scholarly journals Are immigrants responsible for the recent decline in Australian suicide rates?

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kõlves ◽  
D. De Leo
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Older Males

Aims.This study aims to examine Queensland suicide trends in the Australian-born population and in the overseas-born populations over the past 2 decades.Methods.All suicide cases for the period 1991–2009 were identified in the Queensland Suicide Register. Age-standardised suicide rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression and Poisson regression were applied.Results.A significant decline in suicide rates of young (15–44 years) overseas-born males was reported over the past 2 decades. Australian-born young males showed significant increase until 1996, followed by a significant decline; furthermore, their suicide rates were significantly higher when compared to overseas-born (RR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.15; 1.62). Contrary older Australian-born males (45+ years) had significantly lower suicide rates than overseas-born males (RR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83; 0.98). Despite the convergence of the suicide trends for older males, changes were not significant. While Australian-born females had a significant increase in suicides, overseas-born females had a decline in 1991–2009.Conclusions.Conclusion. Significantly declining suicide rates of migrants have contributed to the declining in suicide trends in Queensland. Potential reasons for significantly lower suicide rates among young migrants might include the change in the nature of migration from involuntary to voluntary.

Firearms and Suicide in Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Cantor ◽  
Terry Lewin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Using Data

Australia has a moderate overall suicide rate but an extremely high male firearm suicide rate. Using data covering the years 1961–1985, a series of multiple regression based analyses were performed. During this period, overall suicide rates fell but firearm suicides remained constant with a resulting increase in the proportion of suicides by firearms. There has been an increase in suicides in the young offset by a decline in the elderly. Young males showed the greatest proportional increase in the use of firearms. A limited regional analysis supported the hypothesis that lack of legislative restrictions on long guns in Queensland with a greater household prevalence of such weapons and different cultural attitudes were associated with higher overall and firearm suicide rates. Such findings are consistent with reports from North America, although trends in Australia are more modest. Reducing the availability and cultural acceptance of firearms is likely to decrease suicide rates, especially in males.

Youth and Parent Participation in Transition Planning in the U.S.A.: Findings from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Johnson ◽  
Martha L. Thurlow ◽  
Yi-Chen Wu ◽  
Xueqin Qian ◽  
Ernest Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Planning ◽  
Parent Participation ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transition Study ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
National Longitudinal Transition Study

Abstract The purpose of this study was to use data from the United States' National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012) to present descriptive information on youth and parent participation and youth's role in required Individualized Education Program (IEP)/transition planning meetings by disability category and age groupings (14-22 year olds, 14-15 year olds, and 16-22 year olds). The study found that youth and parent attendance in IEP/transition planning meetings was high across disability categories, but the extent to which youth and parents met with teachers to discuss transition goals was much lower. Data from NLTS 2012 and a previous U.S. study, the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2), were compared for youth's participation with school staff in discussing transition goals. A significant decline in participation was found over the past decade. Logistic regression analyses illustrated differences in youth and parent participation and youth's role by disability category.

scholarly journals Association between indicators of cattle density and incidence of paediatric haemolytic – uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children under 15 years of age in France between 1996 and 2001: an ecological study

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HAUS-CHEYMOL ◽  
E. ESPIE ◽  
D. CHE ◽  
V. VAILLANT ◽  
H. DE VALK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
The Past

Over the past years Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 emerged as an important cause of severe gastrointestinal illnesses and haemolytic–uraemic syndrome (HUS) with up to 10% of children infected with STEC developing HUS. We conducted a geographical ecological study using the district as the statistical unit. For each district, we estimated the incidence of HUS among children <15 years for the period 1996–2001 from national HUS surveillance data and data obtained on cattle density. We used multivariate Poisson regression to quantify the relation, adjusted for covariates, between paediatric HUS incidence and exposure to cattle. In univariate analysis, a positive association was observed between several cattle-density indicators and HUS incidence. In multivariate analysis, HUS paediatric incidence was associated with dairy cattle density and the ratio of calves to children <15 years (P<0·001). Our findings are consistent with previous studies in other countries and support the recommendation to limit exposure of children to dairy cattle and manure to reduce the risk of STEC infection.

scholarly journals Low-frequency arterial pressure fluctuations do not reflect sympathetic outflow: gender and age differences

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. H1194-H1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andrew Taylor ◽  
Todd D. Williams ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
Kevin P. Davy
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Pressure Oscillations ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Mayer Wave ◽  
Older Males

