The transgenerational effect of maternal and paternal F1 low birth weight on bone health of second and third generation offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
K. Anevska ◽  
J. D. Wark ◽  
M. E. Wlodek ◽  
T. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

AbstractLow birth weight programs diseases in adulthood, including adverse bone health. These diseases can have intergenerational and transgenerational origins, whereby transmission to subsequent generations occurs via both parental lines. Uteroplacental insufficiency surgery (Restricted) or sham surgery (Control) was performed on gestational day 18, in F0 Wistar–Kyoto rats. F1 Restricted males and females mated with breeders in order to generate F2 offspring of maternal and paternal lineages. F2 males and females were randomly selected for breeding to generate F3 offspring. F2 and F3 offspring did not have differences in birth weight irrespective of F1 low birth weight and parental line. Maternal line females had minor alterations to trabecular content and density at 6 months, these differences were not sustained at 12 months. Maternal line males had changes to trabecular content at 6 and 12 months; however, differences were no longer present at 16 months. Despite altered bone geometry at 12 and 16 months, bending strength remained unaffected at both ages. Bone health of paternal line females was not affected at 6 and 12 months. Paternal line males at 6 months had changes to trabecular and cortical content; cortical thickness, periosteal circumference and bending strength; however, these differences were no longer sustained at 12 and 16 months. Our data demonstrate that there is no transgenerational transmission of adverse bone health in F2 and F3 offspring, derived from low F1 birth weight females and males. Our results are novel, as bone health across generations and both parental lines has not been investigated in a model of low birth weight due to uteroplacental insufficiency.

scholarly journals A major autosomal gene effect on activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase segregating between recombinant inbred lines of mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Erickson ◽  
Kenneth Harper
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ri Lines

SUMMARYG6PD measurements (expressed per g haemoglobin) in both males and females of the parental lines C57BL/6J and C57L/J and four recombinant inbred (RI) lines between them showed segregation of G6PD levels as parental classes (one line showed the higher C57BL/6J activity, three lines were indistinguishable from C57L/J). Haemoglobin also varied significantly among the parental and RI lines but this variation did not explain the variation in G6PD. NADP levels (expressed per g wet wt of erythrocytes) correlated with G6PD levels but one RI line was intermediate in males while two RI lines were lower than either parental line in females. Thus, the major autosomal locus affecting G6PD levels which segregates between these two inbred lines probably does not act directly on NADP levels. The variation in the G6PD levels in the four RI lines co-segregated with the brown coat color locus but the association is not significant because of the small number of RI lines available.

scholarly journals Are there differences in birth weight according to sex and associations with maternal exposure to air pollutants? A cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento ◽  
Adrian Blanco Machin ◽  
Djalma Antonio Almeida dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Exposure Windows ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Several effects of exposure to air pollutants on human health are known. The aim of this study was to identify whether exposure of pregnant women to air pollutants contributes towards low birth weight and which sex is more affected. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study using data on newborns from mothers living in São José do Rio Preto (SP) who were exposed to air pollutants in 2012-2013. METHODS: A hierarchical model on three levels was built using maternal and newborn variables and environmental concentrations of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in quartiles. Preterm new-borns, twins and newborns with birth defects were excluded and exposure windows of 30, 60 and 90 days before delivery were considered. RESULTS: 8,948 newborns were included: 4,491 males (50.2%) and 4,457 females (49.8%); 301 newborns presented low birth weight (3.4%). The mean weight differed between males (3281.0 g) and females (3146.4 g) (P < 0.001). Exposure to ozone was significantly associated with low birth weight in both sexes in the 30-day window (odds ratio, OR = 1.38) and 90-day window (OR = 1.48); and among females, in the 30-day window (OR = 1.58) and 90-day window (OR = 1.59). Exposure to particulate matter had a paradoxical protective effect. No association was found among male newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Female newborns showed greater susceptibility to maternal exposure to air pollutants. Studies on low birth weight in relation to maternal exposure to air pollutants should deal with males and females separately.

