scholarly journals Pyroxasulfone Is Effective for Management ofBromusspp. in Winter Wheat in Western Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Zhijie Wang ◽  
Charles M. Geddes ◽  
Ken Coles ◽  
Bill Hamman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

AbstractIn response to concerns about acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor–resistant weeds in wheat production systems, we explored the efficacy of managingBromusspp., downy and Japanese bromes, in a winter wheat system using alternative herbicide treatments applied in either fall or spring. Trials were established at Lethbridge and Kipp, Alberta, and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada over three growing seasons (2012–2014) to compare the efficacy of pyroxasulfone (a soil-applied very-long-chain fatty acid elongase inhibitor; WSSA Group 15) and flumioxazin (a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; WSSA Group 14) against industry-standard ALS-inhibiting herbicides for downy and Japanese brome control. Winter wheat injury from herbicide application was minor, with the exception of flucarbazone application at Scott.Bromusspp. control was greatest with pyroxsulam and all herbicide treatments containing pyroxasulfone. Downy and Japanese bromes were controlled least by thiencarbazone and flumioxazin, respectively, whereasBromusspp. had intermediate responses to the other herbicides tested. Herbicides applied in fall resulted in reduced winter wheat yield relative to the spring applications. Overall, pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam provided the most efficaciousBromusspp. control compared with the other herbicides and consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields. Therefore, pyroxasulfone could facilitate management ofBromusspp. resistant to ALS inhibitors in winter wheat in the southern growing regions of western Canada. Improved weed control and delayed herbicide resistance may be achieved when pyroxasulfone is applied in combination with flumioxazin.

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Management Options in Winter Wheat in Oklahoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad S. Trusler ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Amanda E. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

An experiment was conducted at three sites in central Oklahoma to compare the efficacy of Italian ryegrass management options in no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat. The Italian ryegrass management options included selected herbicide treatments, wheat-for-hay, and a rotation consisting of double-crop soybean seeded immediately after wheat harvest, followed by early season soybean, and then by wheat. In continuous wheat, before application of glyphosate or tillage, Italian ryegrass plant densities in mid-September were 12,300 to 15,000 plants/m2in NT plots vs. 0 to 500 plants/m2in CT plots. When applied POST, diclofop controlled more Italian ryegrass than tralkoxydim or sulfosulfuron. In continuous wheat, yields were greater in CT plots than in NT plots at two of three sites. None of the Italian ryegrass management options consistently reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Of the Italian ryegrass control strategies applied to continuous wheat, three herbicide treatments in NT at Chickasha and all treatments in NT at Perry reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Italian ryegrass plant density in November and spike density were highly related to wheat yield at two and three sites, respectively. No management options were more profitable than rotation to soybean.

Evaluation of Registered Herbicides for Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Early Fall

Seven field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to compare efficacy and wheat response to currently registered cheat suppression or control herbicide treatments. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron premix (5:1 w/w) at 26 g ai/ha applied PRE controlled cheat 20 to 61%, increased wheat grain yields at two of seven locations, and decreased dockage due to cheat at five of seven locations. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron at 21 g/ha tank-mixed with metribuzin at 210 g/ha, applied early fall POST, controlled cheat 36 to 98% and increased wheat yield at four of seven locations. Metribuzin applied POST in the fall at 420 g/ha controlled cheat 56 to 98% and increased wheat yields at five of seven locations. Both POST treatments decreased dockage at all locations.

scholarly journals Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hamouz ◽  
K. Hamouzová ◽  
J. Holec ◽  
L. Tyšer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Patch Spraying ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation

An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

Effect of Wheat Herbicide Carryover on Double-Crop Cotton and Soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
L. Bo Braxton ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Strip Tillage

