Go East! 1905 as a Turning Point for the Transnational History of Vietnamese Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Sara Legrandjacques
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Regional Mobility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis paper discusses the year 1905 as an educational watershed in colonial Vietnam. It focuses on the development of student mobility that transcended colonial and imperial boundaries and gave new momentum to educational training on a transnational scale. In the mid-1900s, the anti-colonial mandarin Phan Bội Châu launched a new nationalist movement called Đông Du, meaning ‘Going East.’ It centred on sending young men to Japan via Hong Kong to train them as effective anti-French activists. These students came from Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina and enrolled in a variety of curricula. Although this initiative collapsed in the late 1900s, it remained a watershed. Regional mobility did not disappear afterwards but mostly redirected itself towards China. This paper brings a great diversity of material face-to-face, including governmental archives and biographies, and challenges the colonial-based vision of Vietnamese education by highlighting its regional dimension, from the early twentieth century to the outset of the Second World War.

The Pattern of Administrative Reforms in the Closing Years of Dutch Rule in Indonesia

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Benda
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

The history of Indonesia in the last two or three decades of Dutch colonial rule still has to be written, and it can only be written when the abundant archival materials for this period, both in Indonesia and in the Netherlands, come to be opened up for scholarly investigation. Scholars who, since the Second World War, have turned their attention to modern Indonesian history have tended to focus on the development of Indonesian nationalism, and for understandable reasons. The Indonesian Revolution, crowned by the attainment of Indonesian independence in 1949, rendered an understanding of the Indonesian nationalist movement in colonial times imperative not only to Indonesian historians attempting to come to grips with their country's recent past but also to an ever-increasing number of foreign students. Welcome as this ongoing re-examination of Indonesian nationalism is, it, too, must remain incomplete until documentary evidence, whether archival or (auto)-biographical, can substantially enrich it.

Phan Boi Chau: Asian Revolutionary in a Changing World

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Duiker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Communist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
French Authority ◽  
Country Today

One of the most striking facts about the history of modern Vietnam has been the persistent strength of the communist movement. In part, of course, this strength must be attributed to the organizational abilities of the communists themselves. But it might also be said that it is a testament to the weakness of the more moderate elements within the nationalist movement. Resistance to French control has a long history in Vietnam, dating back to the original conquest in the mid-nineteenth century. Yet only after the Second World War, when the communist-dominated Vietnam Independence League (Vietminh) led resistance to French authority, did a movement of truly national proportions arise in the country. By their leadership of the Vietminh, the communists became the most potent political force within the nationalist movement. By contrast, non-Marxist parties were consistently plagued by political factionalism and lack of unity, a reality that has been a major contributing factor to the contemporary tragedy in that country today.

Amputated Memory and the Turning Point of 1989

Uprooted ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Thum
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
State Sponsorship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Complete Collapse

This chapter discusses how the Polish state and the people who came to Wroclaw after the Second World War managed to rebuild and revive this city. Considering the situation at the end of the war—the devastation, the complete collapse of the previous order, the evacuation of its entire population—this achievement borders on a miracle. If that were not enough, after overcoming its tremendous postwar challenges Wroclaw has gone on to become more than simply a functioning Polish city. The secret capital of the western territories ranks next to Warsaw and Krakow as one of Poland's leading cultural metropolises. Furthermore, Wroclaw's cultural life extends beyond the reach of direct state sponsorship. The chapter also shows how, in the 1980s, Polish inhabitants of the western territories began to show a growing interest in the silenced history of their homeland.

The Transmission of Life: Certain Generalizations about the Demography of Europe's Nations in 1939–41

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lukacs
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The Second World War became a world war only in December 1941. By that time not only the extent but also the character of its warfare had changed, with the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Thus 1941 was even more of a turning-point in the history of the Second World War than 1917 had been in the history of the First. Most historians of the Second World War would agree with this assessment. Thus it is perhaps not surprising that relatively little interest has been devoted to the history of the everyday lives of European peoples during the years 1939–41, during what could be called in retrospect (perhaps hopefully so) the Last European War.

An Indian Town’s Entry into the Second World War: Holding Together the Congress Party and Training Chinese Soldiers in Wartime Raj

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Cao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast India ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
Second World ◽  
India And China

During the Second World War, Ramgarh, a small town in northeast India, was the site of the 53rd Session of the Indian National Congress and the training centre for the Chinese Expeditionary Force. By uncovering the links between the two events and knitting them into the broader context of the Indian nationalist movement and China’s War of Resistance, this article tries to break down the hegemony of the Eurocentric national narratives of the history of the Second World War in India and China. In doing so, it provides an alternative way of writing an entangled history of India and China during the Second World War.

