scholarly journals An enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to heterosis of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid ‘Huaza Mian H318’, as revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhao Ding ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Longfu Zhu ◽  
Maojun Wang ◽  
Yizan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Cotton Hybrid

Abstract Background: Heterosis has been exploited for decades in different crops due to resulting in dramatic increases in yield, but relatively little molecular evidence on this topic reported in cotton. Results: The elite cotton hybrid variety ‘Huaza Mian H318’ ( H318) and its parental lines were used to explore the source of its yield heterosis. A four-year investigation of yield-related traits showed that the boll number of H318 showed higher stability than that of its two parents, in both suitable and unsuitable climate years. In addition, the hybrid H318 grew faster and showed higher fresh and dry weights than its parental lines at the seedling stage. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings identified 17,308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between H318 and its parental lines, and 3,490 extremely changed DEGs were screened out for later analysis. Most DEGs (3,472/3,490) were gathered between H318 and its paternal line (4-5), and only 64 DEGs were found between H318 and its maternal line (B0011), which implied that H318 displays more similar transcriptional patterns to its maternal parent at the seedling stage. GO and KEGG analyses showed that these DEGs were highly enriched in photosynthesis, lipid metabolic, carbohydrate metabolic and oxidation-reduction processes, and the expression level of these DEGs was significantly higher in H318 relative to its parental lines, which implies that photosynthesis, metabolism and stress resistances were enhanced in H318. Conclusion: The enhanced photosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic capabilities contribute to the heterosis of H318 at the seedling stage , and establishes a material foundation for subsequent higher boll-setting rates in complex field environments.

scholarly journals An enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to heterosis of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid ‘Huaza Mian H318’, as revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhao Ding ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Longfu Zhu ◽  
Maojun Wang ◽  
Yizan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Cotton Hybrid

Abstract Background Heterosis has been exploited for decades in different crops due to resulting in dramatic increases in yield, but relatively little molecular evidence on this topic was reported in cotton. Results The elite cotton hybrid variety ‘Huaza Mian H318’ (H318) and its parental lines were used to explore the source of its yield heterosis. A four-year investigation of yield-related traits showed that the boll number of H318 showed higher stability than that of its two parents, both in suitable and unsuitable climate years. In addition, the hybrid H318 grew faster and showed higher fresh and dry weights than its parental lines at the seedling stage. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings identified 17,308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between H318 and its parental lines, and 3490 extremely changed DEGs were screened out for later analysis. Most DEGs (3472/3490) were gathered between H318 and its paternal line (4–5), and only 64 DEGs were found between H318 and its maternal line (B0011), which implied that H318 displays more similar transcriptional patterns to its maternal parent at the seedling stage. GO and KEGG analyses showed that these DEGs were highly enriched in photosynthesis, lipid metabolic, carbohydrate metabolic and oxidation-reduction processes, and the expression level of these DEGs was significantly higher in H318 relative to its parental lines, which implied that photosynthesis, metabolism and stress resistances were enhanced in H318. Conclusion The enhanced photosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic capabilities contribute to the heterosis of H318 at the seedling stage, and establishes a material foundation for subsequent higher boll-setting rates in complex field environments.

scholarly journals Enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to heterosis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid ‘Huaza Mian H318’ as revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhao Ding ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Longfu Zhu ◽  
Maojun Wang ◽  
Yizan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Cotton Hybrid ◽  
Genome Wide Gene Expression

Abstract Background Heterosis has been exploited for decades in different crops for the dramatic increase in yield but less documented molecular evidences reported in cotton. Results An elite cotton hybrid variety ‘Huaza Mian H318’ (H318) and its parental lines was used to explore the source of its yield heterosis. A four years’ investigation of yield related traits showed that the boll number of the H318 was stable higher compare with its two parents whether in the climate suitable or unsuitable years. Besides, the hybrid H318 grows faster and showed higher fresh and dry weight than its parental lines at the seedling stage. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings identified 17,308 differential expressed genes (DEGs) between H318 and its parental lines, and 945 extremely changed DEGs were screened out for later analysis. In which, most DEGs (931/945) were gathered between H318 and its paternal line (4–5), but only 78 DEGs were found between H318 and its maternal line (B0011), which implied that H318 display more similar gene action with its maternal parent. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these DEGs highly enriched in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic processes, the expression level of these DEGs was significantly higher in the H318 relative to its parental lines, which implies that sucrose and starch biosynthesis were enhanced in H318. Conclusion The enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to the heterosis of H318 at seedling stage, and establish the material foundation for later higher boll setting rates in the complex field environments.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical, Nutritional, and Sensory Evaluation of Two New Commercial Tomato Hybrids and Their Parental Lines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480
Author(s):  
Zoltán Felföldi ◽  
Floricuta Ranga ◽  
Sonia Ancuta Socaci ◽  
Anca Farcas ◽  
Mariola Plazas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the globally most consumed vegetable. The objective of this research was to analyze physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial components (taste and flavor) in two new commercial hybrids (AS 300 F1 and AS 400 F1) and their four F7 parental lines. Two widely grown F1 hybrids (Precos F1 and Addalyn F1) were used as controls. The results obtained for carbohydrates (HPLC-RID) indicated that the highest values (27.82 mg/g) were recorded in the paternal line AS 10 of the new hybrid AS 400 F1. The highest values of total organic acids (HPLC-VWD) were recorded in Addalyn F1 (5.06 m/g), while the highest value of phenolic compounds (HPLC-DAD-ESI⁺) were identified in the maternal line AS 09 of the hybrid AS 400 F1 (96.3 µg/g). Intrinsic sensory values were analyzed by male and female tasters of different ages using a hedonic scale. The tasters’ perception revealed obvious taste differences between tomato genotypes. The study allowed determining genetic parameters of interest (heterosis and heterobeltosis) for the new hybrids, as well as a detailed characterization of the chemical composition and organoleptic quality of the parental breeding lines and their hybrids, which is useful in tomato breeding.