In the southeastern United States many farmers double-crop winter wheat with soybean or cotton. However, there is little information about residual injury of herbicides used in wheat to these rotational crops. Experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009 in soft red winter wheat to evaluate response of rotational crops of soybean and cotton after application of various acetolactate synthase herbicides in wheat. Pyroxsulam, mesosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, propoxycarbazone, or chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron at multiple rates were applied to wheat approximately 110 to 120 d before planting rotational crops. Soils were Tift loamy sand at Ty Ty, GA and Faceville sandy loam at Plains, GA. After wheat harvest, soybean (‘Pioneer 97M50’) and cotton (‘DP 0949 B2RF’) were strip-tillage planted and evaluated for injury, stand density, height over time, and yields. For both locations, wheat was tolerant to all herbicide treatments with little to no visible injury 7 to 90 d after application. Pyroxsulam injury was less than sulfosulfuron or mesosulfuron. At recommended use rates, wheat injury was transient with no effect on yield. Double-crop soybean for both locations had no differences in stand establishment for any herbicide treatments. There was significant carryover injury to soybean and cotton for sulfosulfuron applied to wheat for the Faceville sandy loam. There was no effect of herbicide treatment on cotton stand. There was little to no difference in residual activity on rotational crops between pyroxsulam and other wheat herbicides when labeled rates were applied. This is significant as pyroxsulam is used to control Italian ryegrass and wild radish in this region.

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
John M. Wallace ◽  
Steven Mirsky ◽  
Benjamin Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at both timings, resulting in greater than 90% hairy vetch control at wheat harvest. Pyroxsulam and prosulfuron applied at 18 g ai ha−1 provided the most effective hairy vetch control (> 90%) at both application timings among ALS inhibitors. Spring applications of several herbicides provided moderate (> 80%) to high (> 90%) levels of hairy vetch control, including: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), and thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl treatments (16 and 32 g ai ha−1). Winter wheat injury was evaluated, but symptoms were negligible for most treatments. Winter wheat yields declined with increasing hairy vetch biomass. Fall herbicides may be prioritized to reduce hairy vetch competition during the fall and early spring growing season. Our research has established that several synthetic auxin and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, applied POST in fall or spring, can be safely used in winter wheat to control hairy vetch in an integrated weed management program.

Control of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Winter Wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Hoskins ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
John S. Russin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Foliar Symptoms

Field studies were established in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate Italian ryegrass, wheat, and double-crop soybean response to fall and spring postemergence applications of flucarbazone, sulfosulfuron, clodinafop, diclofop, and tralkoxydim applied alone and in combination with thifensulfuron + tribenuron to winter wheat. Fall-applied herbicides caused 5% or less wheat injury. Spring-applied herbicides caused 3 to 45% wheat injury, and the greatest injury occurred with the combination of flucarbazone with thifensulfuron + tribenuron in the spring of 2001. Spring-applied sulfosulfuron, tralkoxydim, diclofop, and clodinafop caused 3 to 6% and 16 to 26% wheat injury in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Herbicide injury to wheat did not reduce wheat grain yield compared with the hand-weeded treatment. Italian ryegrass competition in the nontreated plots reduced wheat yield by as much as 33% compared with herbicide-treated plots. Italian ryegrass control was 89 to 99% from clodinafop and diclofop and 78 to 97% from flucarbazone, with no differences because of application timing in either year of the study. Italian ryegrass control from sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim was greater from the spring of 2000 applications (94 to 99%) compared with the fall of 1999 applications (65 to 88%). However, in 2001, application timing (fall vs. spring) for sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim did not affect Italian ryegrass control. Thifensulfuron + tribenuron combined with tralkoxydim reduced control of Italian ryegrass control compared with tralkoxydim alone in both years of the study. Italian ryegrass control was not reduced when thifensulfuron + tribenuron was combined with sulfosulfuron, flucarbazone, diclofop, or clodinafop. Italian ryegrass was controlled effectively by the acetyl-CoA carboxylase–inhibiting herbicides diclofop, clodinafop, and tralkoxydim. However, control of Italian ryegrass with the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides flucarbazone and sulfosulfuron was inconsistent. Double-crop soybean after wheat did not have foliar symptoms or yield loss from fall- or spring-applied herbicides.

scholarly journals Models for Predicting Potential Yield Loss of Wheat Caused by Stripe Rust in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
X. M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The U.S