Maternal stress does not exacerbate long-term bone deficits in female rats born growth restricted, with differential effects on offspring bone health

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. R161-R170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Anevska ◽  
Jean N. Cheong ◽  
John D. Wark ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek ◽  
Tania Romano
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Females born growth restricted have poor adult bone health. Stress exposure during pregnancy increases risk of pregnancy complications. We determined whether maternal stress exposure in growth-restricted females exacerbates long-term maternal and offspring bone phenotypes. On gestational day 18, bilateral uterine vessel ligation (restricted) or sham (control) surgery was performed on Wistar-Kyoto rats. At 4 mo, control and restricted females were mated and allocated to unstressed or stressed pregnancies. Stressed pregnancies had physiological measurements performed; unstressed females were not handled. After birth, mothers were aged to 13 mo. Second-generation (F2) offspring generated four experimental groups: control unstressed, restricted unstressed, control stressed and restricted stressed. F2 offspring were studied at postnatal day 35 (PN35), 6, 12, and 16 mo. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed on maternal and F2 offspring femurs. Restricted females, irrespective of stress during pregnancy, had decreased endosteal circumference, bending strength, and increased osteocalcin concentrations after pregnancy at 13 mo. F2 offspring of stressed mothers were born lighter. F2 male offspring from stressed pregnancies had decreased trabecular content at 6 mo and decreased endosteal circumference at 16 mo. F2 female offspring from growth-restricted mothers had reduced cortical thickness at PN35 and reduced endosteal circumference at 6 mo. At 12 mo, females from unstressed restricted and stressed control mothers had decreased trabecular content. Low birth weight females had long-term bone changes, highlighting programming effects on bone health. Stress during pregnancy did not exacerbate these programmed effects. Male and female offspring responded differently to maternal growth restriction and stress, indicating gender-specific programming effects.

scholarly journals An enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to heterosis of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid ‘Huaza Mian H318’, as revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhao Ding ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Longfu Zhu ◽  
Maojun Wang ◽  
Yizan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Cotton Hybrid

Abstract Background: Heterosis has been exploited for decades in different crops due to resulting in dramatic increases in yield, but relatively little molecular evidence on this topic reported in cotton. Results: The elite cotton hybrid variety ‘Huaza Mian H318’ ( H318) and its parental lines were used to explore the source of its yield heterosis. A four-year investigation of yield-related traits showed that the boll number of H318 showed higher stability than that of its two parents, in both suitable and unsuitable climate years. In addition, the hybrid H318 grew faster and showed higher fresh and dry weights than its parental lines at the seedling stage. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings identified 17,308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between H318 and its parental lines, and 3,490 extremely changed DEGs were screened out for later analysis. Most DEGs (3,472/3,490) were gathered between H318 and its paternal line (4-5), and only 64 DEGs were found between H318 and its maternal line (B0011), which implied that H318 displays more similar transcriptional patterns to its maternal parent at the seedling stage. GO and KEGG analyses showed that these DEGs were highly enriched in photosynthesis, lipid metabolic, carbohydrate metabolic and oxidation-reduction processes, and the expression level of these DEGs was significantly higher in H318 relative to its parental lines, which implies that photosynthesis, metabolism and stress resistances were enhanced in H318. Conclusion: The enhanced photosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic capabilities contribute to the heterosis of H318 at the seedling stage , and establishes a material foundation for subsequent higher boll-setting rates in complex field environments.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical, Nutritional, and Sensory Evaluation of Two New Commercial Tomato Hybrids and Their Parental Lines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480
Author(s):  
Zoltán Felföldi ◽  
Floricuta Ranga ◽  
Sonia Ancuta Socaci ◽  
Anca Farcas ◽  
Mariola Plazas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the globally most consumed vegetable. The objective of this research was to analyze physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial components (taste and flavor) in two new commercial hybrids (AS 300 F1 and AS 400 F1) and their four F7 parental lines. Two widely grown F1 hybrids (Precos F1 and Addalyn F1) were used as controls. The results obtained for carbohydrates (HPLC-RID) indicated that the highest values (27.82 mg/g) were recorded in the paternal line AS 10 of the new hybrid AS 400 F1. The highest values of total organic acids (HPLC-VWD) were recorded in Addalyn F1 (5.06 m/g), while the highest value of phenolic compounds (HPLC-DAD-ESI⁺) were identified in the maternal line AS 09 of the hybrid AS 400 F1 (96.3 µg/g). Intrinsic sensory values were analyzed by male and female tasters of different ages using a hedonic scale. The tasters’ perception revealed obvious taste differences between tomato genotypes. The study allowed determining genetic parameters of interest (heterosis and heterobeltosis) for the new hybrids, as well as a detailed characterization of the chemical composition and organoleptic quality of the parental breeding lines and their hybrids, which is useful in tomato breeding.

