scholarly journals Genotype−Environment Correlation and Its Relation to Personality — A Twin and Family Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Bertil Persson
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Nonshared Environment ◽  
Address Register ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the Family and School Psychosocial Environment (FSPE) questionnaire in relation to a possible genotype–environment correlation and genetic mediation between the FSPE variables and personality variables, assessed by the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. A sample of 506 Swedish children aged 10–20 years from 253 families were recruited via the Swedish state population and address register and SchoolList.Eu. The children were divided into 253 pairs: 46 monozygotic twin pairs, 42 dizygotic twin pairs, 140 pairs of full siblings and 25 pairs of half-siblings. The behavioral genetic analysis showed that both FSPE factors, Warmth and Conflicts, may be partly influenced by genetic factors (suggesting genotype–environment correlation) and that nonadditive genetic factors may mediate the relationship between FSPE factors and psychoticism/antisocial personality (P). An indication of a special shared monozygotic twin environment was found for P and Lie/social desirability, but based on prior research findings this factor may have a minor influence on P and L. P and L were negatively correlated, and the relationship seems to be partly mediated by nonadditive genetic factors. Nonshared environment and measurement errors seem to be the most influential mediating factors, but none of the cross-twin cross-dimension correlations suggest a common shared environmental mediating factor.

The Effect of Education on Political Knowledge: Evidence From Monozygotic Twins

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Weinschenk ◽  
Christopher T. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Familial Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Political scientists have long been interested in the determinants of political knowledge. In many studies, education is the strongest predictor of political knowledge. However, some studies have found that education has no effect on knowledge once confounding variables are taken into account. In addition, some recent work suggests that education remains the strongest predictor of knowledge even after accounting for confounders like personality traits and intelligence. We provide new evidence on the effect of education on political knowledge by utilizing the co-twin control design. By looking at the relationship between education and knowledge within monozygotic twin pairs, we are able to circumvent sources of confounding of the relationship due to genetic factors and early-life family environment because monozygotic twins share both. We find that the relationship between education and political knowledge is highly confounded by genes and/or familial environment. The results from a naive model that does not take into account unobserved family factors indicate that education has a positive and statistically significant effect on political knowledge. However, in a twin fixed-effects model that accounts for confounding due to genetic factors and familial socialization, we find that the effect of education on political knowledge drops substantially and is not statistically significant at conventional levels.

scholarly journals Predictors of Patient-Reported Incontinence at Adjuvant/Salvage Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy: Impact of Time between Surgery and Radiotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3243
Author(s):  
Fernando Munoz ◽  
Giuseppe Sanguineti ◽  
Andrea Bresolin ◽  
Domenico Cante ◽  
Vittorio Vavassori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Salvage Radiotherapy ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
International Consultation ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Baseline urinary incontinence (UI) strongly modulates UI recovery after adjuvant/salvage radiotherapy (ART/SRT), inducing clinicians to postpone it “as much as possible”, maximizing UI recovery but possibly reducing efficacy. This series aims to analyze the trend of UI recovery and its predictors at radiotherapy start. Methods: A population of 408 patients treated with ART/SRT enrolled in a cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02803086) aimed at developing predictive models of radiation-induced toxicities. Self-reported UI and personality traits, evaluated by means of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R) questionnaires, were assessed at ART/SRT start. Several endpoints based on baseline ICIQ-SF were investigated: frequency and amount of urine loss (ICIQ3 and ICIQ4, respectively), “objective” UI (ICIQ3 + 4), “subjective” UI (ICIQ5), and “TOTAL” UI (ICIQ3 +4 + 5). The relationship between each endpoint and time from prostatectomy to radiotherapy (TTRT) was investigated. The association between clinical and personality variables and each endpoint was tested by uni- and multivariable logistic regression. Results: TTRT was the strongest predictor for all endpoints (p-values ≤ 0.001); all scores improved between 4 and 8 months after prostatectomy, without any additional long-term recovery. Neuroticism independently predicted subjective UI, TOTAL UI, and daily frequency. Conclusions: Early UI recovery mostly depends on TTRT with no further improvement after 8 months from prostatectomy. Higher levels of neuroticism may overestimate UI.

