identify the characteristics of taxpayers who engage in tax evasion. Using a dataset obtained from a tax office in Jakarta, Indonesia, we conducted a computer-assisted telephone interviewing survey in 2019. Our results revealed that 13% of the taxpayers, old, male, corporate employees, and members of a certain ethnic group had reported lower income than their true income on their tax returns. These findings suggest that our research design can be a useful tool for understanding tax evasion and for developing effective taxation schemes that promote tax compliance.

REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF IASP – PAIN 161 (2020) 880–888: Neck pain and headache after whiplash injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ból ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Haidar Muhsen Al-Khazali ◽  
Håkan Ashina ◽  
Afrim Iljazi ◽  
Richard B. Lipton ◽  
Messoud Ashina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Clear Cut

Neck pain and headache are 2 of the most common complications of whiplash injury. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature search on PubMed and Embase for publications reporting on the prevalence of neck pain and headache after whiplash injury. The literature search identified 2709 citations of which 44 contained relevant original data. Of these, 27 studies provided data for the quantitative analysis. For non-population-based studies, the present metaanalysis showed that a pooled relative frequency of neck pain was 84% confidence interval (68–95%) and a pooled relative frequency of headache was 60% (46–73%), within 7 days after whiplash injury. At 12 months after injury, 38% (32–45%) of patients with whiplash still experienced neck pain, while 38% (18–60%) of whiplash patients reported headache at the same time interval after injury. However, we also found considerable heterogeneity among studies with I2-values ranging from 89% to 98% for the aforementioned meta-analyses. We believe that the considerable heterogeneity among studies underscores the need for clear-cut definitions of whiplash injury and standardized reporting guidelines for postwhiplash sequelae such as neck pain and headache. Future studies should seek to optimize these aspects paving the way for a better understanding of the clinical characteristics and natural course of whiplash-associated sequelae.

Candidate Matters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karleen Jones West
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
Ethnic Parties ◽  
Niche Parties ◽  
Campaigns And Elections ◽  
Party Behavior ◽  
Latin American Countries

In Candidate Matters: A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America, Karleen Jones West argues that the characteristics of individual candidates campaigning in their districts shapes party behavior. She does so through a detailed examination of the Pachakutik indigenous party in Ecuador, as well as with the analysis of public opinion in fifteen Latin American countries. Ethnic parties that are initially programmatic can become personalistic and clientelistic vehicles because vote-buying is an effective strategy in rural indigenous areas, and because candidates with strong reputations and access to resources can create winning campaigns that buy votes and capitalize on candidates’ personal appeal. When candidates’ legislative campaigns are personalistic and clientelistic in their districts, niche parties are unable to maintain unified programmatic support. By combining in-depth fieldwork on legislative campaigns in Ecuador with the statistical analysis of electoral results and public opinion, this book demonstrates how important candidates and their districts are for how niche parties compete, win, and become influential in developing democracies. In the process, the author shows that, under certain conditions, niche parties—such as ethnic parties—are not that different from their mainstream counterparts.

I Belong, Therefore, I Give? The Impact of Sense of Belonging on Graduate Student Alumni Engagement

2020 ◽  
pp. 089976402097768
Author(s):  
Noah D. Drezner ◽  
Oren Pizmony-Levy
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Alumni Giving ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Success In Higher Education ◽  
Alumni Engagement ◽  
The Impact

Although Sense of Belonging has long been an important construct in understanding student success in higher education, it has not been examined in the alumni context. In this article, we explore the association between graduate students’ Sense of Belonging and alumni engagement. We draw on an original data set ( n = 1,601) that combines administrative records on alumni giving and data from a 2017 survey. Using multivariate analyses, we show that alumni with a stronger Sense of Belonging are more likely to give to their alma mater and to hold pro-philanthropic attitudes. Furthermore, Sense of Belonging is positively associated with other forms of alumni engagement and participation, including volunteering. Our findings highlight the need to examine the link between unintentional social interactions and alumni engagement and giving.

scholarly journals Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyovani J. Madise ◽  
Abdhalah K. Ziraba ◽  
Joseph Inungu ◽  
Samoel A. Khamadi ◽  
Alex Ezeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Slum Dwellers

Are Racial and Educational Inequities in Mass Incarceration Perceived to be a Social Problem? Results from an Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew J Creighton ◽  
Kevin H Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Context ◽  
List Experiment

Abstract The disproportionate incarceration of certain groups, racial minorities, and the less educated constitutes a social problem from the perspective of both policy makers and researchers. One aspect that is poorly understood is whether the public is similarly concerned about inequities in mass incarceration. Using a list experiment embedded in a framing experiment, we test for differences in attitudes towards mass incarceration by exploring three frames: race, education, and the United States in global context. We test whether social desirability bias causes people to over-state their concern about mass incarceration when directly queried. We find that mass incarceration is seen as a problem in the United States, whether the issue is framed by race, education, or as a global outlier. The list experiment reveals that public concern about mass incarceration is not quite as great as overtly-expressed opinion would suggest, and the framing experiment indicates that race-neutral frames evoke greater concern about mass incarceration than an emphasis on racial disparities.

scholarly journals Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence in Canada: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Predictors, and Clinical Impact

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Holbrook ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Munil Lee ◽  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Michael Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background Cost-related nonadherence to medications (CRNA) is common in many countries and thought to be associated with adverse outcomes. The characteristics of CRNA in Canada, with its patchwork coverage of increasingly expensive medications, is unclear. Objectives Our objective in this systematic review was to summarize the literature evaluating CRNA in Canada in three domains: prevalence, predictors, and effect on clinical outcomes.Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from 1992 to December 2019 using search terms covering medication adherence, costs, and Canada. Eligible studies, without restriction on design, had to have original data on at least one of the three domains specifically for Canadian participants. Articles were identified and reviewed in duplicate. Risk of bias was assessed using design-specific tools.Results: Twenty-six studies of varying quality (n=483,065 Canadians) were eligible for inclusion. Sixteen studies reported on the overall prevalence of CRNA, with population-based estimates ranging from 5.1% to 10.2%. Factors predicting CRNA included high out of pocket spending, low income or financial flexibility, lack of drug insurance, younger age, and poorer health. A single randomized trial of free essential medications with free delivery in Ontario improved adherence but did not find any change in clinical outcomes at one year. Conclusion: CRNA affects many Canadians. The estimated percentage depends on the sampling frame, the main predictors tend to be financial, and its association with clinical outcomes in Canada remains unproven.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document