Effect of Pyroxasulfone Formulation on Dissipation from a Winter Wheat Field in Tennessee

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-827
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Field

Field studies were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Tennessee to examine pyroxasulfone dissipation under field conditions of winter wheat production. Three formulations were examined: (1) a single component active ingredient in an 85% dry flowable, (2) dry flowable formulation in combination of pyroxasulfone+flumioxazin, and (3) a liquid SC formulation of pyroxasulfone+carfentrazone. The liquid formulation is a suspo-emulsion. When averaged across the three studies, the DT 50 were 34.4, 30.2 and 29.9 d for pyroxasulfone plus carfentrazone, pyroxasulfone, and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, respectively. These trends would indicate that formulation had little or no effect on pyroxasulfone dissipation in this experiment. Pyroxasulfone DT 50 in all studies ranged from a low of 15.4 d to a high of 53.3 d, and loss was more rapid under warm, moist conditions. These results indicate that pyroxasulfone would last long enough to provide residual weed control, but would not persist excessively to injure rotational crops.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield quality and weed infestation of common valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) in dependence on weed control method and forecrop.

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Positive Effect

A field experiment involving the cultivation of common valerian was conducted on loess soil in Abramów (Lublin region) in the period 2007-2009. Qualitative parameters of herbal raw material obtained from this plant as well as in-crop weed infestation were evaluated depending on the protection method and forecrop. Hand-weeded plots, in which a hand hoe was used, were the control. In the other treatments, weeds were controlled using various herbicides and a mechanical implement (brush weeder). Potato and winter wheat + field pea cover crop were the forecrops for common valerian crops. A hypothesis was made that the use of a brush weeder and herbicides not registered for application in valerian crops would have a positive effect on this plant's productivity and weed infestation in its crops. It was also assumed that the introduction of a cover crop would allow the elimination of differences in the forecrop value of the crop stands in question. The best quantitative and qualitative parameters of common valerian raw material as well as the largest reduction of incrop weed infestation were recorded after the application of the herbicides which were not type approved. The use of the brush weeder in the interrows also had a beneficial effect on productivity of the plant in question, but secondary weed infestation at the end of the growing season of common valerian turned out to be its disadvantage. Traditional crop protection methods used in common valerian crops were less effective in weed infestation reduction and they resulted in lower plant productivity and raw material quality. Potato proved to be a better forecrop for common valerian than winter wheat + field pea; however, this positive effect was not confirmed statistically. The following annual weeds: <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, were predominant in the common valerian crop. Traditional weed control methods resulted in the dominance of some dicotyledonous weeds, such as <i>Viola arvensis</i>, <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>.

Fluazifop-P Tank-Mixtures with Clethodim for Annual Grass Control in Flax (Linum usitatissimum)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field studies were undertaken in 1992 and 1993 to investigate the control of wild oat and green foxtail in flax with reduced rates of fluazifop-P and clethodim applied as tank-mixtures. Fluazifop-P plus clethodim at 50 + 18 g ai/ha controlled wild oat and green foxtail and was as effective as full rates of either herbicide applied alone. These rates represent a 20% reduction in total amount of active ingredient required to control wild oat and green foxtail. Application of fluazifop-P, and/or clethodim prior to the 3- to 4-leaf stage failed to control late emerging grass weeds. Application of graminicide mixtures at or after the 3- to 4-leaf stage controlled late emerging grass weeds and did not affect flax yield. When applied late, fluazifop-P at 175 g/ha tended to reduce flax yield, although weed control was acceptable and no foliar injury was observed following treatment. The efficacy of graminicide mixtures was reduced by addition of bromoxynil plus MCPA to the spray mix.