Left Wing Unity and the Indian Nationalist Movement: M. N. Roy and the Congress Socialist Party

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Haithcox
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

The decade preceding the Second World War was a crucial period in the history of the Indian nationalist movement. It was at this time that the leadership of Gandhi and the ‘Old Guard’—Congress veterans who, with few exceptions, were annually re-elected to the party's Working Committee—faced its most serious challenge for control of the Congress Party. The outcome of this internal party struggle determined the nature and scope of the independence movement throughout the war years and until the attainment of freedom in 1947. It also determined the political complexion of the party that was to guide the Republic of India through the early, and critical, formative years of its existence.

scholarly journals Promouvoir et jouer au football pendant la guerre: La Fédération Internationale de Football Association, les forces de l’Axe et la Deuxième Guerre mondiale = Promocionando y jugando al fútbol durante la Guerra. La Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociación, las potencias del Eje y la Segunda Guerra Mundial = Promoting and Playing football during the War. The International Federation of Association Football, the Axis Power and the Second World War

2019 ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Philippe Vonnard ◽  
Grégory Quin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Organization ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Sport ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Second World

Resumen: Las repercusiones del aumento del totalitarismo en el período de entreguerras y, más precisamente, de la guerra en sí misma en el deporte internacional, ya han sido objeto de estudios detallados, en particular en torno al Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI), pero el fútbol -y en particular la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)- es también un excelente tema de análisis de este "punto de inflexión" en la historia del siglo XX. De hecho, las décadas de 1930 y 1940 fueron décadas clave para comprender los desafíos de la politización del fútbol, para resaltar cómo operaban los líderes deportivos en un contexto ambivalente, pero también para analizar la transformación de la gobernanza de una organización internacional entre los intentos de interferencia impulsados por las potencias del Eje y la "resistencia" orquestada por el secretario general. Así, este artículo pretende cuestionar y analizar la inversión de las potencias del Eje en torno a la FIFA, particularmente a la luz de su actividad continua durante la guerra, utilizando algunos archivos y documentos originales del centro de documentación de la FIFA.Palabras clave: Historia, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Políticas, FIFA, Relaciones Internacionales.Abstract: The repercussions of the rise of totalitarianism in the interwar period and more precisely of the war itself on international sport have already been the subject of detailed studies, particularly around the International Olympic Committee (IOC), but football - and in particular the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) - is also an excellent analyst of this "turning point" in the history of the 20th century. Indeed, the 1930s and 1940s were key decades to understand the challenges of the politicization of football, to highlight how sports leaders operate in an ambivalent context, but also to analyse the transformation of the governance of an international organization between the attempts of interference driven by Axis forces and the "resistance" orchestrated by Secretary General. Thus, this article aims to question and analyse the investment of Axis forces around FIFA, particularly in the light of its continued activity during the war, using some original archives and documents from the FIFA documentation center.Keywords: History, Second World War, Politics, FIFA, International Relations.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

ABCs of the Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-291
Author(s):  
Egor A. Yesyunin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Development History ◽  
The People ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Revolution

The article is devoted to the satirical agitation ABCs that appeared during the Civil War, which have never previously been identified by researchers as a separate type of agitation art. The ABCs, which used to have the narrow purpose of teaching children to read and write before, became a form of agitation art in the hands of artists and writers. This was facilitated by the fact that ABCs, in contrast to primers, are less loaded with educational material and, accordingly, they have more space for illustrations. The article presents the development history of the agitation ABCs, focusing in detail on four of them: V.V. Mayakovsky’s “Soviet ABC”, D.S. Moor’s “Red Army Soldier’s ABC”, A.I. Strakhov’s “ABC of the Revolution”, and M.M. Cheremnykh’s “Anti-Religious ABC”. There is also briefly considered “Our ABC”: the “TASS Posters” created by various artists during the Second World War. The article highlights the special significance of V.V. Mayakovsky’s first agitation ABC, which later became a reference point for many artists. The authors of the first satirical ABCs of the Civil War period consciously used the traditional form of popular prints, as well as ditties and sayings, in order to create images close to the people. The article focuses on the iconographic connections between the ABCs and posters in the works of D.S. Moor and M.M. Cheremnykh, who transferred their solutions from the posters to the ABCs.

B'nai B'rith on the European continent after World War Two

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Hans Levy
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Organization ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
European Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

The focus of this paper is on the oldest international Jewish organization founded in 1843, B’nai B’rith. The paper presents a chronicle of B’nai B’rith in Continental Europe after the Second World War and the history of the organization in Scandinavia. In the 1970's the Order of B'nai B'rith became B'nai B'rith international. B'nai B'rith worked for Jewish unity and was supportive of the state of Israel.

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