scholarly journals Enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to heterosis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid ‘Huaza Mian H318’ as revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhao Ding ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Longfu Zhu ◽  
Maojun Wang ◽  
Yizan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Cotton Hybrid ◽  
Genome Wide Gene Expression

Abstract Background Heterosis has been exploited for decades in different crops for the dramatic increase in yield but less documented molecular evidences reported in cotton. Results An elite cotton hybrid variety ‘Huaza Mian H318’ (H318) and its parental lines was used to explore the source of its yield heterosis. A four years’ investigation of yield related traits showed that the boll number of the H318 was stable higher compare with its two parents whether in the climate suitable or unsuitable years. Besides, the hybrid H318 grows faster and showed higher fresh and dry weight than its parental lines at the seedling stage. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings identified 17,308 differential expressed genes (DEGs) between H318 and its parental lines, and 945 extremely changed DEGs were screened out for later analysis. In which, most DEGs (931/945) were gathered between H318 and its paternal line (4–5), but only 78 DEGs were found between H318 and its maternal line (B0011), which implied that H318 display more similar gene action with its maternal parent. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these DEGs highly enriched in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic processes, the expression level of these DEGs was significantly higher in the H318 relative to its parental lines, which implies that sucrose and starch biosynthesis were enhanced in H318. Conclusion The enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to the heterosis of H318 at seedling stage, and establish the material foundation for later higher boll setting rates in the complex field environments.

scholarly journals An enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to heterosis of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid ‘Huaza Mian H318’, as revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhao Ding ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Longfu Zhu ◽  
Maojun Wang ◽  
Yizan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Cotton Hybrid

Abstract Background Heterosis has been exploited for decades in different crops due to resulting in dramatic increases in yield, but relatively little molecular evidence on this topic was reported in cotton. Results The elite cotton hybrid variety ‘Huaza Mian H318’ (H318) and its parental lines were used to explore the source of its yield heterosis. A four-year investigation of yield-related traits showed that the boll number of H318 showed higher stability than that of its two parents, both in suitable and unsuitable climate years. In addition, the hybrid H318 grew faster and showed higher fresh and dry weights than its parental lines at the seedling stage. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings identified 17,308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between H318 and its parental lines, and 3490 extremely changed DEGs were screened out for later analysis. Most DEGs (3472/3490) were gathered between H318 and its paternal line (4–5), and only 64 DEGs were found between H318 and its maternal line (B0011), which implied that H318 displays more similar transcriptional patterns to its maternal parent at the seedling stage. GO and KEGG analyses showed that these DEGs were highly enriched in photosynthesis, lipid metabolic, carbohydrate metabolic and oxidation-reduction processes, and the expression level of these DEGs was significantly higher in H318 relative to its parental lines, which implied that photosynthesis, metabolism and stress resistances were enhanced in H318. Conclusion The enhanced photosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic capabilities contribute to the heterosis of H318 at the seedling stage, and establishes a material foundation for subsequent higher boll-setting rates in complex field environments.

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