The transgenerational effect of maternal and paternal F1 low birth weight on bone health of second and third generation offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
K. Anevska ◽  
J. D. Wark ◽  
M. E. Wlodek ◽  
T. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

AbstractLow birth weight programs diseases in adulthood, including adverse bone health. These diseases can have intergenerational and transgenerational origins, whereby transmission to subsequent generations occurs via both parental lines. Uteroplacental insufficiency surgery (Restricted) or sham surgery (Control) was performed on gestational day 18, in F0 Wistar–Kyoto rats. F1 Restricted males and females mated with breeders in order to generate F2 offspring of maternal and paternal lineages. F2 males and females were randomly selected for breeding to generate F3 offspring. F2 and F3 offspring did not have differences in birth weight irrespective of F1 low birth weight and parental line. Maternal line females had minor alterations to trabecular content and density at 6 months, these differences were not sustained at 12 months. Maternal line males had changes to trabecular content at 6 and 12 months; however, differences were no longer present at 16 months. Despite altered bone geometry at 12 and 16 months, bending strength remained unaffected at both ages. Bone health of paternal line females was not affected at 6 and 12 months. Paternal line males at 6 months had changes to trabecular and cortical content; cortical thickness, periosteal circumference and bending strength; however, these differences were no longer sustained at 12 and 16 months. Our data demonstrate that there is no transgenerational transmission of adverse bone health in F2 and F3 offspring, derived from low F1 birth weight females and males. Our results are novel, as bone health across generations and both parental lines has not been investigated in a model of low birth weight due to uteroplacental insufficiency.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Basis of Cold Tolerance in Rice at the Seedling Stage

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Tae-Ho Ham ◽  
Yebin Kwon ◽  
Yoonjung Lee ◽  
Jisu Choi ◽  
Joohyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cold tolerance in a collection of 127 rice accessions, including 57 Korean landraces at the seedling stage. Cold tolerance of rice seedlings was evaluated in a growth chamber under controlled conditions and scored on a 0–9 scale, based on their low-temperature response and subsequent recovery. GWAS, together with principal component analysis (PCA) and kinship matrix analysis, revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 4, and 5 that explained 16.5% to 18.5% of the variance in cold tolerance. The genomic region underlying the QTL on chromosome four overlapped with a previously reported QTL associated with cold tolerance in rice seedlings. Similarly, one of the QTLs identified on chromosome five overlapped with a previously reported QTL associated with seedling vigor. Subsequent bioinformatic and haplotype analyses revealed three candidate genes affecting cold tolerance within the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of these QTLs: Os01g0357800, encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) domain-containing protein; Os05g0171300, encoding a plastidial ADP-glucose transporter; and Os05g0400200, encoding a retrotransposon protein, Ty1-copia subclass. The detected QTLs and further evaluation of these candidate genes in the future will provide strategies for developing cold-tolerant rice in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of changes in miRNA and target gene expression reveals key roles in heterosis for Chinese cabbage biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peirong Li ◽  
Tongbing Su ◽  
Deshuang Zhang ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Parental Lines