Climatic variation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) affects epidemics of wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Previous models only estimated disease severity at the flowering stage, which may not predict the actual yield loss. To identify weather factors correlated to stripe rust epidemics and develop models for predicting potential yield loss, correlation and regression analyses were conducted using weather parameters and historical yield loss data from 1993 to 2007 for winter wheat and 1995 to 2007 for spring wheat. Among 1,376 weather variables, 54 were correlated to yield loss of winter wheat and 18 to yield loss of spring wheat. Among the seasons, winter temperature variables were more highly correlated to wheat yield loss than the other seasons. The sum of daily temperatures and accumulated negative degree days of February were more highly correlated to winter wheat yield loss than the other monthly winter variables. In addition, the number of winter rainfall days was found correlated with yield loss. Six yield loss models were selected for each of winter and spring wheats based on their better correlation coefficients, time of weather data availability during the crop season, and better performance in validation tests. Compared with previous models, the new system of using a series of the selected models has advantages that should make it more suitable for forecasting and managing stripe rust in the major wheat growing areas in the U.S. PNW, where the weather conditions have become more favorable to stripe rust.

Imazamox Rates, Timings, and Adjuvants Affect Imidazolinone-Tolerant Winter Wheat Cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Frihauf ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Craig M. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Fall

Irrigated field experiments were conducted near Torrington, WY, during the 2001 to 2002 (year 1) and 2002 to 2003 (year 2) winter wheat growing seasons to evaluate cultivar response to different imazamox rates, adjuvants, and application timings. Five cultivars were treated postemergence in the early fall (EF), late fall (LF), or early spring (ES) with imazamox at 54 or 108 g ai/ha, including either nonionic surfactant (NIS) at 0.25% or methylated seed oil (MSO) at 1% (v/v) as adjuvants. A 28% urea ammonium nitrate solution at 1% (v/v) was included with all treatments. Spring injury was more severe in year 1 than year 2. Severe spring injury on ‘AP502 CL’, ‘Above’, ‘IMI-Fidel’, ‘IMI-Jagger’, and ‘IMI-Madsen’ was linked to fall application of 108 g/ha imazamox with MSO. Imazamox applied at 108 g/ha plus MSO applied in the fall consistently injured all cultivars more than the same rate with NIS and 54 g/ha imazamox regardless of adjuvant and timing, although severity of injury in the experiments differed between EF and LF timings in years 1 and 2, respectively. Correlation analysis supports injury reduced reproductive tillers per meter of row and wheat yields and increased the number of seeds per spike in year 1. The reduction of reproductive tillers per meter of row in year 1 was likely the result of severe injury caused by 108 g/ha imazamox applied in the EF coupled with little snow cover to protect against cold winter temperatures. Wheat yield in year 1 was reduced by 108 g/ha imazamox applied in the early fall; however, imazamox applied at 54 g/ha with either adjuvant in EF, LF, or ES were safe. Yield parameters and wheat yields in year 2 were not affected by imazamox rate, adjuvant, timing, or interactions of these factors.

scholarly journals Dryland Winter Wheat Yield, Grain Protein, and Soil Nitrogen Responses to Fertilizer and Biosolids Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Koenig ◽  
Craig G. Cogger ◽  
Andy I. Bary
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Eastern Washington

Applications of biosolids were compared to inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer for two years at three locations in eastern Washington State, USA, with diverse rainfall and soft white, hard red, and hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars. High rates of inorganic N tended to reduce yields, while grain protein responses to N rate were positive and linear for all wheat market classes. Biosolids produced 0 to 1400 kg ha−1(0 to 47%) higher grain yields than inorganic N. Wheat may have responded positively to nutrients other than N in the biosolids or to a metered N supply that limited vegetative growth and the potential for moisture stress-induced reductions in grain yield in these dryland production systems. Grain protein content with biosolids was either equal to or below grain protein with inorganic N, likely due to dilution of grain N from the higher yields achieved with biosolids. Results indicate the potential to improve dryland winter wheat yields with biosolids compared to inorganic N alone, but perhaps not to increase grain protein concentration of hard wheat when biosolids are applied immediately before planting.

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