Inclusive gender: Why tackling gender hierarchies cannot be at the expense of human rights and the humanitarian imperative

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (902) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Humanitarian Settings ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based

The “Debate” section of theReviewaims to contribute to the reflection on current ethical, legal or operational controversies around humanitarian issues. In its issue on “Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict” (Vol. 96, No. 894, 2014), theReviewpublished an Opinion Note by Chris Dolan entitled “Letting Go of the Gender Binary: Charting New Pathways for Humanitarian Interventions on Gender-Based Violence”, arguing for a shift in the conceptualization of gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian settings from an emphasis on gender equality to an ethos of gender inclusivity. Jeanne Ward's reply, “It's Not About the Gender Binary, It's About the Gender Hierarchy”, was published in a later issue of theReview(Vol. 98, No. 901, 2016). Ward suggested retaining a focus on women and girls in GBV work, while moving forward in partnership with those who wish to accelerate programming directed towards men and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) communities broadly. In this issue, Dolan responds to Ward's position, pointing to empirical and practical developments that have advanced the understanding of how to effectively respond to GBV, including GBV perpetrated against men, boys and members of the LGBTI community. Dolan calls for the IASC Guidelines to be revised in 2020 to be the guiding text on preventing and responding to GBV in humanitarian settings, and explores what it means to do inclusive gender while also tackling hierarchies.

It's not about the gender binary, it's about the gender hierarchy: A reply to “Letting Go of the Gender Binary”

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (901) ◽  
pp. 275-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Ward
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based

The “Debate” section of theReviewaims to contribute to the reflection on current ethical, legal, or operational controversies around humanitarian issues.In its issue on “Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict” (Vol. 96, No. 894, 2014), theReviewpublished an Opinion Note by Chris Dolan entitled “Letting Go of the Gender Binary: Charting New Pathways for Humanitarian Interventions on Gender-Based Violence”. In light of the review process for the Inter-Agency Standing Committee'sGuidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action(GBV Guidelines), Dolan argues for a shift in the conceptualization of gender-based violence (GBV)in humanitarian settings from an emphasis on gender equality to an ethos of gender inclusivity. This, he suggests, is essential to improving the situation of victims, furthering social justice and changing agendas.In this issue, theReviewpresents the view of Jeanne Ward, one of the lead authors of the revised GBV Guidelines. For Ward, attempts to shift away from a focus on gender equality in GBV programming represent a regression rather than an advancement for the GBV field, as a dedicated spotlight on the rights and needs of women and girls continues to be hard-won in humanitarian contexts. Instead, she suggests retaining a focus on women and girls in GBV work, while moving forward in partnership with those who wish to accelerate programming directed to men and LGBTI communities broadly.

Letting go of the gender binary: Charting new pathways for humanitarian interventions on gender-based violence

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (894) ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based

Increasing acknowledgement in some quarters that women and girls are not the only victims of sexual violence, and that sexual violence is not the only form of gender-based violence (GBV), has yet to be adequately reflected in policy and practice in the humanitarian world.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors for GBV among women and girls living in humanitarian setting: systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Murphy ◽  
Mary Ellsberg ◽  
Aminat Balogun ◽  
Claudia Garcia-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Humanitarian Settings ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and humanitarian crisis. This systematic review seeks to provide an overview of existing research on risk and protective factors associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in conflict and humanitarian settings. Methods Studies will be searched from the following databases: PubMed (Medline); PsycINFO; Scopus; Global Health; and Cochrane Center trials registrar. In addition, targeted searches of the internet repositories for GBV will be conducted. We will include studies that are published between January 1995 and December 2020 and document risk or protective factors for gender-based violence against women and girls in conflict or humanitarian settings. Two reviewers will independently screen and extract data for the review, with a third reviewer arbitrating disputes and ensuring quality. A quality assessment of the included studies will be undertaken using a modified GRADE system. Narrative synthesis will be utilized to analyze the data. Discussion The results of this study will inform the design and delivery of GBV prevention programs in conflict and humanitarian settings as well as contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 5. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be utilized at the World Health Organization to inform efforts to prevent GBV in conflict and humanitarian settings. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered with PROSEPERO (CRD42020198695).