AbstractHeterosis is a complex phenomenon in which hybrids show better phenotypic characteristics than their parents do. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. spp. pekinensis) is a popular leafy crop species, hybrids of which are widely used in commercial production; however, the molecular basis of heterosis for biomass of Chinese cabbage is poorly understood. We characterized heterosis in a Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid cultivar and its parental lines from the seedling stage to the heading stage; marked heterosis of leaf weight and biomass yield were observed. Small RNA sequencing revealed 63 and 50 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) at the seedling and early-heading stages, respectively. The expression levels of the majority of miRNA clusters in the F1 hybrid were lower than the mid-parent values (MPVs). Using degradome sequencing, we identified 1,819 miRNA target genes. Gene ontology (GO) analyses demonstrated that the target genes of the MPV-DEMs and low parental expression level dominance (ELD) miRNAs were significantly enriched in leaf morphogenesis, leaf development, and leaf shaping. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression levels of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis-related MPV-DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were significantly different in the F1 hybrid compared to the parental lines, resulting in increased photosynthesis capacity and chlorophyll content in the former. Furthermore, expression of genes known to regulate leaf development was also observed at the seedling stage. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing BrGRF4.2 and bra-miR396 presented increased and decreased leaf sizes, respectively. These results provide new insight into the regulation of target genes and miRNA expression patterns in leaf size and heterosis for biomass of B. rapa.

scholarly journals Comparison of PRKAG3 and RYR1 gene effect on carcass traits and meat quality in Slovenian commercial pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Škrlep ◽  
T. Kavar ◽  
M. Čandek-Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Large White ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Subjective Score ◽  
Colour Parameters

The effect of polymorphisms at <I>PRKAG3</I> (<I>R200Q</I> and <I>I199V</I>) and <I>RYR1</I> (<I>R615C</I>) genes on carcass traits and meat quality was examined in a sample of 257 commercial pigs, crosses of Landrace × Large White as maternal line and Pietrain (<I>N</I> = 96), Pietrain × Landrace (<I>N</I> = 42) or Pietrain × Hampshire (<I>N</I> = 119) as paternal line. Pigs were genotyped (PCR-RFLP) and traits of interest were measured (which included carcass and ham weight, measurements of fatness, meatiness, ultimate pH, colour parameters and drip loss). The observed genotype frequencies at <I>PRKAG3</I> gene were 9.7%, 38.9%, 32.7%, 6.2% and 12.5% for <I>R/R-I/I, R/R-I/V, R/R-V/V, Q/R-I/V</I> and <I>Q/R-V/V</I> genotype, respectively. <I>RYR1</I> genotype frequencies were 57.2% for <I>N/N</I> and 42.8% for <I>N/n</I> genotype. Studied polymorphisms exhibited a significant effect on meat quality, but mainly an insignificant effect on carcass traits. No significant interaction between <I>PRKAG3</I> and <I>RYR1</I> was found. Carriers of <I>RYR1</I> mutant allele “<I>n</I>” had less intense <I>longissimus dorsi</I> muscle colour (subjective score, Minolta <I>L</I>* and <I>b</I>*) and higher drip loss. Regarding <I>PRKAG3</I>, the ultimate pH decreased and Minolta <I>L</I>*, <I>a</I>*, <I>b</I>* and drip loss increased in the following order: <I>R/R-I/I, R/R-I/V, R/R-V/V, Q/R-I/V</I> and <I>Q/R-V/V</I>, according to the presence of <I>199I</I> and absence of <I>200Q</I> alleles. The study shows that the <I>I199V</I> polymorphism is an important source of variation in pigs free of <I>200Q</I>. In particular the <I>199I</I> proves beneficial for meat quality. The results of combining the <I>RYR1</I> and <I>PRKAG3</I> genotypes indicate that <I>R/R-I/I</I> genotype could be used in counterbalancing the negative effects of “<I>n</I>” allele on meat quality.<B></B>

scholarly journals SOBIR1/EVR prevents precocious initiation of fiber differentiation during wood development through a mechanism involving BP and ERECTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (37) ◽  
pp. 18710-18716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Milhinhos ◽  
Francisco Vera-Sirera ◽  
Noel Blanco-Touriñán ◽  
Cristina Mari-Carmona ◽  
Àngela Carrió-Seguí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Wood Development ◽  
Genome Wide

In plants, secondary growth results in radial expansion of stems and roots, generating large amounts of biomass in the form of wood. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-guided reverse genetics inArabidopsis thaliana, we discoveredSOBIR1/EVR, previously known to control plant immunoresponses and abscission, as a regulator of secondary growth. We present anatomical, genetic, and molecular evidence indicating that SOBIR1/EVR prevents the precocious differentiation of xylem fiber, a key cell type for wood development. SOBIR1/EVR acts through a mechanism that involves BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) and ERECTA (ER), 2 proteins previously known to regulate xylem fiber development. We demonstrate that BP bindsSOBIR1/EVRpromoter and thatSOBIR1/EVRexpression is enhanced inbpmutants, suggesting a direct, negative regulation of BP overSOBIR1/EVRexpression. We show that SOBIR1/EVR physically interacts with ER and that defects caused by thesobir1/evrmutation are aggravated by mutatingER, indicating that SOBIR1/EVR and ERECTA act together in the control of the precocious formation of xylem fiber development.

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