Effect of Late-Season Herbicide Applications on Inflorescence and Seed Production of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor A. Ganie ◽  
Simranpreet Kaur ◽  
Prashant Jha ◽  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Giant Ragweed

Giant ragweed is one of the most competitive annual broadleaf weeds in corn and soybean crop production systems in the United States and eastern Canada. Management of giant ragweed has become difficult due to the evolution of resistance to glyphosate and/or acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides and giant ragweed’s ability to emerge late in the season, specifically in the eastern Corn Belt. Late-season herbicide application may reduce seed production of weed species; however, information is not available about late-season herbicide applications on giant ragweed seed production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of single or sequential late-season applications of 2,4-D, dicamba, glyphosate, and glufosinate on inflorescence injury and seed production of glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed under greenhouse and field conditions (bare ground study). Single and sequential applications of glufosinate resulted in as much as 59 and 60% injury to giant ragweed inflorescence and as much as 78 and 75% reduction in seed production, respectively, under field and greenhouse conditions. In contrast, single or sequential applications of 2,4-D or dicamba resulted in ≥ 96% inflorescence injury and reduction in seed production in the field as well as in greenhouse studies. The results indicated that 2,4-D or dicamba are effective options for reducing seed production of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed even if applied late in the season. Targeting weed seed production to decrease the soil seedbank will potentially be an effective strategy for an integrated management of GR giant ragweed.

Distribution of Herbicide-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in Indiana and Characterization of Distinct Glyphosate-Resistant Biotypes

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick T. Harre ◽  
Haozhen Nie ◽  
Renae R. Robertson ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Pam Fluorometer ◽  
Giant Ragweed

Giant ragweed is a highly competitive weed that continually threatens crop production systems due to evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides (ALS-R) and glyphosate (GR). Two biotypes of GR giant ragweed exist and are differentiated by their response to glyphosate, termed here as rapid response (RR) and non–rapid response (NRR). A comparison of data from surveys of Indiana crop fields done in 2006 and 2014 showed that GR giant ragweed has spread from 15% to 39% of Indiana counties and the NRR biotype is the most prevalent. A TaqMan®single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay was developed to identify ALS-R populations and revealed 47% of GR populations to be ALS-R as well. The magnitude of glyphosate resistance for NRR populations was 4.6 and 5.9 based on GR50and LD50estimates, respectively. For RR populations, these values were 7.8 to 9.2 for GR50estimates and 19.3 to 22.3 for LD50estimates. A novel use of the Imaging-PAM fluorometer was developed to discriminate RR plants by assessing photosystem II quantum yield across the entire leaf surface. H2O2generation in leaves of glyphosate-treated plants was also measured by 3,3′-diaminobenzidine staining and quantified using imagery analysis software. Results show photo-oxidative stress of mature leaves is far greater and occurs more rapidly following glyphosate treatment in RR plants compared with NRR and glyphosate-susceptible plants and is positively associated with glyphosate dose. These results suggest that under continued glyphosate selection pressure, the RR biotype may surpass the NRR biotype as the predominant form of GR giant ragweed in Indiana due to a higher level of glyphosate resistance. Moreover, the differential photo-oxidative stress patterns in response to glyphosate provide evidence of different mechanisms of resistance present in RR and NRR biotypes.

scholarly journals Integrated Management of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) with Tillage and Herbicides in Soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor A. Ganie ◽  
Lowell D. Sandell ◽  
Mithila Jugulam ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
David B. Marx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Giant ragweed is one of the most competitive annual broadleaf weeds in soybean production fields in the midwestern United States and eastern Canada because of its early emergence, rapid growth rate, high plasticity, and resistance to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibitors. Therefore, early-season management of giant ragweed is critical to avoid yield loss. The objectives of this study were to evaluate control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed through the integration of preplant tillage or 2,4-D; PRE or early POST (EPOST) followed by (fb) late POST (LPOST) herbicide programs with or without preplant tillage or 2,4-D; and their effect on soybean injury and yield. A field study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in David City, NE in a field infested with glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed. Preplant tillage or 2,4-D application provided > 90% control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed 14 d after preplant treatment. Giant ragweed control and biomass reduction were consistently > 90% with preplant tillage or 2,4-D fb sulfentrazone plus cloransulam PRE or glyphosate plus cloransulam EPOST fb glyphosate plus fomesafen or lactofen LPOST compared with ≤ 86% control with same treatments without preplant tillage or 2,4-D. PRE or EPOST fb LPOST herbicide programs preceded by preplant treatments resulted in giant ragweed density < 2 plants m−2and soybean yield > 2,400 kg ha−1compared with the density of ≥ 2 plants m−2and soybean yield < 1,800 kg ha−1under PRE or EPOST fb LPOST herbicide programs. The contrast analysis also indicated that preplant tillage or 2,4-D fb a PRE or POST program was more effective for giant ragweed management compared with PRE fb POST herbicide programs. Integration of preplant tillage would provide an alternative method for early-season control of giant ragweed; however, a follow up application of herbicides is needed for season-long control in soybean.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 65. Salsola tragus L. (updated)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Beckie ◽  
A Francis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Salsola Iberica