scholarly journals Gender-based violence and infectious disease in humanitarian settings: lessons learned from Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 to inform syndemic policy making

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Meinhart ◽  
Luissa Vahedi ◽  
Simone E. Carter ◽  
Catherine Poulton ◽  
Philomene Mwanze Palaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Humanitarian Settings ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background The impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics are not gender neutral. Instead, infectious diseases and gender-based violence (GBV) mutually reinforce each other. Women and girls in humanitarian settings are disproportionately impacted as crises exacerbate gender inequality, violence, and community transmission. A syndemic model of infectious disease and GBV draws attention to their critical linkage, enabling more effective approaches to address both infectious disease transmission and GBV prevalence. Main body Implementation of infectious disease control measures have been consistently absent of critical gender considerations in humanitarian settings. We drew learnings from Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 to highlight how women and girls living in humanitarian settings have faced bi-directional syndemic vulnerabilities between GBV and infectious disease. Our findings indicate that Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 exacerbated GBV risk and experience of GBV increased community transmission of these infectious diseases. Moreover, we identified a failure of existing policies to address this mutually deleterious linkage. Thus, we advocate for policymakers to ask three foundational questions: (i) What are the gendered bi-directional risk pathways between infectious disease and GBV?; (ii) How can we act on the gendered risk pathways?; and, (iii) Who should be involved in designing, implementing, and evaluating gender-sensitive policies? Conclusion Our syndemic policy framework challenges existing thinking on a neglected issue that disproportionally impacts women and girls. By offering foundational guidance to address and thwart the syndemic of infectious disease and GBV in humanitarian settings, we endeavor to proactively and holistically address the reinforcing linkage between GBV and current or emergent infectious diseases.

Digital technologies and the violent surveillance of nonbinary gender

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jama Shelton ◽  
Kel Kroehle ◽  
Emilie K. Clark ◽  
Kristie Seelman ◽  
SJ Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Predictive Policing ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Control

The enforcement of the gender binary is a root cause of gender-based violence (GBV) for trans people. Disrupting GBV requires that we ensure that ‘gender’ is not presumed synonymous with White cisgender womanhood. Transfeminists suggest that attaining gender equity requires confronting all forms of oppression that police people and their bodies, including White supremacy, colonialism and capitalism (Silva and Ornat, 2016; Simpkins, 2016). Part of this project, we argue, includes confronting the structures of GBV embedded within digital technologies that are increasingly part of our everyday lives. Informed by transfeminist theory (Koyama, 2003; Stryker and Bettcher, 2016; Simpkins, 2016; Weerawardhana, 2018), we interrogate the ways in which digital technologies naturalise and reinforce GBV against bodies marked as divergent. We examine the subtler ways that digital technology can fortify binary gender as a mechanism of power and control. We highlight how gendered forms of data violence cannot be disentangled from digital technologies that surveil, police or punish on the basis of race, nationhood and citizenship, particularly in relation to predictive policing practices. We conclude with recommendations to guide technological development to reduce the violence enacted upon trans people and those whose gender presentations transgress society’s normative criteria for what constitutes a compliant (read: appropriately gendered) citizen.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Violence against trans people is inherently gender-based.</li><br /><li>A root cause of gender-based violence against trans people is the strict reinforcement of the gender binary.</li><br /><li>Digital technology and predictive policing can fortify binary gender as a mechanism of power and control.</li><br /><li>Designers of digital technologies and the policymakers regulating surveillance capitalism must interrogate the ways in which their work upholds the gender binary and gender-based violence against trans people.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Opinion Review of Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-2019 on Women's Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victory U. Salami ◽  
Stanley I. R. Okoduwa ◽  
Aimee O. Chris ◽  
Susannah I. Ayilara ◽  
Ugochi J. Okoduwa
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based

