The Pattern of Administrative Reforms in the Closing Years of Dutch Rule in Indonesia

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Benda
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

The history of Indonesia in the last two or three decades of Dutch colonial rule still has to be written, and it can only be written when the abundant archival materials for this period, both in Indonesia and in the Netherlands, come to be opened up for scholarly investigation. Scholars who, since the Second World War, have turned their attention to modern Indonesian history have tended to focus on the development of Indonesian nationalism, and for understandable reasons. The Indonesian Revolution, crowned by the attainment of Indonesian independence in 1949, rendered an understanding of the Indonesian nationalist movement in colonial times imperative not only to Indonesian historians attempting to come to grips with their country's recent past but also to an ever-increasing number of foreign students. Welcome as this ongoing re-examination of Indonesian nationalism is, it, too, must remain incomplete until documentary evidence, whether archival or (auto)-biographical, can substantially enrich it.

Phan Boi Chau: Asian Revolutionary in a Changing World

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Duiker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Communist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
French Authority ◽  
Country Today

One of the most striking facts about the history of modern Vietnam has been the persistent strength of the communist movement. In part, of course, this strength must be attributed to the organizational abilities of the communists themselves. But it might also be said that it is a testament to the weakness of the more moderate elements within the nationalist movement. Resistance to French control has a long history in Vietnam, dating back to the original conquest in the mid-nineteenth century. Yet only after the Second World War, when the communist-dominated Vietnam Independence League (Vietminh) led resistance to French authority, did a movement of truly national proportions arise in the country. By their leadership of the Vietminh, the communists became the most potent political force within the nationalist movement. By contrast, non-Marxist parties were consistently plagued by political factionalism and lack of unity, a reality that has been a major contributing factor to the contemporary tragedy in that country today.

Writing the Radio War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Louis Macneice ◽  
Imperial Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Compromise ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

Writing the Radio War positions the Second World War as a critical moment in the history of cultural mediation in Britain. Through chapters focusing on the ‘broadbrow’ radicalism of J.B. Priestley, ground-breaking works by Louis MacNeice and James Hanley at the BBC Features Department, frontline reporting by Denis Johnston, and the emergence of a West Indian literary identity in the broadcasts of Una Marson, Writing the Radio War explores how these writers capitalized on the particularities of the sonic medium to communicate their visions of wartime and postwar Britain and its empire. By combining literary aesthetics with the acoustics of space, accent, and dialect, writers created aural communities that at times converged, and at times contended, with official wartime versions of Britain and Britishness. Though rarely controversial, the broadcasts of these writers navigated an environment of political compromise in order to present new articulations of British and imperial identity that set the stage for the postwar multi-ethnic welfare state to come.

Go East! 1905 as a Turning Point for the Transnational History of Vietnamese Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Sara Legrandjacques
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Regional Mobility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis paper discusses the year 1905 as an educational watershed in colonial Vietnam. It focuses on the development of student mobility that transcended colonial and imperial boundaries and gave new momentum to educational training on a transnational scale. In the mid-1900s, the anti-colonial mandarin Phan Bội Châu launched a new nationalist movement called Đông Du, meaning ‘Going East.’ It centred on sending young men to Japan via Hong Kong to train them as effective anti-French activists. These students came from Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina and enrolled in a variety of curricula. Although this initiative collapsed in the late 1900s, it remained a watershed. Regional mobility did not disappear afterwards but mostly redirected itself towards China. This paper brings a great diversity of material face-to-face, including governmental archives and biographies, and challenges the colonial-based vision of Vietnamese education by highlighting its regional dimension, from the early twentieth century to the outset of the Second World War.

Towards a History of Decolonization

Itinerario ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Wesseling
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Decolonization has finished. It definitely belongs to the past, but somehow it has refused to become history. A great deal has already been written on this subject, and yet it seems that there is little to say about it. After the Second World War, the colonized countries wanted to become independent, struggled with their oppressors and threw off the yoke of colonial rule. Within a few years they all achieved their aim. That is the song that has now already been sung for about thirty years, in various keys, it is true, but with a remarkable consistency of tune and melody. The entire colonial history seems to have been no more than a prologue to an inevitable and triumphant independence. A new Whig interpretation of history has come into being.