Atrazine Dissipation as Affected by Surface pH and Tillage

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Kells ◽  
C. E. Rieck ◽  
R. L. Blevins ◽  
W. M. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Decreasing Ph

Field studies and laboratory analyses were conducted to examine factors affecting degradation of14C-atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamine)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] under field conditions. The effects of these factors on weed control under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems were also examined. The amount of radioactivity which was unextractable in 90% methanol increased with time following treatment with14C-atrazine. The rate of formation of unextractable14C compounds was greater under no-tillage and increased with decreasing pH. After 14 to 18 days, a greater amount of extractable atrazine was present in areas receiving lime. The degradation of atrazine occurred more rapidly when surface pH was less than 5.0 compared with a pH greater than 6.5. The effect of lime on the amount of parent atrazine present in the soil was directly correlated to its effect on soil pH. Extractable atrazine in the soil 45 days after treatment was significantly correlated with weed control with the greatest effect under no-tillage.

Field Dissipation of Atrazine and Metribuzin in Organic Soils in Florida

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Odero ◽  
Dale L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

Sugarcane growers have observed reduced residual activity of atrazine on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of south Florida. Field studies were conducted between 2011 and 2012 to determine the rate of dissipation of atrazine at 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg ha−1and metribuzin at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg ha−1in the top 10 cm of soil in sugarcane fields in the EAA. The bioavailable fraction of atrazine dissipated more rapidly than the total amount of atrazine in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of atrazine ranged between 3.9 to 12.1 d and 1.0 to 7.5 d, respectively. Metribuzin dissipated much more slowly than atrazine on organic soils. Similarly, dissipation of the bioavailable fraction of metribuzin was more rapid than was the dissipation of the total amount of metribuzin in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of metribuzin ranged between 16.2 and 24.8 d and 6.0 and 14.3 d, respectively. These results indicate that enhanced atrazine degradation occurs on organic soils under field conditions in the EAA, resulting in shorter residual atrazine activity. This implies that metribuzin is a better option for weed control in sugarcane grown on organic soils of the EAA exhibiting enhanced atrazine degradation.

Weed response and crop growth in winter wheat–lucerne intercropping: a comparison of conventional and reduced soil-tillage conditions in northern France

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barilli ◽  
M.-H. Jeuffroy ◽  
J. Gall ◽  
S. de Tourdonnet ◽  
S. Médiène
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Weed Communities

Changing agricultural practices from conventional to conservation tillage generally leads to increased weed populations and herbicide use. To gain information about the possible use of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cover crop as an alternative and sustainable weed-control strategy for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was performed at Thiverval-Grignon, France, from 2008 to 2010. We compared conventional and reduced tillage as well as the presence and absence of living mulch (i.e. lucerne) on weeds and wheat production. Percentage soil coverage and aboveground biomass of wheat, lucerne and weeds were measured at the end of grain filling. Weed communities were analysed in terms of composition and diversity. During both seasons, wheat biomass did not significantly decrease in reduced-till trials compared with conventional ones (7.0 and 7.2 t ha–1, respectively, in 2008–09; 6.9 and 7.1 t ha–1 in 2009–10). Regardless of soil management, the percentage soil coverage by wheat significantly decreased when it was intercropped, although wheat biomass was not significantly reduced compared with the sole crop. To minimise cash-crop losses, we studied the competition between wheat, lucerne and weeds, testing various herbicide strategies. Early control of lucerne allowed better balance between weed control and wheat development. In addition, weed communities varied among treatments in terms of abundance and composition, being reduced but more varied in plots associated with lucerne. A functional group analysis showed that grasses benefited from reduced-till conditions, whereas problematic weeds such as annuals with creeping and climbing morphologies were substantially reduced. In addition, annual and perennial broad-leaf species with rosette morphology were also significantly decreased when lucerne was used as living mulch. Wheat production in reduced-till conditions intercropped with lucerne living mulch may be useful for integrated weed management, reducing the need for herbicides.

