scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Relationship Between Internalizing Disorders and Sick Leave Granted for Mental and Somatic Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fartein A. Torvik ◽  
Line C. Gjerde ◽  
Espen Røysamb ◽  
Kristian Tambs ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the degree to which internalizing disorders (anxiety and mood disorders) are prospectively associated with sick leave granted for mental and somatic disorders, and the extent to which common genetic and environmental risk factors influence these relationships. Data include self-reported symptoms of psychological distress from 7,598 young adult twins and diagnostic interviews on a subsample of 2,766 adult twins, subsequently linked to registry data on sick leave. Regression analyses and multivariate twin models were used to investigate the relationship between internalizing disorders and sick leave. Internalizing disorders were associated with sick leave granted for both mental disorders and somatic disorders. The association between internalizing disorders and sick leave granted for mental disorders was influenced by genetic and non-shared environmental factors, while the association between internalizing disorders and sick leave granted for somatic disorders could be explained by common genetic factors alone. Monozygotic twins discordant for internalizing disorders differed significantly in rates of sick leave granted for mental but not somatic disorders. In conclusion, internalizing disorders in young adults predict sick leave granted for both mental and somatic disorders. Environmental risk factors for internalizing disorders seem to influence sick leave granted for mental disorders, but not sick leave granted for somatic disorders.

scholarly journals Impact of road network structure on dementia-related missing incidents: a spatial buffer approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaisakh Puthusseryppady ◽  
Ed Manley ◽  
Ellen Lowry ◽  
Martyn Patel ◽  
Michael Hornberger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Real World ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Intersection Density ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Dementia-related missing incidents are a highly prevalent issue worldwide. Despite being associated with potentially life-threatening consequences, very little is still known about what environmental risk factors may potentially contribute to these missing incidents. The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective, observational analysis using a large sample of police case records of missing individuals with dementia (n = 210). Due to the influence that road network structure has on our real world navigation, we aimed to explore the relationship between road intersection density, intersection complexity, and orientation entropy to the dementia-related missing incidents. For each missing incident location, the above three variables were computed at a 1 km radius buffer zone around these locations; these values were then compared to that of a set of random locations. The results showed that higher road intersection density, intersection complexity, and orientation entropy were all significantly associated with dementia-related missing incidents. Our results suggest that these properties of road network structure emerge as significant environmental risk factors for dementia-related missing incidents, informing future prospective studies as well as safeguarding guidelines.

The Chinese National Twin Registry: An Update

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Li ◽  
Wenjing Gao ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Weihua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discordant Twin

The Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), established in 2001, is the first and largest population-based twin registry in China. Based on the CNTR, a new twin cohort was recruited from 2011 to study the relationship between environmental risk factors and chronic diseases. So far, 33,874 twin pairs from nine provinces have been recruited, in which hundreds of disease-discordant twin pairs and even thousands of exposure-discordant twin pairs were found in this cohort. The updates of the CNTR will be introduced in detail in this article.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Genetic and Environmental Influences on Common Externalizing Psychopathology and Mental Wellbeing

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
John M. Myers ◽  
Corey L. M. Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
The Relationship

To determine the relationship between the genetic and environmental risk factors for externalizing psychopathology and mental wellbeing, we examined detailed measures of emotional, social and psychological wellbeing, and a history of alcohol-related problems and smoking behavior in the last year in 1,386 individual twins from same-sex pairs from the MIDUS national US sample assessed in 1995. Cholesky decomposition analyses were performed withthe Mx program. The best fit model contained one highly heritable common externalizing psychopathology factor for both substance use/abuse measures, and one strongly heritable common factor for the three wellbeing measures. Genetic and environmental risk factors for externalizing psychopathology were both negatively associated with levels of mental wellbeing and accounted for, respectively, 7% and 21% of its genetic and environmental influences. Adding internalizing psychopathology assessed in the last year to the model, genetic risk factors unique for externalizing psychopathology were now positively related to levels of mental wellbeing, although accounting for only 5% of the genetic variance. Environmental risk factors unique to externalizing psychopathology continued to be negatively associated with mental wellbeing, accounting for 26% of the environmental variance. When both internalizing psychopathology and externalizing psychopathology are associated with mental wellbeing, the strongest risk factors for low mental wellbeing are genetic factors that impact on both internalizing psychopathology and externalizing psychopathology, and environmental factors unique to externalizing psychopathology. In this model, genetic risk factors for externalizing psychopathology predict, albeit weakly, higher levels of mental wellbeing.

scholarly journals Quantifying environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis in discordant monozygotic twins: A case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Hamid Zahednasab ◽  
MohammadReza Jabalameli ◽  
SeyedAmir Bahreini ◽  
Fereshteh Ashtari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors

scholarly journals DNA methylation age acceleration and risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L McCartney ◽  
Anna J Stevenson ◽  
Rosie M Walker ◽  
Jude Gibson ◽  
Stewart W Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Epigenetic Clock ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe ‘epigenetic clock’ is a DNA methylation-based estimate of biological age and is correlated with chronological age – the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Genetic and environmental risk factors exist for AD, several of which are potentially modifiable. Here, we assess the relationship associations between the epigenetic clock and AD risk factors.METHODSLinear mixed modelling was used to assess the relationship between age acceleration (the residual of biological age regressed onto chronological age) and AD risk factors relating to cognitive reserve, lifestyle, disease, and genetics in the Generation Scotland study (n=5,100).RESULTSWe report significant associations between the epigenetic clock and BMI, total:HDL cholesterol ratios, socioeconomic status, and smoking behaviour (Bonferroni-adjusted P<0.05).DISCUSSIONAssociations are present between environmental risk factors for AD and age acceleration. Measures to modify such risk factors might improve the risk profile for AD and the rate of biological ageing. Future longitudinal analyses are therefore warranted.

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