Debating the Meaning of Fascism in Contemporary Italy

Modern Italy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ventresca
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
World War ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

This article takes up the question posed by Claudio Pavone—‘Have the Italians truly known how to come to terms with their past?’—and argues that Italians have indeed grappled with their Fascist past, albeit in varied, contradictory, ambiguous and incomplete ways. This article demonstrates the myriad ways in which Italians—historians, politicians, intellectuals, and segments of the general public—have debated the meaning of Fascism since the fall of Mussolini and the end of the Second World War. What follows below argues that selective remembering and wilful forgetting of the Mussolini regime are nevertheless evidence of an ongoing process of confronting the legacy of Italy's recent past.

An Indian Town’s Entry into the Second World War: Holding Together the Congress Party and Training Chinese Soldiers in Wartime Raj

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Cao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast India ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
Second World ◽  
India And China

During the Second World War, Ramgarh, a small town in northeast India, was the site of the 53rd Session of the Indian National Congress and the training centre for the Chinese Expeditionary Force. By uncovering the links between the two events and knitting them into the broader context of the Indian nationalist movement and China’s War of Resistance, this article tries to break down the hegemony of the Eurocentric national narratives of the history of the Second World War in India and China. In doing so, it provides an alternative way of writing an entangled history of India and China during the Second World War.

Left Wing Unity and the Indian Nationalist Movement: M. N. Roy and the Congress Socialist Party

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Haithcox
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

The decade preceding the Second World War was a crucial period in the history of the Indian nationalist movement. It was at this time that the leadership of Gandhi and the ‘Old Guard’—Congress veterans who, with few exceptions, were annually re-elected to the party's Working Committee—faced its most serious challenge for control of the Congress Party. The outcome of this internal party struggle determined the nature and scope of the independence movement throughout the war years and until the attainment of freedom in 1947. It also determined the political complexion of the party that was to guide the Republic of India through the early, and critical, formative years of its existence.

scholarly journals Collective Memory and Political Mythologies: Eleftherios Venizelos in Greek Postwar Historiography, 1945–1967

HISTOREIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Triantafyllou
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second World

During the first decades after the Second World War, Greek society had to deal with a vast array of issues, including its relationship with the past. In this context, Eleftherios Venizelos, a great statesman of the early twentieth century, was frequently used both as a symbol in contemporary political debates and as a metonymy in various attempts to contextualise the history of the first half of the century. An important part of these attempts was the corpus of public narratives produced about Venizelos and his era, either as historiographical accounts or autobiographical texts. These narratives, published in newspapers and books, were not, for the most part, academic; their authors were usually journalists, retired military officers, or politicians, who formed a political-historical nexus and who produced a new discourse on a historical period which had hitherto received little or no historiographical attention. In fact, this discourse left its mark on Greek political and historical culture for decades to come.

Recent Work at the Lower Palaeolithic Site of Corfe Mullen, Dorset, England

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McNabb ◽  
Robert Hosfield ◽  
Kevin Dearling ◽  
Dominic Barker ◽  
Kristian Strutt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Fluvial Terrace ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Marine Embayment ◽  
Second World ◽  
Geological Research

Changes in the geological interpretation of the history of the ancient Solent river basin have focused attention on the handaxes discovered in the Corfe Mullen area during quarrying before the Second World War. Recent geological research suggests that the fluvial terrace the handaxes are associated with may pre-date the Anglian glaciation. This is important because it contributes to the question of just when the Solent basin was first occupied by hominins, and how this relates to other areas of possible contemporary pre-Anglian occupation such as the Boxgrove Marine embayment. However, the artefacts were believed to come from the bluff of the river terrace and were thus not in situ. This paper explores that question and re-examines the context from which the handaxes at Corfe Mullen were discovered.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

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