Results from two experiments with winter wheat, comparing top-dressings of a liquid N-fertilizer either alone or with added herbicide or mildew fungicide or both, and of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ without or with the herbicide or fungicide or both

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Penny ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Wheat Leaves

SUMMARYExperiments with winter wheat in 1972 and 1973 tested all combinations of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ ν. liquid N-fertilizer, 56 ν. 112 kg N/ha, 0 ν 5·6 1/ha of herbicide (2·8 kg acid equivalent/ha) and 0 ν 0·7 1/ha of mildew fungicide, all applied at growth stage 4–5 of the Feekes scale. The liquid fertilizer (26 % N) was a solution of ammonium nitrate and urea, the herbicide was a mixture of dichlorprop and MCPA and the mildew fungicide contained 75 % (w/v) of the active ingredient tridemorph.The herbicide and mildew fungicide were sprayed either alone or together and neither scorched the wheat leaves. Liquid N-fertilizer by itself slightly scorched the wheat leaves and scorch was increased by adding herbicide to it, but more by adding the fungicide and most by adding both; it was then severe, especially with 112 kg N/ha.Weed control after adding herbicide to the liquid fertilizer was at least as good as from herbicide sprayed alone.In July, foliar diseases were much more severe with 112 than with 56 kg N/ha, but effects of the other treatments, including fungicide, on foliar diseases, were then very small.With 56 kg N/ha, yields were slightly larger with ‘Nitro-Chalk’ alone than with the liquid N-fertilizer alone, but with 112 kg N/ha they were slightly larger with the liquid fertilizer; adding herbicide to the liquid fertilizer did not change these results. With either amount of N, adding mildew fungicide to the liquid fertilizer made it less good than ‘Nitro-Chalk’, presumably because of the damage from leaf scorch; adding both herbicide and fungicide to the liquid fertilizer increased the damage.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CHEVALIER WG AND ATLANTIS OD HERBICIDES TO CONTROL WEEDS IN WINTER WHEAT FIELDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said & Jaff
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Weed Plants

Herbicides are much more than just chemicals to control weed plants, and they can also influence the ecosystems. So, it is necessary to choose new herbicide with low active ingredients in order to reduce environmental issues, as well as control weed plants. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and to compare two herbicides containing similar active ingredients, Chevalier WG and Atlantis OD, as they contain metsufuron-methyl and iodosufuron-methyl sodium at different rates. Chevalier contains 30 g/l of each active ingredient; whilst Atlantis OD has 10 g/l of metsulfuron-methyl and 2 g/l of iodosufuron-methyl sodium. The results showed that all treatments significantly were active to control the weeds in both wheat varieties. Narrow-leaves Weeds density was decreased density 91.70 and 94.14% by Atlantis OD minus 25% in Aras and Simeto respectively, and the yield of Aras was increased 255%. In accordance with the results, a herbicide with low active ingredients, particularly from the sulfonylurea group such as Atlantis OD, more likely to be recommended for weed control and environmental concerns. 

scholarly journals Effect of divided nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on the quality of winter wheat

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Gerda Diósi ◽  
Péter Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Run Up

The ecological characteristics and agro-ecological conditions in Hungary provide opportunities for quality wheat production. For the successful wheat production besides the favorable conditions; the proper use of expertise and appropriate cultivation techniques are not negligible. Successful cultivation affected by many factors. To some extent we can affect, influence and convert the abiotic factors. Today, a particularly topical issue is the question of nutrition and that the species’ genetic code can be validated using the appropriate quantity and quality fertilizer. Beyond determining the fertilizer requirements of the winter wheat it is important to align the nutrient to the plant’s nutrient uptake dynamics and to ensure its shared dispensing. In any case, it is important to note the use of autumnal base-fertilizer as complex fertilizer. Hereafter sharing the fertilizer during the growing season with the recommended adequate nitrogen dose.The first top dressing of winter wheat in early spring (the time of tillering) can be made, the second top dressing at the time of stem elongation, and the third top dressing at the end of the blooming can be justified. Determining the rate of fertilizer application depends on the habitat conditions and the specific nutrient needs of plants. In autumn the 1/3 of the planned amount of basic fertilizer should be dispensed (in case of N). During setting our experiment we used 3 doses (0 kg ha-1 N-1 active ingredient; 90 kg ha-1 N-1 active ingredients and 150 kg ha-1 N-1 active ingredient). Application dates beyond the autumn basic fertilization are the following: in one pass in early spring, divided in early spring and the time of run up, early spring and late flowering. In addition to nitrogen the replacement of sulfur gets a prominent role as a result of decreased atmospheric inputs. The proper sulfur supply mainly affects the quality parameters. It influences positively the wheat flour’s measure of value characteristics (gluten properties, volume of bread, dough rheology. In terms of nitrogen doses; the larger amounts (150 kg ha-1 N-1 drug), is the proposed distributed application, while in the case of lower nitrogen (90 kg ha-1 N-1 drug) in a single pass in the early spring can achieve better results. After using sulfur the quality values among the nutritional parameters that can be associated with gluten properties took up higher values than the samples not treated with sulfur.