This account updates that published by Crompton and Bassett in 1985 (classified then as Salsola pestifer A. Nels.). The taxonomy of this species has been controversial and confusing. Salsola tragus is an annual broadleaf weed species native to Eurasia and inadvertently introduced to the Americas in crop seed in 1873. This naturalized species is a common and economically important weed in crop production systems and non-cropped disturbed areas in semiarid to arid regions of western North America; in eastern North America, S. tragus commonly occurs along roadsides, railways, and other dry, stony, and sandy areas. Pollen-mediated gene flow and efficient seed dispersal aids both short- and long-distance spread. As a C4 species, S. tragus is highly competitive in semiarid and arid small-grain cropping systems because of its ability to emerge early, efficiently extract soil available water by its extensive root system, and tolerate heat, drought, and salinity. Moreover, the evolution of acetolactate synthase-inhibitor resistance has impacted herbicidal control of the species. The weed has been used as an emergency forage during drought, and is palatable when immature and non-toxic to livestock. Key words: Salsola tragus, Salsola pestifer, Salsola iberica, Salsola kali, Russian thistle, weed biology

scholarly journals Seed production of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in response to time of emergence in cotton and rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. BAGAVATHIANNAN ◽  
J. K. NORSWORTHY ◽  
K. L. SMITH ◽  
P. NEVE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Southern United States

SUMMARYThe spread of herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.) poses a serious threat to crop production in the southern United States. A thorough knowledge of the biology of barnyardgrass is fundamental for designing effective resistance-management programmes. In the present study, seed production of barnyardgrass in response to time of emergence was investigated in cotton and rice, respectively, in Fayetteville and Rohwer, Arkansas, over a 2-year period (2008–09). Barnyardgrass seed production was greater when seedlings emerged with the crop, but some seed production was observed even if seedlings emerged several weeks after crop emergence. Moreover, barnyardgrass seed production was highly variable across environments. When emerging with the crop (0 weeks after crop emergence (WAE)), barnyardgrass producedc. 35 500 and 16 500 seeds/plant in cotton, andc. 39 000 and 2900 seeds/plant in rice, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Seed production was observed when seedlings emerged up to 5 WAE (2008) or 7 WAE (2009) in cotton and up to 5 WAE (2008, 2009) in rice; corresponding seed production wasc. 2500 and 1500 seeds/plant in cotton, andc. 14 700 and 110 seeds/plant in rice, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The results suggest that cultural approaches that delay the emergence of barnyardgrass or approaches that make the associated crop more competitive will be useful in integrated management programmes. In the context of herbicide resistance management, it may be valuable to prevent seed return to the seedbank, irrespective of cohorts. The findings are vital for parameterizing herbicide resistance simulation models for barnyardgrass.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of weed regulation methods in spring wheat cultivated in integrated, conventional and organic crop production systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Weed Communities

Abstract The research was conducted from 2008 to 2010, and compared the influence of different weed control methods used in spring wheat on the structure of the weed communities and the crop yield. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Osiny as part of a long-term trial where these crop production systems had been compared since 1994. In the conventional and integrated systems, spring wheat was grown in a pure stand, whereas in the organic system, the wheat was grown with undersown clover and grasses. In the conventional system, herbicides were applied two times in a growing season, but in the integrated system - only once. The effectiveness of weed management was lower in the organic system than in other systems, but the dry matter of weeds did not exceed 60 g/m2. In the integrated system, the average dry matter of weeds in spring wheat was 4 times lower, and in the conventional system 10 times lower than in the organic system. Weed diversity was the largest in spring wheat cultivated in the organic system. In the conventional and integrated systems, compensation of some weed species was observed (Viola arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Equisetum arvense). The comparison of weed communities using Sorenson’s indices revealed more of a similarity between systems in terms of number of weed species than in the number of individuals. Such results imply that qualitative changes are slower than quantitative ones. The yield of grain was the biggest in the integrated system (5.5 t/ha of average). It was 35% higher than in the organic system, and 20% higher than in conventional ones.