Low-frequency arterial pressure oscillations (Mayer waves) have been proposed as an index of vascular sympathetic outflow. However, cross-sectional differences in these pressure oscillations may not reflect different levels of sympathetic nervous outflow in humans. Three groups of healthy subjects with characteristically different sympathetic nervous outflow were studied: young females ( n = 10, 18–28 yr), young males ( n = 11, 18–29 yr), and older males ( n = 13, 60–72 yr). Average R-R interval, arterial pressures, and systolic pressure variability at the Mayer wave frequency (0.05–0.15 Hz) did not differ among the three groups. Diastolic pressure Mayer wave variability was similar in young females vs. young males (39 ± 10 vs. 34 ± 5 mmHg2) and lower in older males vs. young males (14 ± 2 mmHg2; P < 0.05). In contrast, muscle sympathetic activity was lowest in young females (892 ± 249 total activity/min) and highest in older males (3,616 ± 528 total activity/min; both P < 0.05 vs. young males: 2,505 ± 285 total activity/min). Across the three groups, arterial pressure Mayer wave variability did not correlate with any index of sympathetic activity. Our results demonstrate that arterial pressure Mayer wave amplitude is not a surrogate measure of vascular sympathetic outflow.

scholarly journals Territoriality and Neighbor Assessment in Brown Jays (Cyanocorax Morio) in Costa Rica

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Hale ◽  
Dean A. Williams ◽  
Kerry N. Rabenold
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Resource Defense ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Home Group ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Territory Characteristics ◽  
Older Males

Abstract Defense of group-held resources is a common and widely accepted function of territorial interactions between neighboring groups. In addition, territorial interactions could provide opportunities to assess members of neighboring groups and reproductive opportunities there, or to solidify status in the home group. We studied group-level characteristics and individual participation in territorial encounters in the cooperatively breeding Brown Jay (Cyanocorax morio). Intergroup encounters at stable territory boundaries include both aggressive and affiliative behavior, which suggests that a territorial encounter could function as both a resource defense mechanism and as an arena for social interactions. Territory characteristics that increase the probability of contact between groups (long boundaries, large combined group size, and home range overlap) explain much of the variation in frequency of territorial encounters. Male-biased dispersal was more common to neighboring groups with long boundaries, supporting the idea that frequent interactions between neighbors facilitate dispersal. Females usually inherit breeding positions on their natal territories, and participation in intergroup encounters by females does not vary with age or breeding status. In addition to defending group resources, females on their natal territories could be defending their positions in the breeding queue. Immigrant females are not likely to breed successfully, or to disperse again, and they participated less than expected. Participation by both natal and immigrant males varied by age; young males, at the ages when dispersal and intergroup forays are most likely, participated more than expected, whereas older males (≥4 years) participated less. That is consistent with the hypothesis that participation in intergroup encounters facilitates dispersal and improves integration into social groups. Because extragroup matings occur in this population, both breeding females and males could be assessing neighboring individuals for mating opportunities. Resource defense and social facilitation are not mutually exclusive hypotheses, and our observations suggest that both are important components of territorial encounters in Brown Jays.

Increases of suicide rates in Kansas: results from 2009-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Lloyd ◽  
David W. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the increase in suicide rates for Kansas residents, as well as quantify the difference in suicide rates between men and women across the State of Kansas. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate increases in suicide rates, a joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to calculate the annual percentage change in suicide rates. To evaluate differences between sex characteristics, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted. Findings Results of a joinpoint regression analysis found that the annual percentage change in the suicide rates of Kansas did increase significantly between 2009 and 2018. Furthermore, the rate of suicide increase among women was greater than the suicide rate increases of men. Originality/value The value of this study provides context to the suicide literature that could allow for better local and statewide policy decisions.

Trends in suicidal ideation in England: the National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys of 2000 and 2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Spiers ◽  
P. E. Bebbington ◽  
M. S. Dennis ◽  
T. S. Brugha ◽  
S. McManus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundRecent falls in suicide rates should be accompanied by a decline in the prevalence of suicidal ideation.MethodWe used a pseudo-cohort analytic strategy to examine trends in suicidal ideation measured identically in 2000 and 2007, in nationally representative English probability samples of adults aged ⩾ 16 years. Suicidal ideation included tiredness of life, death wishes and thoughts of suicide. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate trends in age-specific prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year and past week between 2000 and 2007.ResultsThere were 6799 participants aged 16–71 years in 2000, and 6815 participants aged 16–78 years in 2007. There was little evidence of trends in prevalence of suicidal ideation, with the exception of women aged 44–50 years in 2007, whose prevalence was unusually high. Prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year followed a W-shaped profile with age, with peaks at the transition to adulthood, in the forties, and in the oldest participants.ConclusionsDespite falling suicide rates, suicidal ideation did not decline overall between 2000 and 2007. This may indicate the success of the National Suicide Prevention Strategy. Women aged 44–50 years in 2007 were, however, particularly prone to suicidal ideation. As they also have the highest age-adjusted prevalence of common mental disorders and the highest female suicide rate, there are clear implications for treatment access, availability and delivery in primary care.