The global battle to survive the onslaughts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 and continues today. Women and girls have borne the brunt of the hardship resulting from the health crises. This paper examined the effects of COVID-19 on women. Socioeconomic factors resulting from the pandemic, especially in relation to women's health, were discussed after studying published articles. They include gender specificity and COVID-19, the economic toll of COVID-19 on women, pregnancy and COVID-19, gender-based violence due to COVID-19, and health-care impacts of COVID-19. Making up the majority in the healthcare workforce, women were at higher risk of infection with COVID-19 due to their exposure as caregivers to infected patients. The pandemic took its toll on them as part of the greater population in the informal sector of the economy due to the lockdown directive, as many experienced severe monetary shortages and job losses. Pregnant women infected with COVID-19 were prone to severe diseases, maternal complications, and death due to their weakened immunity and exposure during clinical procedures. Gender-based violence was observed to have increased across the globe for women. The results of this review strongly indicate that women are disproportionately affected by the ongoing COVID-19 health crisis. This review will help health-care professionals and policymakers arrive at properly-thought-through decisions to better manage health crises. Governments and all key players should address the challenge by devising effective policies with a gendered view.

scholarly journals THE SOLVING OF PREVENTION AND OPPOSITION PROBLEM OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL WORK

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Olha Hurenko ◽  
Nataliia Matseiko
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender System ◽  
Egalitarian Attitudes

The concept of «gender-based violence» essence, which recognized as an extreme manifestation of the individual rights and freedoms violation and as reproduction mechanism of society gender system, which based on uneven powerful relationships between women and men in the society and characterized by the egalitarian attitudes absence has been revealed in the article. Manifestation features of the phenomena and their varieties have been outlined. The fundamental difference between the concepts «gender-based violence», «domestic violence» has been defined. The Ukraine state social politics of gender-based violence prevention and opposition based on international and national legal framework has been analyzed. The current information about trends of this negative phenomenon spread within the country, including considering the consequences of the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine has been listed.  Problems and prospects of the struggle with gender-based violence in Ukraine in the context of social work have been defined. And priority among which are improvement of reaction measures at the stages of violence facts detection and further support to the victim or the offender; setting-up systematic correctional work with perpetrators of violence or with perpetrators belonging to a risk group for its commission, the interdepartmental interaction of subjects of prevention and opposition this phenomenon; activating the system of preventive influences to the younger generation's consciousness and society in general to the direction of tolerance, mutual respect, opposit to gender role attitudes and stereotypes.

scholarly journals A Feminist Future for the Pacific

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Cliffe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The COVID–19 pandemic continues to devastate the lives and wellbeing of millions of people around the world; women and girls, people with disabilities, youth, older people, and sexual and gender minorities are most at risk of ‘being left behind’. While confirmed cases of COVID–19 are low in the Pacific compared with other regions, the threat of the virus remains and the wider social and economic impacts are already evident. Pacific Island countries grappling with pervasive inequality, sustainable development challenges and climate change now must consider their response to the COVID–19 pandemic. This paper envisions an inclusive and transformative feminist response focused on four key outcomes: preserving access to healthcare and essential services; promoting women’s economic empowerment; protecting women and girls from gender–based violence; and supporting vulnerable and marginalised groups to express their voice and claim their rights amid the pandemic.

scholarly journals “Or any other similar criteria”: Towards advancing the protection of LGBTQI detainees against discrimination and sexual and gender-based violence during non-international armed conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Vaughn Rossouw
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Treaty Interpretation ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Discrimination and sexual and gender-based violence committed against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) detainees remains one of the most pressing contemporary humanitarian challenges. This article focuses on the interpretation of the phrase “or any other similar criteria” as contained in Article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions, upon which adverse distinction is prohibited, in order to qualify sexual orientation and gender identity as prohibited grounds of adverse distinction. The interpretation of “or any other similar criteria” will be embarked upon by employing the general rule of treaty interpretation provided for in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, so as to qualify sexual orientation and gender identity as “any other similar criteria” and ultimately to realize the protection of LGBTQI detainees against discrimination and sexual and gender-based violence during non-international armed conflict.

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