Age and Gender Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategies: Autobiographical Memory, Rumination, Problem Solving and Distraction

AbstractOur study tested the hypothesis that older adults and men use more adaptive emotion regulatory strategies but fewer negative emotion regulatory strategies than younger adults and women. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that rumination acts as a mediator variable for the effect of age and gender on depression scores. Differences in rumination, problem solving, distraction, autobiographical recall and depression were assessed in a group of young adults (18–29 years) compared to a group of older adults (50–76 years). The older group used more problem solving and distraction strategies when in a depressed state than their younger counterparts (ps < .05). The younger participants reported more rumination (p < .01). Women scored higher in depression scores and lower in distraction than men (ps < .05). There were no significant effects of age, gender, or interaction of age by gender on the recall of specific autobiographical memories (ps > .06). Ordinary least squares regression analyses with bootstrapping showed that rumination mediated the association between age, gender and depression scores. These results suggest that older adults and men select more adaptive strategies to regulate emotions than young adults and women with rumination acting as a significant mediator variable in the association between age, gender, and depression.

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What do subjective cognitive complaints in persons with aging-associated cognitive decline reflect?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610205001638 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 499-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Matthias Kliegel ◽

Daniel Zimprich ◽

Anne Eschen

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Cognitive Complaints ◽

Depressive Affect ◽

And Gender ◽

Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Background: Subjective cognitive complaints have been included in diagnostic concepts such as Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline (AACD) aiming to identify older adults with cognitive impairments at high risk of developing dementia. Although several studies in normal aging have found that subjective cognitive complaints are related to depressive affect and personality factors, little is known as to whether this is also true for older adults with AACD.Methods: In 123 older adults diagnosed with AACD and 291 controls, the role of actual cognitive performance, depressive affect, neuroticism and conscientiousness in predicting subjective cognitive complaints was investigated. In separate ordinary least squares regression analyses for both groups with gender, age, years of schooling, cognitive performance, depressive affect, neuroticism and conscientiousness as predicting variables, in the control participants, gender, age, depressive affect and neuroticism were related to subjective cognitive complaints, whereas in the AACD participants only gender and neuroticism accounted for variance in subjective cognitive complaints. Testing for group differences in predictive power, revealed differential effects for gender, depressive affect and neuroticism.Conclusions: As subjective cognitive complaints in the AACD group were related to neuroticism and gender rather than to cognitive performance, their inclusion in diagnostic concepts such as AACD should be revaluated. However, the nature of subjective cognitive complaints might be qualitatively different in persons diagnosed with AACD compared to those stated by normal older adults.

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Status, Age, and Gender: Perceptions of Old and Young People

Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement ◽

10.1017/s0714980800008886 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 255-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ian D. Graham ◽

Paul M. Baker

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young People ◽

Western Society ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Gender Perceptions ◽

And Gender ◽

Age Stratification

ABSTRACTSeveral writers have suggested that there is an inverted U-curve of status or prestige across the lifespan in Western society. The old and the young are apparently accorded less status than persons in midlife, and women are seen as having less status than men.In this study of 198 older individuals (mean age 67), the same inverted U-curve was found, but gender differences were very small. Much less extreme status ratings were given by this older sample than by the earlier samples of young adults. Also, status ratings were again mostly unaffected by respondents' characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, or social class. Older adults, therefore, seem to accept the broad cultural views of age stratification, but are slightly more egalitarian than the young.

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The Application of Tongue Endurance Measures to Functional Dining

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.2.61 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephanie Kays ◽

JoAnne Robbins

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Muscle Endurance ◽

Tongue Strength ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Minimal Effort

Abstract While tongue strength has been shown to be critical for safe swallowing, measures of tongue endurance may be more functional, given that dining requires multiple swallows performed over a period of time. Recent findings demonstrate that the act of eating a meal reduces tongue endurance in both young and older adults, but young adults tend to have higher baseline endurance measures, suggesting that older adults present with reduced reserve to safely complete a meal with minimal effort. Furthermore, observed changes in tongue endurance after dining vary with respect to anatomic tongue location, age, and gender. Evidence from studies of limb muscle endurance is utilized to discuss these findings.

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Articulation rate across dialect, age, and gender

Language Variation and Change ◽

10.1017/s0954394509990093 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 233-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Ewa Jacewicz ◽

Robert A. Fox ◽

Caitlin O'Neill ◽

Joseph Salmons

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

North Carolina ◽

Young Adults ◽

American English ◽

The Body ◽

Articulation Rate ◽

Sociolinguistic Variation ◽

Age And Gender ◽

The Social ◽

And Gender

AbstractWhether some languages or dialects are spoken faster or slower than others constitutes a gap in the understanding of sociolinguistic variation. Speech tempo is interconnected with the social, physical and psychological marking of speech. This study examines regional variation in articulation rate and its manifestations across speaker age, gender, and speaking situations (reading vs. informal talk). The results of an experimental investigation show that articulation rate differs significantly between two regional varieties of American English examined here. A group of Northern speakers (from Wisconsin) spoke significantly faster than a group of Southern speakers (from North Carolina). With regard to age and gender, young adults read faster than older adults in both regions; in informal talks, however, only Northern young adults spoke faster than older adults. Effects of gender were smaller and less consistent; men generally spoke slightly faster than women did. As the body of work on the sociophonetics of American English continues to grow in scope and depth, we argue that it is important to include fundamental phonetic information as part of our catalog of regional differences and patterns of change in American English.

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Age and Gender Differences in Depression Among Mexican American Older Adults

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e649132012-001 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Jodi D. Bremer ◽

Grace I. L. Caskie

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Mexican American ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

And Gender

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Do They Really Mean It? Children’s Inference of Speaker Intentions and the Role of Age and Gender

Language and Speech ◽

10.1177/0023830919878742 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 689-712

Author(s):

K. Rothermich ◽

O. Caivano ◽

L.J. Knoll ◽

V. Talwar

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

Video Clip ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Video Clips ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

Speaker Intentions ◽

And Gender

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

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Precision Across Race, Age and Gender of a HIV Risk Screen for Adolescents and Young Adults

Social Work in Public Health ◽

10.1080/19371918.2014.994725 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 260-271

Author(s):

Michiel A. van Zyl ◽

Christina Studts ◽

Kathryn Pahl

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

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A Study on Age and Gender Difference in Mental Health of Young Adults

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 2881-2891

Author(s):

Ruchi Singh Ragini Mishra

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

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Living Arrangements and Sleep-Related Outcomes Among Older Adults in China

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/0091415019852777 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 111-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yen-Han Lee ◽

Yen-Chang Chang ◽

Timothy Chiang ◽

Ching-Ti Liu ◽

Mack Shelley

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Regression Models ◽

Family Members ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Nationally Representative

It has been discussed previously that older adults’ living arrangements are associated with mortality. This study investigated the relationships between older adults’ living arrangements and sleep-related outcomes in China. The nationally representative sample included 4,731 participants who participated on two different occasions, with a total of 9,462 observations (2012 and 2014 waves). Panel logistic regression and panel ordinary least squares regression models were estimated with outcomes of sleep quality and average hours of sleep daily, respectively. Approximately 62% of individuals reported good quality of sleep. We observed that older adults who lived with family members had 17% greater odds of reporting good quality of sleep (adjusted odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [1.03, 1.34], p < .05) and reported longer sleep duration daily (β = .334, standard error = .069, p < .01), compared with those who lived alone. Social support is needed to strengthen the residential relationship, especially with family members.

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