scholarly journals Did the introduction and increased prescribing of antidepressants lead to changes in long-term trends of suicide rates?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Amendola ◽  
Martin Plöderl ◽  
Michael P Hengartner
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract Background Ecological studies have explored associations between suicide rates and antidepressant prescriptions in the population, but most of them are limited as they analyzed short-term correlations that may be spurious. The aim of this long-term study was to examine whether trends in suicide rates changed in three European countries when the first antidepressants were introduced in 1960 and when prescription rates increased steeply after 1990 with the introduction of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Methods Data were extracted from the WHO Mortality Database. Suicide rates were calculated for people aged 10–89 years from 1951–2015 for Italy, 1955–2016 for Austria and 1951–2013 for Switzerland. Trends in suicide rates stratified by gender were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Results There was a general pattern of long-term trends that was broadly consistent across all three countries. Suicide rates were stable or decreasing during the 1950s and 1960s, they rose during the 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s and thereafter they declined. There were a few notable exceptions to these general trends. In Italian men, suicide rates increased until 1997, then fell sharply until 2006 and increased again from 2006 to 2015. In women from all three countries, there was an extended period during the 2000s when suicide rates were stable. No trend changes occurred around 1960 or 1990. Conclusions The introduction of antidepressants around 1960 and the sharp increase in prescriptions after 1990 with the introduction of the SSRIs did not coincide with trend changes in suicide rates in Italy, Austria or Switzerland.

Floristic composition and conservation value of the stubble-field weed community, dominated by Stachys annua in western Hungary

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Pinke ◽  
Robert Pál
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Farmland Birds ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Conservation

AbstractThe stubble-field weed community, dominated by Stachys annua, was generally distributed in Hungary until the 1950s on mid-heavy and heavy, base-rich soils. Stachys annua is an excellent nectar-producer, and from the nectar collected in its habitats popular stubble-honey was produced. This vegetation type has suffered significant decline, mainly due to the early ploughing of stubbles associated with the intensification of agriculture. In the present study, the floristic composition of this community is assessed based on 213 phytosociological records, and its distribution in the past ten years in western Hungary is mapped. Sixty-five percent of the species are of Eurasian, European and Mediterranean elements, and the largest proportion of the species are spring-germinating summer annuals. The proportion of insect-pollinated plant species is approximately 70%, and the species composition also offers significant seed food sources for farmland birds, e.g. Coturnix coturnix and Perdix perdix. Therefore this community should deserve a high conservation priority for biodiversity. The factors that offer the greatest threats to the continuing existence of this community type are intensive agricultural management and the increasing spread of Ambrosia artemisiifolia.

Comparative Suicide Rates in Different Types of Involuntary Confinement

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Haycock
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Court Involved ◽  
Two Populations

In the past decade especially, a number of studies have appeared on suicide among court-involved persons, chiefly in jail and prison remand settings, and to a lesser degree among longer-term prisoners. Confinement is not everywhere equally suicidogenic, and the types of people who find themselves confined do not represent uniformly high risk groups. This article reports on rates of completed suicides over long periods of time in two very different US institutions operated by the Massachusetts Department of Correction: the Addiction Centre and its antecedent faculties (1886–1990); and the Defective Delinquent Department (1922–1971). For perspective, the paper compares suicide rates among its two populations to rates for other very distinctive institutions operated by the Massachusetts Department of Correction, the Bridgewater State Hospital and the Massachusetts Treatment Centre for Sexually Dangerous Persons. The results are remarkable for the rarity of suicide in three distinct populations—the Addiction Center, the Defective Delinquent Department and the Treatment Center for Sexually Dangerous Persons—but considerably higher rates in the State Hospital, a population often dismissed as “criminally insane.” The possible significance of these results for debates about “importation” versus “deprivation” explanations of custodial suicide is discussed.

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