Молекулярная биология менингиом головного мозга

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
В.А. Бывальцев ◽  
И.А. Степанов ◽  
Е.Г. Белых ◽  
А.И. Яруллина
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Intracranial Tumor ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Si Rna ◽  
The Relationship

Цель обзора - анализ современных данных литературы о нарушении внутриклеточных сигнальных путей, играющих ведущую роль в развитии менингиом, генетических и молекулярных профилях данной группы опухолей. К настоящему времени изучено множество аберрантных сигнальных внутриклеточных путей, которые играют важнейшую роль в развитии менингиом головного мозга. Четкое понимание поврежденных внутриклеточных каскадов поможет изучить влияние генетических мутаций и их эффектов на менингиомогенез. Подробное исследование генетического и молекулярного профиля менингиом позволит сделать первый уверенный шаг в разработке более эффективных методов лечения данной группы интракраниальных опухолей. Хромосомы 1, 10, 14, 22 и связанные с ними генные мутации ответственны за рост и прогрессию менингиом. Предполагается, что только через понимание данных генетических повреждений будут реализованы новейшие эффективные методы лечения. Будущая терапия будет включать в себя комбинации таргетных молекулярных агентов, в том числе генную терапию, малые интерферирующие РНК, протонную терапию и другие методы воздействия, как результат дальнейшего изучения генетических и биологических изменений, характерных для менингеальных опухолей. Meningiomas are by far the most common tumors arising from the meninges. A myriad of aberrant signaling pathways involved with meningioma tumorigenesis, have been discovered. Understanding these disrupted pathways will aid in deciphering the relationship between various genetic changes and their downstream effects on meningioma pathogenesis. An understanding of the genetic and molecular profile of meningioma would provide a valuable first step towards developing more effective treatments for this intracranial tumor. Chromosomes 1, 10, 14, 22, their associated genes, have been linked to meningioma proliferation and progression. It is presumed that through an understanding of these genetic factors, more educated meningioma treatment techniques can be implemented. Future therapies will include combinations of targeted molecular agents including gene therapy, si-RNA mediation, proton therapy, and other approaches as a result of continued progress in the understanding of genetic and biological changes associated with meningiomas.

KONFLIK DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440
Author(s):  
Santi Retno Sari
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Job Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships to which leadership style (task and relations oriented leadership) moderate the impact of conflict on employee performance. Data were collected from 92 employees in different job levels. Partial least squares variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the relationship in the models. The results showed that task and relation conflict was associated with employee performance. The research findings also showed that leadership styles moderated the relationship between conflict and employee performance. This study offers implications for managerial practices. Practical implications and suggestions described in the paper Keywords: leadership style, conflict, performance.

scholarly journals When and How Does Sustainable HRM Improve Customer Orientation of Frontline Employees? Satisfaction, Empowerment, and Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Youngsam Cho ◽  
Yongduk Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Employees Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Empowerment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between sustainable human resource management (HRM) practices, employee satisfaction, and customer orientation of frontline employees (FLEs) in the hotel industry from the perspective of internal marketing. Specifically, the study focused on three facets of sustainable HRM practices (i.e., training, reward, and benefit) as well as organizational empowerment and communication as FLE-supportive contexts. Although some studies have examined the relationship between HRM practices and customer orientation, they overlooked the importance of service context in facilitating FLE customer orientation. Thus, this study developed a comprehensive framework based on social exchange theory and self-determination theory. The results show that all three facets of the sustainable HRM practices were positively related to FLEs’ satisfaction. FLEs’ satisfaction was also positively related to their customer orientation. Furthermore, both organizational empowerment and communication moderated the relationship between FLEs’ satisfaction and customer orientation, which showed a positive relationship only when FLEs perceived high organizational empowerment or communication. The research findings provide beneficial theoretical and practical implications.