Weed Control in Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) with Clomazone

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Gary W. Mahnken ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted from 1986 through 1989 to determine the feasibility of using clomazone in a winter wheat-corn-fallow rotation. Clomazone at 1.1 kg ai/ha did not control emerged downy brome in autumn nor did it control redroot pigweed and tumble pigweed that emerged after a spring application of paraquat at 0.6 kg ai/ha. However, clomazone plus atrazine at 0.6 plus 2.2 kg ai/ha provided weed control in winter wheat stubble from October to corn harvest 12 mo later. Corn yields from this treatment were equal to or greater than the conventional practice of applying atrazine plus glyphosate at 2.2 plus 0.4 kg ae/ha in the fall followed by a spring application of metolachlor plus dicamba at 2.8 ai plus 0.3 kg ae/ha. When kochia densities were high, clomazone plus atrazine controlled triazine-resistant kochia better than metolachlor plus dicamba. Atrazine at 2.2 kg/ha applied in autumn followed by clomazone at 0.8 kg/ha in April generally caused more corn injury than when the same rate of clomazone was applied in autumn with the atrazine. The percent of bleached corn plants varied with planter, year, time of application, and rate of clomazone applied. The optimum time to apply clomazone at 0.6 kg/ha was in autumn with atrazine. This treatment caused some corn bleaching but produced the highest corn yield over 3 yr. In a dry autumn and spring, less clomazone injury occurred with a planter equipped with row cleaners than those without. The injury pattern associated with planters was inconsistent when precipitation was average and no injury occurred in a wet autumn and spring.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Corn (Zea maysL.) as Influenced by Preemergence Herbicides

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W. Janak ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Corn Grain

Field studies were conducted in central and south-central Texas from 2013 through 2015 to evaluate crop tolerance and efficacy of various preemergence herbicides alone and in combination for weed control in field corn. Acetochlor and pendimethalin alone,S-metolachlor plus mesotrione, and the three-way combination ofS-metolachlor plus atrazine plus mesotrione provided the most consistent control of annual grasses including browntop panicum (Panicum fasciculatumL.), Texas millet (Urochloa texanaL.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galliL.), and sprawling signalgrass (Brachiaria reptansL.). Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri(S.) Wats.] control was at least 90% with fluthiacet-methyl plus pyroxasulfone, atrazine plus either acetochlor, alachlor, dimethenamid-P,S-metolachlor, orS-metolachlor plus mesotrione, saflufenacil plus dimethenamid-P, andS-metolachlor plus mesotrione. Hophornbeam copperleaf (Acalypha ostryifoliaL.) was difficult to control; however, acetochlor, saflufenacil or pyroxasulfone alone, saflufenacil plus dimethenamid-P, andS-metolachlor plus mesotrione provided at least 90% control. Acetochlor or saflufenacil alone, thiencarbazone-methyl plus isoxaflutole, dimethenamid-P plus atrazine, rimsulfuron plus mesotrione, and saflufenacil plus dimethenamid-P controlled common sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) at least 90%. Corn injury was minimal (≤3%) with all herbicides. In general, corn grain yield was greatest with herbicide treatments containing more than one active ingredient compared with a single active ingredient.

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