Responsible risk-taking in conflict-affected countries: the need for due diligence and the importance of collective approaches

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (887) ◽  
pp. 1069-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bray ◽  
Antony Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Business And Human Rights

AbstractThis article discusses some of the challenges that may be encountered by companies seeking to adhere to the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights when operating in conflict-affected countries. The authors argue that corporate respect for human rights may not be sufficient to correct or compensate for state failure and also suggest that the leverage or influence enjoyed by individual companies in relation to the conduct of security forces and host governments may be limited, particularly in times of crisis. There is therefore a need for a collective approach to human rights risks in conflict-affected countries, and this should focus on public security sector reform and good governance as well as on corporate due diligence.

Criminalizing Resistance: The Cases of Balata and Jenin Refugee Camps

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Tartir
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Building ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Building Project

The Palestinian Authority (PA) adopted donor-driven security sector reform (SSR) as the linchpin to its post-2007 state-building project. As SSR proceeded, the occupied West Bank became a securitized space and the theater for PA security campaigns whose ostensible purpose was to establish law and order. This article tackles the consequences of the PA's security campaigns in Balata and Jenin refugee camps from the people's perspective through a bottom-up ethnographic methodological approach. These voices from below problematize and examine the security campaigns, illustrating how and why resistance against Israel has been criminalized. The article concludes by arguing that conducting security reform to ensure stability within the context of colonial occupation and without addressing the imbalances of power can only ever have two outcomes: “better” collaboration with the occupying power and a violation of Palestinians' security and national rights by their own security forces.

Security Sector Reform and the Competition for Power in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Guillem Farrés-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Independent Institutions

The interest of the Lebanese elites who launched the security sector reform (SSR) process was in to regain control and influence over the security sector more than to create independent institutions respectful of human rights. At a time of deep social and political crisis, not only had these actors lost their previous influence on the security sector but also this sector had become a source of power, largely in the hands of their political opponents, and was being used against them. This case illustrates how power competition between elites can disrupt the process of SSR, or even be the very origin of the conception of SSR programs.

Security Sector Reform in authoritarian regimes: The OSCE experience of police assistance programming in Central Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Post Conflict

AbstractSecurity sector reform — including police reform — has been an important element in international programmes in many post-conflict and so-called 'fragile' states. In Central Asian states — mostly ruled by authoritarian regimes — the OSCE has been engaged in a variety of programmes to help reform the police, which have often been accused of abuses of human rights. There has been a significant police assistance programme in Kyrgyzstan, and smaller initiatives and activities have been implemented in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Most of these initiatives have failed to achieve their objectives; in certain cases they may have had a negative impact on the OSCE's credibility in the region as an organization that promotes a comprehensive view of security, including attention to human rights and civil liberties. The article suggests that external assistance to the security sector in authoritarian political systems poses particularly difficult challenges, if there is no parallel process of political democratisation. In addition, a complex relationship between state security forces and organised crime poses additional challenges to police reform programmes. The article suggests that the OSCE might usefully review its policies to improve its effectiveness in this area and to ensure that its approach remains consistent with its basic principles.

scholarly journals The role of NATO in the demilitarization of Kosovo Liberation Army and in establishment of Kosovo Protection Corps and Kosovo Security Force

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Bejtush Gashi ◽  
Dr.Sc. Dario Molnar
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Organizational Mission ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
New Situation

Kosovo Liberation Army was demilitarized and demobilized pursuant to Rambouillet accord articles and 1244 Resolution, under the control of military component of the international administration in Kosovo – Kosovo Forces (NATO). Establishment of Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC) followed this process, with the civil emergency organizational mission, which operated until the adoption of constitution of Republic of Kosovo, promulgated on June 15, 2008. The constitution foresaw KPC disbandment and creation of a new security formation in Kosovo – Kosovo Security Forces (KSF). The decree of USA president, Xhorxh W. Bush, dated 19.03.2008 indicates the political importance of KSF creation in promotion of Kosovo’s independence.The Security Sector reform will keep its special focus in periodical review programming of KSF positional development in adaptation to new situation in security environment, reflecting concrete examples through new events, missions, tasks and roles for KSF units, always compliant with the concrete needs of the country and with the Euro-Atlantic collective protection structure standards. 

Security Sector Reform and Transitional Justice after the Arab-Majority Uprisings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ashour ◽  
Sherif Mohyeldeen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
The Military

In Chapter 12, Omar Ashour and Sherif Mohyelden examine the linked demands for transitional justice and security sector reform during and after the uprisings in Egypt. They trace the targeting of security and intelligence forces during the uprising, as perpetrators of particular abuses, and the demands in the post-Mubarak period for transitional justice and specific measures of security sector reform. These were initiated in limited ways, such as through fact-finding committees, but further steps were not taken, and following the coup in 2013, the military authorities did not support reform of the sector or transitional justice. Although human rights and transitional justice bodies were established by the government, few substantive steps were taken and the prospects for reform are slim.

Al-Shabaab will entrench its gains in Somalia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type

Significance Already on the rise, al-Shabaab now also benefits from rising distraction among its domestic and international opponents, which may prolong efforts to defeat it by many years. Impacts Somali and allied forces may need to revise their overall counterterrorism strategy to account for contracting resources. Even with sustained reforms, it may take years for Somali forces to develop capacity to assume AMISOM’s security responsibilities. Recent splits within the security forces will set security sector reform efforts back significantly.

scholarly journals A deep influence: United States-Colombia bilateral relations and security sector reform (SSR), 1994-2002

OPERA ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Alberto Castrillón Riascos ◽  
René Alonso Guerra Molina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Colombian Government

The internal conflict in Colombia has propelled the development of security sector reform (SSR) programs; however, these programs have been usually linked to the influence of relations between the United States and Colombia in military and foreign policy terms. The main objective of this essay is to understand said interplay from the mid-1990’s to the early 2000’s, which marked the biggest transformations to the Colombian defense sector in human rights, doctrine, equipment, and human capital. The analysis shows that such influence allowed for the consolidation of an offensive strategy which helped the Colombian government turn the balance of the internal conflict in its favor.

MODERNIZATION OF THE MOLDOVA’S SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS

Moldoscopie ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Natalia Stercul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Security System ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
The Republic

The article analyses the national security system as an integral part of the state, which is exposed to modernization processes. The security sector reform paradigm is based on the principles of democratic control, transparency and good governance. The process of modernization of the Moldova’s security system aims to create secure environment, prevent security risks tha treats and rule of law. The last decade the Republic of Moldova in the framework of the Eastern Partnership has been working to achieve progress in security sector reform – a review of security legislation and national defense; institutional reform; consultations with EU on Common Security Defense Policy; cooperation with Europol, the European Center for Monitoring Drugs, the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO); elaboration measures in the context of reintegration process to putthe Transnistrian region in the legal field of the Republic of Moldova. The geopolitical factor has strong influence to the modernization process and reforms in the Republic of Moldova. The contradictions of geopolitical interests create additional difficulties and hinder the security sector reform.

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