A Survey of Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Missouri Soybean Fields and Prediction of Glyphosate Resistance in Future Waterhemp Populations Based on In-Field Observations and Management Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin K. Rosenbaum ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis

A survey of soybean fields containing waterhemp infestations was conducted just prior to harvest in 2008 and 2009 to determine the frequency and distribution of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in Missouri, and to determine if there are any in-field parameters that may serve as indicators of glyphosate resistance in this species in future crop production systems. Glyphosate resistance was confirmed in 99 out of 144, or 69%, of the total waterhemp populations sampled, which occurred in 41 counties of Missouri. Populations of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp were more likely to occur in fields with no other weed species present at the end of the season, continuous cropping of soybean, exclusive use of glyphosate for several consecutive seasons, and waterhemp plants showing obvious signs of surviving herbicide treatment compared to fields characterized with glyphosate-susceptible waterhemp. Therefore, it is suggested that these four site parameters, and certain combinations of these parameters, serve as predictors of glyphosate resistance in future waterhemp populations.

scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
George O. Kegode ◽  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Sharon Clay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Approaches to crop production that successfully reduce weed seed production can benefit farming systems by reducing management inputs and costs. A 5-yr rotation study was conducted in order to determine the effects that interactions between crop rotation, tillage, and amount of herbicide and fertilizer (management inputs) have on annual grass and broad-leaved weed seed production and fecundity. There were 10 crop rotation and tillage system combinations and three levels of management inputs (high, medium, and low). Green and yellow foxtail were the major weed species, and together they yielded between 76 and 93% of collected weed seeds. From 1990 to 1994, average grass weed seed productions were 7.3 by 103, 3.7 by 1036.1 by 103and 5.7 by 103seeds m−-2, whereas average broad-leaved weed seed productions were 0.4 by 103, 0.4 by 103, 1.4 by 103, and 0.4 by 103seeds m−-2in crop rotations using conventional tillage (moldboard plow), conservation tillage, no tillage, and ridge tillage, respectively. Crop rotations using conventional or ridge tillage consistently produced more grass and broad-leaved weed seeds, especially in low-input plots. There was little difference in weed seed production among input levels for crop rotations using conservation tillage. Comparing rotations that began and ended with a corn crop revealed that by increasing crop diversity within a rotation while simultaneously reducing the amount of tillage, significantly fewer grass and broad-leaved weed seeds were produced. Among the rotations, grass and broad-leaved weed fecundity were highly variable, but fecundity declined from 1990 to 1994 within each rotation, with a concomitant increase in grass and broad-leaved weed density over the same period. Crop rotation in combination with reduced tillage is an effective way of limiting grass and broad-leaved weed seed production, regardless of the level of management input applied.

Herbicide resistance in China: a quantitative review

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangying Liu ◽  
Shihai Xiang ◽  
Tao Zong ◽  
Guolan Ma ◽  
Lamei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThe widespread, rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a serious and escalating agronomic problem worldwide. During China’s economic boom, the country became one of the most important herbicide producers and consumers in the world, and herbicide resistance has dramatically increased in the past decade and has become a serious threat to agriculture. Here, following an evidence-based PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach, we carried out a systematic review to quantitatively assess herbicide resistance in China. Multiple weed species, including 26, 18, 11, 9, 5, 5, 4, and 3 species in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)., orchards, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields, respectively, have developed herbicide resistance. Acetolactate synthase inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, and synthetic auxin herbicides are the most resistance-prone herbicides and are the most frequently used mechanisms of action, followed by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. The lack of alternative herbicides to manage weeds that exhibit cross-resistance or multiple resistance (or both) is an emerging issue and poses one of the greatest threats challenging the crop production and food safety both in China and globally.

Halauxifen-methyl controls glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) but not giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Jamshid Ashigh ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Giant Ragweed

AbstractHorseweed is a competitive summer or winter annual weed that produces up to 230,000 small seeds per plant that are capable of traveling more than 500 km via wind. Giant ragweed is a tall, highly competitive summer annual weed. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and GR giant ragweed pose significant challenges for producers in the United States and Ontario, Canada. It is thought that an integrated weed management (IWM) system involving herbicide rotation is required to control GR biotypes. Halauxifen-methyl is a new selective broadleaf POST herbicide registered for use in cereal crops; there is limited information on its efficacy on horseweed and giant ragweed. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of halauxifen-methyl applied POST, alone and in a tank mix, for the control of GR horseweed and GR giant ragweed in wheat across southwestern Ontario. For each weed species, an efficacy study consisting of six field experiments was conducted over a 2-yr period (2018, 2019). At 8 wk after application (WAA), halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil + ammonium sulfate controlled GR horseweed >95%. Fluroxypyr and MCPA provided only 86% and 37% control of GR horseweed, respectively. At 8 WAA, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE + pyroxsulam, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester controlled GR giant ragweed 87%, 88%, 90%, 94%, 96%, 96%, 98%, and 93%, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl and pyroxsulam provided only 45% and 28% control of GR giant ragweed, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl applied alone POST in the spring controlled GR horseweed but not GR giant ragweed in winter wheat.

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