Emotional intelligence, Personality Variables and Career Adaptability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292198987
Author(s):  
Sakshi Vashisht ◽  
Poonam Kaushal ◽  
Ravi Vashisht
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Size Measure ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
The Relationship

This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, personality variables (Big V personality traits, self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism and proactive personality) and career adaptability of students. Data were coded on CMA software version 3.0. Product–moment correlation coefficient (r) was considered as the effect size measure for this study. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s regression test along with Orwin’s fail-safe N, but no significant publication bias was detected. From the results of 54 studies, it was found that all variables of the study had meta-analytic correlation with career adaptability of students. For heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted, and significant differences were found.

scholarly journals Auditors, Underwriters, and Firm Owners’ Interaction in an IPO Environment: The Case of OECD Nations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6281
Author(s):  
Sheela Sundarasen ◽  
Kamilah Kamaludin ◽  
Izani Ibrahim ◽  
Usha Rajagopalan ◽  
Nevi Danila
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Firm Owners ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the effects of interactions among key stakeholders, i.e., auditors, underwriters, and firm owners on IPOs’ first-day returns in selected OECD nations. It also examines the alteration effects of legal origin (Common law and Civil law) on the relationship between the interacted key stakeholders and IPOs’ first-day returns. A total of four thousand one hundred and sixty-four IPOs from twenty-eight OECD nations are included in this study. Since it is cross-sectional data, a two-stage least square regression is applied. The empirical outcomes indicate that, in general, the interacted reputable underwriters and auditors have a positive impact on IPOs’ first-day return. The relationship is modified between common law and civil law nations, whereby in civil law nations, no significance is demonstrated except for the interaction between the reputable auditors and underwriters. In the common law nation, interactions between reputable auditors and ownership retention have an impact on IPOs’ first-day return. The research findings provide outlooks into an IPO framework for issuers, investors, and regulators. Issuers may want to weigh carefully the costs and benefits of hiring credible auditors and underwriters when going public as they act as signaling agents. As for the investors, they should take into consideration the involvement of reputable underwriters and auditors and the degree to which the IPO firms retain ownership, as the interactive effects give clear signals on firm valuation and IPOs’ first-day returns. Regulators may find the findings informative concerning the creation of a more organized regulatory and financial system that could lead to a deeper and more open financial market.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of sports consumption habits in Hungary, Poland and Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Paár ◽  
Antal Kovács ◽  
Miklós Stocker ◽  
Márk Hoffbauer ◽  
Attila Fazekas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Sports Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sports Venues ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The so-called sports consumption models are looking for the factors that influence the sports spending of households. This paper aims to examine the Hungarian, Polish and German households’ sports expenditures which can be an important indicator of physical activity and sporty lifestyle. Methods Surveying of households in three countries (Hungary, Poland and Germany) has been conducted with a self-designed questionnaire. We have used descriptive and bivariate non-parametric and parametric statistical methods: (1) χ2 test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test for checking the relationship between sociodemographic and physical activity variables and (2) independent sample t-test and ANOVA for checking the differences in sports expenditures. Results Our research concluded that men, especially previous athletes, exercise more than women and those who have no history as registered athletes. The choice of sports venues is obviously different between the countries in the sample. Members of the study population spend the most on sports services while they spend the least on sports equipment. German households have the highest spending rates compared to the other two countries. Conclusions Results are in line with our previous research findings and with other literatures. The difference in preferences of sports venues could have the reason of different supply of sports clubs or the different living standards too. It needs further researches to clear it. Material wealth, income level and sport socialisation can be a determining factor regarding the level of sports spending.

Invited Review: Pharmacogenetics of estrogen replacement therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2776-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Herrington ◽  
Karen Potvin Klein
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Risk Gene ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

There are a number of genetic factors that likely modulate both the beneficial and adverse effects of estrogen. An important domain of consideration is the relationship of estrogen and thrombosis risk. Gene polymorphisms among the key elements of the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascade appear to influence the effects of estrogen on risk for venous thromboembolic events and possibly arterial thrombosis as well. Emerging data also suggest that allelic variants in the estrogen receptor-α may modulate estrogen's effects, especially with respect to bone and lipid metabolism.

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